Social Sanctions Research Articles

"Doing what others do" does not stabilize continuous norms.

Differences in social norms are a key source of behavioral variation among human populations. It is widely assumed that a vast range of behaviors, even deleterious ones, can persist as long as they are locally common because deviants suffer coordination failures and social sanctions. Previous models have confirmed this intuition, showing that different populations may exhibit different norms even if they face similar environmental pressures or are linked by migration. Crucially, these studies have modeled norms as having a few discrete variants. Many norms, however, have a continuous range of variants. Here we present a mathematical model of the evolutionary dynamics of continuously varying norms and show that when the social payoffs of the behavioral options vary continuously the pressure to do what others do does not result in multiple stable equilibria. Instead, factors such as environmental pressure, individual preferences, moral beliefs, and cognitive attractors determine the outcome even if their effects are weak, and absent such factors populations linked by migration converge to the same norm. The results suggest that the content of norms across human societies is less arbitrary or historically constrained than previously assumed. Instead, there is greater scope for norms to evolve towards optimal individual or group-level solutions. Our findings also suggest that cooperative norms such as those that increase contributions to public goods might require evolved moral preferences, and not just social sanctions on deviants, to be stable.

“Come back home, sista!”: reactions to Black women in interracial relationships with white men

ABSTRACT Black women in interracial relationships with white men perceive experiencing varying treatment due to expectations of who Black women should date and marry. Black women (N = 23) from across the United States describe their experiences dating and/or marrying white men. Interviewees explicitly and repeatedly express believing that they face social sanctions for being with white men. Judgment from Black men leads many Black women to feel shame, frustration, and that race x gender power differentials are at play in these responses. Judgment from white women leads Black women to believe the validity of their relationships is discredited. Black Feminist Thought and systemic racism reveal why Black women believe they face judgement for dating and/or marrying white men. Studying the perceived reactions to individuals with a double minority status (Black women) and a double majority status (white men) offers insight into the way social status can impact romantic relationships.

Moral Foundations, Himpathy, and Punishment Following Organizational Sexual Misconduct Allegations

We build on deontic justice and moral foundations theories to shed light on responses to sexual misconduct at work by proposing a model that explains why some third parties punish accusing victims and support alleged perpetrators. We theorize that when third parties are given conflicting he-said, she-said information, they intuitively evaluate organizational injustice based on moral values. We further theorize that binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority, purity) give rise to sympathy toward men accused of sexual misconduct and anger toward female accusers. Across five studies (total n = 5,413) utilizing archival, field, and vignette designs, we examined third-party responses to sexual misconduct accusations ranging in severity across several industries. Third-party endorsement of binding moral foundations was linked to increased perpetrator-directed sympathy and victim-directed anger (Studies 1–4). These emotions jointly mediated the relationship between binding values and credibility perceptions of the accusing victim and the alleged perpetrator (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, victim credibility was negatively associated with social sanctions and punishment severity levied toward the accusing victim, and perpetrator credibility was negatively associated with the same punishment outcomes for the alleged perpetrator (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 5, we found that managers framing the accusing victim as disloyal exacerbated negative judgments and emotions toward the victim and positive judgments and emotions toward the perpetrator for individuals who highly ascribe to binding moral foundations. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of moral concerns on third parties’ emotions, judgments, and motivations to punish actors involved in sexual misconduct allegations. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1652 .

Batak Toba’s Diaspor Loyalty against Customary Heritage in Special Region of Yogyakarta

Various problems due to meetings between two or more cultures such as shock culture, cultural assimilation, and cross culture are considered to be problems of the diaspor community until now. The question is, is this problem also experienced by the Batak Toba’s diaspor, which incidentally is considered a tribe that is very loyal to the customs of their ancestral heritage? Then, how their efforts to maintain the sustainability of traditional marriages? To answer this question, a study was conducted on 8 (eight) Batak Toba’s diaspor in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The main findings in the study raised from descriptive research with a qualitative approach include: love of the Batak’s custom and the existence of social sanctions encourage the Batak Toba’s diaspor to hold tight to the tradition up to now, it encourages them to try to instill customary valuesand principles, provide direct practical learning to naposo, held traditional seminars, persuaded to directly deal with each marriage, and actively involved in their respective pockets so that their traditional marriages would be preserved. However, in this effort there are still some obstacles, one of which is the indifference of naposo in the management of the HKBP Church. This study recommends the need to allocate a portion of HKBP Church funds to provide guidance by providing free housing for naposo who migrate to DIY.

SOCIAL WORK SANCTIONS: THE IDEA OF REFORMING THE CRIMINAL LAW FOR ERADICATION OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

This article examines social work sanctions as the primary punishment for perpetrators of corruption. Various policies on eradicating corruption in Indonesia have yet to create a deterrent effect or prevent acts of corruption. Corruption in Indonesia is systemic and endemic, so it is detrimental to state finances and violates peoples social and economic rights. This study uses a normative juridical method with a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The conceptual process is carried out through a literature study, while the statutory procedure is carried out by analyzing the rules related to eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Applying such severe sanctions does not guarantee a deterrent effect for corruptors. Instead, corrupt convicts receive preferential treatment when serving prison sentences in prison. Social work sanctions are constructed as the primary punishment for corruption perpetrators, which are imposed cumulatively and are applied together with other main penalties such as imprisonment and fines. Concretely, social work sanctions as the primary punishment are that the convict is given a social work project according to his expertise. In carrying out social work, the convict must use unique attributes. The convict will voluntarily carry out social work sanctions by the time determined based on a court decision. If the convict is negligent in carrying out the social work sanctions, he will be given an extension of time, but if the target has not been reached, the convict must replace it with a fine by the number of state losses. The implementation of social work sanctions is supervised by investigators, prosecutors, supervisory judges, and correctional institutions.

Justifying Dissent

Abstract Dissent plays an important role in any society, but dissenters are often silenced through social sanctions. Beyond their persuasive effects, rationales providing arguments supporting dissenters’ causes can increase the public expression of dissent by providing a “social cover” for voicing otherwise stigmatized positions. Motivated by a simple theoretical framework, we experimentally show that liberals are more willing to post a tweet opposing the movement to defund the police, are seen as less prejudiced, and face lower social sanctions when their tweet implies they had first read credible scientific evidence supporting their position. Analogous experiments with conservatives demonstrate that the same mechanisms facilitate anti-immigrant expression. Our findings highlight both the power of rationales and their limitations in enabling dissent and shed light on phenomena such as social movements, political correctness, propaganda, and antiminority behavior.

ANALYSIS OF TEACHER DISCRIMINATION AGAINST STUDENTS OF SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

The program carried out in SMA (Junior High School) is an effort to develop students' abilities. However, in its implementation, majors in Junior High School actually cause discriminatory actions against students majoring in social studies (Social Sciences) so that negative labels or stamps appear on students who take the major, both in the school environment and in the community. This study was conducted to find out :1). Causes of discriminatory occurrence in the school environment, 2). Impact on negative stamps/labels of the school environment. The method used is a qualitative method with a direct interview study type in the field. By seeking information from three (3) subjects/speakers, including two students and a permanent teaching teacher there at the high school. The negative label given to students majoring in social studies does not just happen, but there is a cause. The social sanctions given by the school environment stem from the attitudes and behaviors of children majoring in social studies that are not good, and tend to deviate from school rules or regulations.

A part of, yet apart from the team: Substantive membership and belonging of trans and nonbinary athletes.

Increasingly, bills and policies prohibit the participation of trans women in competitive sport. The current sociopolitical moment begs the following question: how do interpersonal interactional moments function alongside formal policies and rules to shape trans athletes' experiences of belonging in sport? Although formal institutional rules govern trans athletes' ability to compete in sport, informal social sanctioning also denies these athletes equitable, or even de facto, membership in sport. I draw upon two case studies to explore trans athletes' experiences of membership in elite "women's" sport. I apply Evelyn Nakano Glenn's work on citizenship to consider how trans athletes' experiences of belonging are influenced by both formal rules imposed by organizations as well as informal social interactions with members of their sporting communities. Inclusion is not synonymous with membership. Trans athletes render visible the ways in which this system functions to contain the diversity of humanity's gender expression.

Digital Ethnic Enclaves: Mate Preferences and Platform Choices Among Chinese Immigrant Online Daters in Vancouver

In light of the growing racialized immigrant population in Canada and advances in dating technologies, this study examines Chinese immigrants' partner preferences and mate selection processes through the lens of online dating. We draw on in-depth interviews with 31 Chinese immigrants who have used online dating services in Metro Vancouver to search for different-sex partners. Chinese immigrant online daters show strong preferences for dating Chinese. They emphasize permanent residency status and similarity in age at arrival when evaluating potential partners. Given their preferences, Chinese immigrants strategically choose the dating platforms they primarily use. Men exhibit higher selectivity in their preferences and choices of platforms. Notably, platforms catering to Chinese users create "digital ethnic enclaves" where Chinese immigrant daters congregate. The findings illuminate the intersection of race, gender, immigrant status, and age at arrival in shaping divergent experiences of mate selection and immigrant assimilation in the digital era.

Home alone: Patterns and perceptions of solitary home alcohol consumption in an Australian convenience sample.

In contrast with extensive literature exploring sociable alcohol use, few studies focus on drinking alone at home, even though the home is the place where the majority of drinking occurs. We draw on survey and interview data gathered in 2018/2019 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify prevalence and perceptions of solitary home drinking in an Australian convenience sample of heavy and light drinkers (LD). A substantial minority of survey participants identified drinking home alone, with over a quarter of heavy drinkers (27%) reporting that they only drank alone in their own home (compared to 15% of LD). In interviews, solitary home drinking was frequently constructed as signifying personal inadequacy, heavy consumption and harm. However, tensions arose through solitary home drinking bringing pleasures, such as relaxation. It was regarded as more socially acceptable for men than women and lighter home drinking patterns were viewed more positively than heavy drinking. Perceptions of what constitutes solitary home drinking varied, with some suggesting it includes drinking with others present who are not themselves drinking, and others using a more limited definition of consuming alcohol while alone in a house. While strong social sanctions against it persist, solitary home drinking can reflect a lack of opportunity to drink with others and also be associated with more harmful regular patterns of alcohol use. Increasing recognition of home drinking provides a new imperative to better understand the complex stigmatisation that frames solitary home drinking and to explore opportunities to limit associated harms.

The application of appraisal theory in Maphalla’s poem: ‘Ditema’

Evaluative language includes any linguistic expressions (written or spoken) that may be perceived as conveying stances or attitudes (feelings and views) towards entities and people in the real world. It also utilises the material presented and the parties involved in the communicative exchange. The poetic text is that which utilizes numerous figures of style to provide emotions and feelings while respecting the criteria of the style of the author. Regarding Maphalla’s anthologies, several South African scholars have worked on his literary works from various literary approaches, but have not used appraisal theory in their analysis. The central aim of this study is to investigate, employing the appraisal framework, a theoretical tenant of systemic functional linguistics, the way language is used evaluatively in Sesotho in Maphalla’s poem, ‘Ditema’ (decoration patterns). This study maintains that there are more positive words used in this poem, indicating that the poet uses the judgement of social esteem, praising hard work and commitment and that there are also social sanctions in the poem, where the poet scorns laziness.

Pinah Laman: The Construction of Religious and Ethnic Identity Within the Mentuka Dayak of West Kalimantan

For the Mentuka Dayak tribe, Pinah Laman is a change in ethnic and religious identity. Pinah Laman in the Mentuka Dayak community is perceived as a cultural space for community members who convert to a particular religion. Generally, religious conversion occurs in this society from Catholicism to Islam. The new identity is given by the term ‘Sinan.’ But on the other hand, the Sinan identity has its own meaning. Sinan is a new identity given to those who have converted to another religion. Because of this Pinah Laman custom, they do not get their tribal rights, such as: performing the Mentuka Dayak traditional ceremonies. This article aims to explore the construction of a new identity from the construction process of religious identity, which involves custom. In addition, this article also explains the form of religious identity construction that occurs among the Mentuka Dayak tribe and the new converts who experience it. Religious conversion is inseparable from the driving factors for the emergence of a new identity and the implications of constructing a new identity due to the conversion process. This article was compiled from the results of research using the ethnographic method. The results of this research show that Pinah Laman is a conversion process of a Christian or Catholic Dayak to Islam. This impacts the social sanctions one receives from one’s social group. For the Mentuka Dayak people, when someone decides to change his religion, he must be willing to give up his Dayak ethnicity. One of the social effects felt by a new convert in the Dayak tribe is that he will be given a nickname or term ‘Sinan.’ Based on the results of this research, the term Sinan has a negative connotation. This is because those who change their religion are ultimately not given the freedom to practice Dayak customs as usual.

ASSIMILATION AND INTEGRATION FOR PRISONERS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC BASED ON MINISTER OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS REGULATIONS NUMBER 10 OF 2020

The provision of assimilation and integration programs is one of the answers to the problem of overcrowded prisons . As a result of being overcrowded, prisons cannot implement the health protocol, namely physical distancing recommended by the government. Policies for implementing assimilation programs during the Covid-19 pandemic should be accompanied by legal policies whose impacts can be beneficial for the legal system in Indonesia, especially regarding criminal policies, namely through reconstruction and/or reformulation of the criminal system and criminal sanctions through the application of social work criminal sanctions and prevention and/or or crime prevention through restorative justice efforts and this is taken into consideration as an effort to resolve the over capacity problem.

Richardson on moral innovation

Richardson on moral innovation

Abandonment of Women’s Rights in Child Marriage; An Islamic Law Perspective

The number of child marriages has recently increased significantly, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is caused by assumption that child marriage will save the child's financial and social security. In fact, child marriage actually causes many problems, especially regarding the abandonment of women's rights in domestic life. This is contrary to the purpose of marriage in Islam which is to create harmonious, prosperous and happy household. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding on the forms of abandonment of women's rights in child marriage cases and how the Islamic family law perspective percieves it. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, and literature searches. The research location was conducted in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Data analysis is carried out with an interpretive approach to give meaning so that it has coherence between one another. The research findings show that the forms of abandonment of women's rights in child marriage cases include three types, namely the abandonment of economic rights, human rights and reproductive rights. The abandonment occurs because of community’s legal culture which considers the action as commonplace in the household. Even, the victim of abandonment allowed herself stuck in that position. According to Islamic family law, the abandonment of women's rights in the household is an act of disobedience against justice as well husband’s reluctance to the wife. It is a form of violation of the commands of Allah and His Messenger which is is also emphasized in the legislation with the existence of both social and criminal sanctions.

Tying ourselves to the mast, or acting for the sake of justice? Ethos, individual duties, and social sanctions

Tying ourselves to the mast, or acting for the sake of justice? Ethos, individual duties, and social sanctions

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU PROSTITUSI ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN SARANA APLIKASI MICHAT

The main problem of the research is how is the criminal liability of online prostitutes using the application. In the main issue, the problem will be formulated in several sub-problems, namely: 1) How is the legal regulation of online prostitution using the Michat application?, 2) How are the criminal acts of online prostitution using the Michat application? ?, 3) how is the criminal liability for online prostitution actors using the michat application?. This research uses normative legal research methods and this research is descriptive. The results of the study show that: 1) The legal basis for ensnaring perpetrators of online prostitution are articles 282 and 289 of the Criminal Code, article 27 paragraph (1) in conjunction with article 45 paragraph (1) of Law number 11 of 2008 concerning ITE and articles 29, 30 of the Law - Law number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography. 2) The elements of online prostitution are subjective elements, objective elements and unlawful acts. 3) Criminal liability in the form of imprisonment, fines and social sanctions.
 Keyword :Criminal Liability, Online Prostitution, Michat

The impact of social economic factors and family dietary intake on health of children and adolescents

The impact of social economic factors, digitalization, sanctions and quality of family diet is manifested in increasing effect of these factors on lifestyle, environment and health of children and adolescents. The surrounding reality affects their organism in formative way due to digitalization of various areas of activity. The consequences of pandemic, announced new sanctions of Western countries, environmental pollution and digitalization of life result in deterioration of life conditions and population health. The analysis of family diet of children and adolescents testifies negative tendency to deterioration of health of children in all age groups. This is becoming a predominant factor negatively impacting quality of human potential: population health, abilities to master and implement professional skills, individual culture level and education, etc. The children from low-income families find oneself in group of special risk. Their diet usually does not meet approved physiological and medical biological standards. In conditions of sanction pressure from Western countries the poor households include even more often average family, even with one child. The birth of children very often diminish possibility of liveable existence of members of such families and decreases standard of living of household as a whole. The most vulnerable group become poor and low-income families where three or more juvenile children are brought up. The Western sanctions have disastrous effect on household incomes, aggravate problems of poverty, especially in large families. The investigation and comparative analysis of key characteristics of families diet, social economic factors affecting health of children and adolescents in the context of digitalization, demonstrated the need in reducing negative impact on their health and changing diet to more balanced and diversified one.

PENERAPAN PUTUSAN PTUN TERHADAP PEMBERHENTIAN PERANGKAT DESA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014

State administrative courts are the courts that have the ability to hear cases that have the authority or competence, such as relative competence and absolute competence. These courts have the jurisdiction to hear matters that have the authority or competence. The ability of a court to hear a matter in accordance with the scope of its jurisdiction is referred to as its "relative competence." Absolute competence refers to the capacity of a court to render a verdict in a case on the basis of the object, material, or subject at issue in the litigation. In this way, the village will be one of the components of governance, which is just one of many facets of governance. The leader of the village is an important position in the administration of the community. A leader is someone who, in addition to carrying out his responsibilities as a leader, also supports and serves the community by carrying out the responsibilities that come with being the head of a village. This indicates that the leader of the city is obligated to steer the regional apparatus in a manner that is consistent with the mandate he was given. Because of its strong ties to the local community, the position of the village apparatus has emerged as one of the most important political issues of the day, and the response of the government has been met with a wide range of opinions and reactions. The village apparatus provides assistance to the village head so that he can fulfill his obligations and responsibilities to the community. If a village leader is found to have violated both government regulations and already established restrictions, then it is possible for him to be removed from his position as head of the community. Village officials who are fired by the village head without the approval of the village head should be protected by legislation. A dismissal of village officials that is carried out in a manner that is not in conformity with applicable laws and regulations may have legal implications in the form of social sanctions for officials who should not get it. This is because there is a lack of openness surrounding this subject

O JULGAMENTO E O ENGAJAMENTO COMO RECURSOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE OPINIÃO

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a construção avaliativa de julgamento do presidente da república, em relação aos conceitos de sanção e estima social, e discutir a heteroglossia e a monoglossia presentes em um editorial, publicado no jornal Estadão. Para isso, adotamos como aparato teórico-metodológico o Sistema de Avaliatividade e seus subsistemas: julgamento e engajamento (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005). Os resultados indicam a predominância de julgamentos de estima social, a partir dos quais o editorial avalia a capacidade negativa do presidente acerca de questões econômicas. Além disso, o recurso de heteroglossia se mostrou presente contribuindo para uma relação autor-leitor de concordância.