Social Relations In Order Research Articles

On Social Media Photography

This article looks at the photography of Kris Graves and the circulation of the artist’s images on his social media accounts as a way of promoting social progress and racial justice, with a focus on his 2016 A Bleak Reality photoseries for Vanity Fair. The series consists of eight images that address the haunting specters of police brutality against eight African American male citizens who lost their lives at the hands of the state. Looking at Instagram, I posit a threefold claim about the social media photograph. First, I argue against the association of the social photo with the everyday. I examine a photoseries that initially participated in an economy of art but then migrated across a network of social relations in order to enhance its visibility—its dissemination ushering in the social life of the photograph that undergirds Black Lives Matter. Second, I suggest that the affective residues of Instagram’s content linger in an indexical trace that transcends the transplatform network’s digitally composited, modified, duplicated, and distributed images. This dual focus illuminates how social media function, on the one hand, as a technology of race while they allow Graves, on the other hand, to document instances of police brutality against African Americans. Third, in so doing, this article locates A Bleak Reality within a genealogy of civic media in order to explore how the co-optation of photography’s reproductive affordances by African American photographers, artists, scholars, intellectuals, and abolitionists has allowed them to construct a counter-archive of Black cultural production around historical movements for racial justice.

FƏALİYYƏT PROSESİNDƏ MƏKTƏBLİ ŞƏXSİYYƏTİNİN FORMALAŞMASINA DAİR

About the Formation of a Student's Personality in the Process of Activity Summary To increase the effectiveness of the development of a child’s personality, it is important to organize comprehensive training for children in the laws of nature and society, to teach them to build their activities in accordance with this knowledge; since social relations reflect the essence of the individual, it is necessary to connect them with the experience of social activities, integrate them into the system of social relations in order to stimulate the development of children’s natural and mental abilities; When organizing the social and industrial activities of children in our country, innovations in socio-economic and cultural relations must be taken into account. The more widely and regularly children are involved in socially useful activities, in active social relations, the more meaningful and organized their activities in this regard are, the more effective the formation of personality and character will be. Key words: personality formation, social relations, productive pedagogical activity, natural capabilities of the individual, student’s work activity

A qualitative study on the challenges of Afghan child labourers in Tehran.

Afghan refugees child labourers face many challenges as they are labelled as refugees. In an attempt to explore these challenges, the present study was conducted in Tehran with a qualitative approach. The present qualitative research was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach with 25 Afghan child labourers in 2022 in Tehran. Child labourers were selected through purposive and snowball sampling and interviewed in a semi-in-depth interview. The data were analysed based on Granheim and Lundman's criteria, as well as those of Guba and Lincoln, to further enrich the findings. A total of 3 categories, 13 sub-categories, and 183 initial codes were extracted from the data analysis, including: "psychological challenges" (history of harassment and abuse, negative effects, high-risk behaviours, and family detachment); "health challenges" (physical problems, inappropriate accommodation, medical/therapeutic problems, and health threats); and "social challenges" (neglected childhood, dual identity, educational limitations, inadequate social support, social isolation, and social humiliation). At the individual level, it is possible to meet the child labourers' health needs and make them aware of the hazards of working in the streets through physical examination at certain intervals and holding training workshops on harassment prevention, anger control, prevention of high-risk behaviours, prevention of infectious diseases such as hepatitis, and strengthening self-confidence to improve health. Also, the Afghan child labourers' work could be intervened at the social and familial level by providing accommodation in more suitable neighbourhoods, providing health insurance for child labourers, creating the chances of studying in schools, preventing dropouts, and strengthening social relations in order to improve children's health.

ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ВИДЫ

Abstract. The article deals with theoretical questions about the concept and prevention of crime. Topical issues of identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes of crime. The issues of detection and elimination of situations that motivate and provoke the commission of crimes are disclosed. The groups of increased criminal risk and reduction of this risk are described in order to adjust the impact on these persons who may commit a crime. Special attention is paid to the multilevel system of preventive measures, which identifies three types of general, special and individual. Each of them is disclosed with examples, processes of determination and causality of criminality and neutralization of negative phenomena. The focus is on the general preventive impact, which includes measures to improve health and create decent conditions for the formation and life of a person. The tasks of carrying out general preventive actions requiring significant investments in the sphere of social security, education and healthcare are described. As the author describes, these are measures related to the fight against inequality, poverty and discrimination. The issue has been carefully considered and another type of warning is a special warning aimed at influencing the processes of determination and causality of crime, which relate to individual groups, objects of encroachment or a specific person. This is a social process, the content of which is the regulation of people's behavior or social relations in order to eliminate various negative aspects that can cause the commission of crimes. The article describes the specific tasks of this prevention. Special prevention may also include not only the impact on a potential offender, but also victimological prevention. The description of the third type of prevention is presented as an individual warning, prevention, i.e. the impact directed at the personality, its negative traits and the environment that forms this personality. The concept of prevention includes early, immediate and relapse prevention. The article also reveals the issues of predictive methods that allow you to make predictions about the time and place in which the risk of committing a crime is high. But forecasts are not always real, since a computer program does not really know what will happen in the future, machines cannot yet replace people and forecasts do not necessarily automatically lead to a significant decrease in the crime rate, this is the author's opinion. Keywords: Crime prevention, prevention, general preventive impact, special warning, individual warning, situational warning, victimology, prognostic methods, latency.

Anthropological perspectives on CKDnt in Mexico: time for a paradigm shift on the social determinants of health.

In Mexico, the kidneys of individuals in poor and marginalized communities are failing with little warning and no explanation. Commonly referred to as chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), this new variant of kidney disease cannot be accounted for by conventional or discrete etiological explanations, but is instead understood to be a consequence of economic development, environmental degradation and precarious working and living conditions. Drawing on two interconnected ethnographic studies, and the intertwining problems of causation and care, this paper will (1) document the social conditions of disease emergence around Lake Chapala, Central Mexico, and (2) follow the haphazard routes kidney patients take to access resource-intensive biotechnical treatments. Its aim is to both challenge and reconceptualize social determinants as social relations in order to fully account for the profoundly contextual, temporal, and dynamic character of this condition, and to rethink opportunities for care and intervention.

ГУМАНІЗМ У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРАВІ УКРАЇНИ: ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ

The article is devoted to the study of the legal content and manifestation of humanism in the criminal law of Ukraine. The historical path of the category of humanism in criminal law is highlighted, starting with the adoption of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR in 1960, during the period of independent Ukraine, as well as at the current stage of development in the conditions of the recodification of criminal legislation. It has been proven that the most significant achievement of the principle of humanism in criminal law is the rejection of the death penalty as a type of punishment for committing a criminal offense. It is substantiated that the development of the principle of the rule of law necessitates a complete change in the approach to the standards, basic provisions, ideology and methodological principles in law that were used earlier. The principle of humanism derives from the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which declares the priority of the human personality. It was determined that the legal content of the principle of humanism in criminal law is expressed in the predominant criminal law protection of human rights and freedoms in accordance with international standards in this area, in the restoration of the rights and freedoms of victims violated by criminal and illegal acts, in the encouragement of citizens to voluntarily fulfill criminal law duty and protection of social relations, as well as in limiting the severity of the punishment to the minimum necessary for decent protection of the person, society and the state, and applying to the person who committed a criminal offense the most humane measures of criminal law influence, sufficient for his correction and prevention new criminal offenses. It has been proven that the humanism of criminal law consists in protecting society, maintaining law and order, and optimally regulating social relations in order to ensure the favorable existence and development of society, as well as, ultimately, each person in it.

Who are relatives? Young adults, relatives and professionals’ perceptions of relatives during the rehabilitation of young adults with a severe acquired brain injury

Purpose This paper explores the perception of “relatives” during the rehabilitation of young adults with severe acquired brain injury (SABI). Methods This longitudinal qualitative study followed eight young adults with a SABI from hospital discharge to a year and a half after discharge. The design encompassed professional records, interviews, and surveys, including a name generator list completed by the young adults and focus group interviews with both their families and professionals. We apply a sociological theoretical framework concerning friendship, and we employ social network analysis (SNA) methodology to capture, visualise, and analyse the young adults’ significant social relations. Results Social relations engaged as relatives during rehabilitation are to a large extent determined by the perceptions of professionals and the parents of the young adult. These perceptions contain a limited number of social relations, with priority given to biological and juridical ties. This might reflect the reduced social support available for the young adult, who initially had a much larger social network. Conclusion The authors suggest a professional rethinking of who “relatives” are as well as considering these social ties as dynamic. Implications for rehabilitation Rehabilitation professionals must be aware of and pay attention to differing perceptions that exist as to who qualifies as significant social relations in order to reconsider the practical implementation of relative involvement. The perception of who relatives are during the rehabilitation process should be reconsidered and extended to include who the young adult perceive as significant social relations. Relatives are not a fixed entity and should be considered dynamically throughout the rehabilitation process. Social relations of the young adult must to a larger extent be considered during rehabilitation to prevent social isolation in the long run.

СУДОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ЯК ГАРАНТІЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНІВ ПРОКУРАТУРИ ЗА ДОТРИМАННЯМ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article reveals the features of the implementation of judicial control as a guarantee of the activities of the prosecutor's office for the observance of human rights in Ukraine. It has been established that judicial control acts as a separate institution, the main role in the functioning of which is to regulate social relations in order to ensure the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of a human and a citizen. It has been established that judicial control over the activities of the prosecutor's office in the context of respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is a special type of state control exercised by the judicial branch of power in Ukraine. It was found that the subject of judicial control over the activities of the prosecutor's office is the direct activities of prosecuting authorities, in particular the legality and validity of such activities in the context of making managerial or procedural decisions. It has been established that the subjects of judicial control over the activities of the prosecutor's office are the Supreme Court, courts of appeal and local courts. It is determined that judicial control over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms should be carried out in the process of applying the measures that will ensure criminal proceedings. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this direction are to study the features and improve the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the legal protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the activities of the prosecutor's office of Ukraine.

IDEOLOGI NUBUWWAH DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH MELALUI KEBIJAKAN DAN PERSPEKTIF POLITIK IBNU SINA

A politics does not have some rich people who have the power to achieve authority. Understanding Politics will be narrow if it is interpreted as a power conflict to gain position and authority. Politics is the style of humans interacting to form social relations in order to give birth to an equitable and prosperous country, therefore politics belongs together. The state will not be realized as a respectable country if there is no good interaction from the leader and his people. Both of them practice what has been agreed upon together. This article focuses on Ibn Sina's political thought as a social and political analysis found today, especially in Indonesia. Ibn Sina's political ideas lead to nubuwwah as well as foreign political thoughts. Thus, the State Leaders actually practice the values ​​of the Prophetic heritage in their souls. Similarly, what is carried out by the community is to comply with the existing regulations in their territory, so that the realization of a country with noble character is realized.

Weight stigma experiences and self-exclusion from sport and exercise settings among people with obesity

BackgroundA central strategy to tackle the health risks of obesity is regular physical activity (PA), exercising and participating in sports. However, people with obesity regularly experience weight-related stigma and discrimination in sport and exercise settings. Research has indicated that they often cope with such experiences by simply excluding themselves from sport and exercise. Meanwhile, self-exclusion as a coping strategy has not been fully understood and it remains unclear to what extent self-exclusion from PA settings is accompanied by general inactivity among people with obesity. The goal of this interview study was to determine to what extent physical inactivity among adults with obesity is the result of weight stigma-induced self-exclusion in and from sport and PA settings.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with thirty adult men and women with obesity (average BMI: 40.64) and asked them about experiences with their body, weight stigma and coping behaviours in sport and exercise settings across their lifespans. Employing constant comparative analysis and a thematic network approach, we analysed the interview data to identify the most common reasons for and different strategies of self-exclusion.ResultsParticipants reported that they excluded themselves from sport and exercise settings due to traumatic weight stigma experiences, self-discrimination and fear of stigma, using a variety of strategies. Exposure to discrimination was prevented by selectively avoiding certain settings or strategically frequenting them at certain times only, but also by exercising in ‘safe’ spaces, e.g. at home. Furthermore, people with obesity reported strategically managing their social relations in order to avoid stigmatising reactions by others in exercise settings, for example by exercising individually and avoiding social PA. Most notably, our results strongly indicate that not all self-excluding coping strategies result in less exercising.ConclusionsIn order to successfully promote physical activity among people with obesity, the various forms of self-exclusion should be taken into account as pathways of stigma regarding physical activity. People with obesity may exclude themselves from certain PA settings, yet could still be exercising on their own or in other ways. One focus of public health strategies should thus be directed at the potentially socially isolating effects.

Syncretism of the City: Legal Aspects of Various Scientific Theories of the City

Nearly a dozen and a half different humanities, natural and technical sciences have chosen the city as a subject of research and, within their subject areas, have developed theoretical approaches to defining the livesustaining activities of the city. All spheres of the city’s existence are interconnected, at least to some extent, by a complex system of city legal relationships and are combined into a single complex, dynamic, controversial, but rather stable structure. In other words, we can, by means of law, investigate the whole (syncretism) of various scientific approaches to the analysis and description of the system of life of the city and its inhabitants. The author investigates various approaches to the concept of syncretism, including the essence of syncretism in legal context. The concept of syncretism is applied to the city in order to present it as a legal framework linking the knowledge of the city of various humanities into the system of social relations in order to explore the main spheres of the population’s life. The paper investigates some basic provisions of the theories of the city of such humanities as history, sociology, philosophy, psychology, economics, urban studies and political science as a matter of law. The purpose of the study is to form a new, comprehensive legal approach to the understanding of the essence of urban life and urbanization processes within the framework of legal urbanology with due regard to the totality of theoretical and practical knowledge about cities accumulated in some humanities. This study implements an interdisciplinary approach based on the use of sources from different fields of scientific knowledge on the basis of general scientific and private scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, hypothetical, statistical, comparative-legal, and prognostic methods). Analysis of legal aspects of the main approaches of some humanities to the study of the city shows their syncretic character and the possibility of forming a generalized legal theory of the city within the framework of legal urbanology as a branch in legal science on the basis of fundamental and applied interdisciplinary studies of the city.

Jovens, ciência e media: perceções sobre a Astronomia e Ciências do Espaço em contextos formais e informais

O papel transversal dos media na aquisição de conhecimentos e na formação de opiniões
 e representações de assuntos de ciência tem uma importância reconhecida. Porém, existem
 poucos estudos que se debrucem sobre o modo como os jovens acedem, compreendem e criam
 conteúdos relacionados com a ciência, utilizando diversas plataformas e acionando diferentes
 literacias. O presente estudo procura explorar algumas pontes nesse sentido. Tendo como base
 públicos jovens interessados em ciência, nomeadamente em Astronomia e Ciências do Espaço,
 o estudo pretende averiguar o que estes valorizam na ciência e como se apropriam da informação
 científica para a tomada de decisão e a formação de opiniões sobre ciência. Os resultados
 confirmam que as aprendizagens informais têm um papel relevante no desenvolvimento de
 uma identificação com a ciência e na escolha por percursos académicos e profissionais com ela
 relacionados. Apesar de não procurarem notícias de ciência em geral, pesquisam informação
 específica de ciência de acordo com os seus interesses. A ausência de uma reflexão sobre como
 os discursos e as notícias de ciência são produzidos e filtrados pelos media e outros agentes de
 comunicação de ciência faz ressaltar a relevância da promoção de uma literacia crítica de ciência,
 que implica a ligação a outras literacias, incluindo a literacia mediática.

Sociology of Development: Towards a Theoretical Option for the Global South

This article proposes that social analysis should view the idea of global development as a series of actions and practices that seek to fundamentally reconfigure social relations in order to ‘manufacture’ new forms of community in the global South. The emergent social forms exist at the margins of neoliberal economy, where personhood and morality are flexible, fluid, contested and remade through continuous dispossession and changing survival possibilities. In effect the practice of development is a continuation of the process of rule established by the colonial civilizing projects and maintained under postcolonial modernity’s neoliberal capitalism. The article elaborates that as a national and regional process and discourse, development continues to generate and maintain forms (subjectivities) of self-regulation and control (governmentality) that both internalize and externalize the South in relation to the global economy and power structure. The paper suggests that sociology of development and related social inquiry should explore a South-aware theory of development in a way that could problematize development itself. It further suggests that the application of Michel Foucault’s concepts to examine the development trajectories may be a starting point that could excite discussions and collaborations for a nuanced exposition of the macro- and micro dynamics and experiences of the development phenomenon.

Reimagining racism: understanding the whiteness and nationhood strategies of British-born South Africans

ABSTRACT This paper explores strategies deployed by a sample of white, British-born South Africans to account for their positions during apartheid and post-apartheid. Whereas literature on white racism identifies denial as a key strategy towards racial discrimination and the maintenance of privilege, the historical and political 10 context of South Africa makes this tactic implausible. The paper contributes to understandings of pluralism within white identifications through investigation of diverse discursive strategies used to frame the overtly racist, apartheid regime and the present post-apartheid, supposedly, ‘post-race’ state. A range of positions attempting to minimise individual implication are identified. 15 A common feature however is to reimagine the structure of social relations in order to diminish responsibility for the sins of the past or the success of the future; suggesting profound difficulties in adjusting to the new social reality.

As relações humanas como uma questão pedagógica: a conectividade humana em Rousseau

Resumo Mesmo que o título deste artigo possa evocar uma análise ampla das relações humanas, o texto se limita à análise das relações humanas na teoria política e pedagógica de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). E ao considerar que a ideia é mais bem exposta na obra Emílio ou da educação e em Júlia ou a Nova Heloísa, ambas escritas pelo filósofo de Genebra, o texto procura defender que essa capacidade de conexão e relacionamento humano pode ser bem utilizada para o melhoramento moral, social e até mesmo político, se bem conduzida. Portanto, é uma questão pedagógica, a qual deve ser bastante explorada, tal como o é em seu tratado de educação através das cenas pedagógicas, que possibilitam uma experiência prática do aprendiz e a possibilidade de expandir sua conectividade e, igualmente, de bem educar seu amor-próprio. Daí o motivo de uma educação repleta de conectividade humana e de situações nas quais esse potencial possa ser desenvolvido o máximo possível, assegurando uma formação moral que prepare o indivíduo a um convívio virtuoso. E isso só será possível se tiver passado por situações em que a compreensão desse aspecto tenha sido interiorizada o suficiente para tornar-se uma norma, tal como ocorreu ao personagem Emílio – o que pode ser visto na obra Emílio ou da educação e em sua continuidade, o inconcluso livro Emílio e Sofia, ou os solitários.

Pierrepont, Alexandre. 2015. la Nuee. L'AACM: Un Jeu De Societe Musicale. Marseille: Editions Parentheses

The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), which recently celebrated its 50th birthday, is certainly one of the most important musical movements of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This much we know. This thick and dense book, written by French an-thropologist and musical theorist Alexandre Pierrepont over a period of almost twenty years, demonstrates that, on top of inventing new ways to make music, the members of the AACM also invented better ways to make a society. Subtitled A Game-Play of Musical Society, it offers a profound and joyous analysis of the many strata simultaneously developed in Chicago beginning in 1965 by African American musicians who had no alternative but to invent new social relations in order to survive economically and thrive artistically as creators, in a country doubly biased against African Americans and against artistic experimentations and lifestyles.

\u201cHelping my neighbour is like giving a loan\u2026\u201d \u2013the role of social relations in chronic illness in rural Uganda

BackgroundUnderstanding individuals’ experience of accessing care and tending to various other needs during chronic illness in a rural context is important for health systems aiming to increase access to healthcare and protect poor populations from unreasonable financial hardship. This study explored the impact on households of access to free healthcare and how they managed to meet needs during chronic illness.MethodsRich data from the life stories of individuals from 22 households in rural south-western Uganda collected in 2009 were analysed.ResultsThe data revealed that individuals and households depend heavily on their social relations in order to meet their needs during illness, including accessing the free healthcare and maintaining vital livelihood activities. The life stories illustrated ways in which households draw upon social relations to achieve the broader social protection necessary to prevent expenses becoming catastrophic, but also demonstrated the uncertainty in relying solely on informal relations.ConclusionImproving access to healthcare in a rural context greatly depends on broader social protection. Thus, the informal social protection that already exists in the form of strong reciprocal social relations must be acknowledged, supported and included in health policy planning.

An inductive typology of egocentric networks

We apply Random Forests to detailed survey data of social relations in order to derive an inductive typology of egocentric networks. Beginning with over 40 descriptors of 1050 northern California respondents’ networks, we combine 21 of these into seven dimensions, the extent to which those networks display: (1) interaction with nonkin, (2) proximity to kin, (3) overall involvement with kin (including support), (4) support from nonkin, and the extent to which (5) church, (6) work and (7) extra-curricular activities shape connections with others. We use these dimensions to reliably place 985 of the 1050 observations into types: career-and-friends (24%), family-and-community (20%), family-only (16%), untethered (8%), energetic (7%), withdrawn (6%), and home-and-church (5%). In the second part of the analysis, we describe the social and demographic attributes of respondents that predict membership in each cluster to present a richer picture of the network typology, as well as to confirm that the types have face validity.

From the Editorial Board: Aiming Beyond Success: Reinforcing the True Potential of Arts Education

From the Editorial Board: Aiming Beyond Success: Reinforcing the True Potential of Arts Education Jamie Kudlats The arts occupy a tenuous position in the American curriculum. While the vast majority of Americans believes that arts are valuable, our preoccupation with tested subjects has cast the arts to the side, making them the victims of budget cuts and marginalization (Grey, 2010). Efforts to include the arts in legislation have only left them subordinate to these tested disciplines, their value rationalized by their potential to increase test scores or their ability to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship (Ruppert, 2006; Zhao, 2012). David Labaree (2010) described this country’s current vision for education as a private good that encourages individualistic social mobility. This vision has intensified the standards and accountability movement, and coerced arts advocates and educators to justify the arts by their usefulness to advance individual achievement. But we must recognize and champion the potential of the arts to perform far beyond these narrow capacities. When we do, we set the stage for powerful possibilities to emerge in education. According to Maxine Greene (1978), the arts should be central to any curriculum, as they have been "deliberately created to move people to critical awareness, to a sense of moral agency, and to a conscious engagement with the world” (p. 162). Lewis and Laverty (2015) argued that the arts can “affect perception, gesture, and embodied social relations in order to open up space and time for political turnings, imaginative alternatives, and affective intensities” (p. 4). The arts provide us with endless opportunities to reveal new ways of thinking, feeling, and acting in the world. Take, for example, the phrase 21st century skills, the phrase so often uttered in conversations about current goals for curriculum and teaching. These ‘skills’ – predominantly collaboration, critical thinking, communication and creativity – flourish when the arts have space, time, and depth in our curriculum. The arts can help us examine how people express ideas and feelings through paintings, songs or dance. We can work together to perform a concert or write a play, and we communicate our unique points of view, and try to better understand the points of view of others. Furthermore, meaningful arts programs and arts integration efforts can also promote a sense of community within and beyond the school walls. Arts integration projects, as exemplified by the A+ Schools initiative and the Chicago Arts Partnerships in Education (CAPE) schools, among others, have cleared pathways for collaboration among teachers and connectedness through the disciplines (Rabkin & Redmond, 2004). Through powerful means of expression and communication the arts offer ways for teachers and students together to be a part of something bigger than the disciplines, and bigger than themselves. We thrive through our connectedness and feelings of belonging. As such, schools with a strong sense of community also thrive as we learn not only the things that matter to us, but also the things that matter to those who share our schools and communities (Schaps, 2009). [End Page 191] If we want our students to think about their own thinking, to intensely examine their world and what it means to truly be and be together in that world, we don’t just have an opportunity to include the arts - we have an obligation. The benefits, both individual and collective, are boundless. The High School Journal welcomes manuscripts that explore the broader possibilities for schools and learning revealed through the arts. We are interested in studies that illustrate how students engage with the arts in ways that may lead to a more critical examination of our worlds and our place within them. References Greene, M. (1978). Landscapes of learning. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar Grey, A. C. (2010). No child left behind in art education policy: A review of key recommendations for arts language revisions. Arts Education Policy Review, 111(1), 8–15. Google Scholar Labaree, D. (2010). Someone has to fail: The zero-sum game of public schooling. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar Lewis, T. E., & Laverty, M. J. (2015). Introduction: Redistributing the artistic and pedagogical sensible. In T. E. Lewis & M. J. Laverty (Eds.), Art’s teachings, teaching’s art: Philosophical, critical and educational...

Сriminological crime prevention: the concept, the specifics, the structure, the object of precautionary influence

Problem setting. Crime is one of the oldest existing forms of social life, despite the burning desire of human to destroy it. World history persuades explicitly that cruel, inhumane punishment punishments are inefficient to prevent crime. It’s necessary to rebuild human behavior, and this is possible through the elimination of various stimuli that enhance human passions and lead to irrational, destructive behavior. Recent research and publications analysis. Theory of combating crime primarily through its prevention has been substantively enriched during XIX-XXI centuries through scientific works of domestic and foreign criminologists and other researchers, which laid the philosophical, sociological, moral, psychological, social, anthropological, organizational, managerial, economic, educational, penitentiary and other types of crime prevention (Yu. M. Antonyan, A. Herry, A. Quetelet, C. Lombroso, D. Drill, E. Durkheim, G. Tarde, E. Ferry, R. Garofalo, A. Kystyakivskyi, M. Gernet, A. Gertsenzon, E. Sutherland, N. Kuznetsov, V. Kudryavtsev, A. Sakharov, I. Karpets, A. Zelinsky, V. Dryomin, O. Tulyakov, O. Litvinov, A. Zakalyuk, V. Shakun, B. Golovkin etc.). Paper objective is providing a thorough analysis of a range of issues, related to the criminological crime prevention as an essential part of special criminological crime prevention. Paper main body. Crime is a complex social phenomenon whose causes and conditions are usually associated with a genetic predisposition to decline form normal behavior, along with the defects and imperfections of the society. Crime prevention is state social policy aimed at overcoming dangerous criminal contradictions in social relations in order to reach positive resolution and the gradual elimination (so-called general social prevention) along with proactive practice of combating criminal offenses at various stages. Crime prevention can be divided into several types: prevention in advance, restrictive prevention, eliminative prevention, protective prevention. Conclusions of the research. The research demonstrates that the theory of crime prevention is still incomplete, as well as the other doctrines of preventive impact. Some scientists only describe this problem without analysis or solving the relevant theoretical and practical problems. It is necessary to support the hypothesis of some criminologists that criminological prevention has to be placed in the competence of professionals who can act constructively, and combine verbal means and methods of practical solutions in the most efficient way.