ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ВИДЫ

Abstract

Abstract. The article deals with theoretical questions about the concept and prevention of crime. Topical issues of identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes of crime. The issues of detection and elimination of situations that motivate and provoke the commission of crimes are disclosed. The groups of increased criminal risk and reduction of this risk are described in order to adjust the impact on these persons who may commit a crime. Special attention is paid to the multilevel system of preventive measures, which identifies three types of general, special and individual. Each of them is disclosed with examples, processes of determination and causality of criminality and neutralization of negative phenomena. The focus is on the general preventive impact, which includes measures to improve health and create decent conditions for the formation and life of a person. The tasks of carrying out general preventive actions requiring significant investments in the sphere of social security, education and healthcare are described. As the author describes, these are measures related to the fight against inequality, poverty and discrimination. The issue has been carefully considered and another type of warning is a special warning aimed at influencing the processes of determination and causality of crime, which relate to individual groups, objects of encroachment or a specific person. This is a social process, the content of which is the regulation of people's behavior or social relations in order to eliminate various negative aspects that can cause the commission of crimes. The article describes the specific tasks of this prevention. Special prevention may also include not only the impact on a potential offender, but also victimological prevention. The description of the third type of prevention is presented as an individual warning, prevention, i.e. the impact directed at the personality, its negative traits and the environment that forms this personality. The concept of prevention includes early, immediate and relapse prevention. The article also reveals the issues of predictive methods that allow you to make predictions about the time and place in which the risk of committing a crime is high. But forecasts are not always real, since a computer program does not really know what will happen in the future, machines cannot yet replace people and forecasts do not necessarily automatically lead to a significant decrease in the crime rate, this is the author's opinion. Keywords: Crime prevention, prevention, general preventive impact, special warning, individual warning, situational warning, victimology, prognostic methods, latency.