Implementation Of Social Policies Research Articles

The ambiguity of diversity: Management of ethnic and class transitions in a gentrifying local shopping street

As a malleable concept with a relatively positive resonance, ‘diversity’ proves to be a useful tool to legitimise a range of policy strategies, goals and outcomes. In the Netherlands, the concept has gained a central role in the implementation of social mixing policies targeting so-called problematic neighbourhoods by introducing a better ‘mixed’ or ‘balanced’ population. The discursive celebration of such a mixed neighbourhood, however, often carefully evades the question: ‘A mix of what?’ Closer inspection of policy interventions reveals that the different meanings of diversity are employed to claim urban space for some groups, while excluding others. This is illustrated by a range of micro-management strategies in a shopping street in Amsterdam, Javastraat. Framed as promoting diversity, they form a symbolically loaded strategy to covertly manage ethnic and class transition by targeting the retail landscape. This article explores the (discursive) remaking of the shopping street and the consequences thereof for shopkeepers and local residents.

El ecologismo de los pobres y los conflictos de contenido ambiental: un debate teórico.

Desde fines de 1980 hasta la actualidad, la implementación de políticas sociales focalizadas en controlar y mitigar la pobreza de los sectores campesinos más vulnerables de América Latina, especialmente a través del desarrollo de emprendimientos extractivistas en sus territorios, no ha conseguido los resultados esperados por los gobiernos centrales, más bien, esto ha suscitado el descontento de estos actores. En consecuencia, esto ha contribuido a la formación y aparición de nuevos movimientos sociales en la escena pública que se han movilizado en contra de este tipo de emprendimientos. De manera paralela a estos conflictos, desde el mundo académico, y en especial desde la Ecología Política, se han planteado teorías que han generado propuestas para abordar este tipo de conflictos.

Revenue policy features as an important direction of social policy

The main provisions, essence and content of the revenue policy as a key part of the social policy of the state have been considered in the article. The author rightly notes, that the income policy is aimed at solving such important tasks as helping vulnerable groups of the population by resorting to the use of the social security system and leveling the inflationary processes that affect the income and savings of citizens. Various models of social regulation have been adduced, including the “Scandinavian” or “Swedish” model, monetarist, paternalistic, and others. The study have used various general scientific research methods: observation method, the systemic-functional method, method of synthesis and analysis, method of scientific abstraction.The main directions of improving the implementation of the state social policy, which is presented as a voluminous, multi-faceted process that has a complex structure and intersects with many other areas of state activity, have been proposed. The conclusion has been formulated, that society does not exist by itself, so the social sphere is in constant interaction with other spheres, such as production of material goods, politics, culture and the environment. It has been noted, that social policy is recognized as effective when the entire social sphere is at a high level, and the society clearly shows a positive response to the actions of the state. Thus, the broader is such a policy, the greater is the completeness of the covered areas, both explicit (the fight against poverty, social protection, etc.) and implicit (relations between social groups, motivation in society, etc.), the more effective is the overall functioning of the state as a whole.

Analyzing Social Policy from a Network Perspective

Governance models influence the approach that public service organizations take when implementing programs, policies, and practices. The networked model of governance supports the involvement of multiple actors who span organizational boundaries and roles to implement solutions to address complex social problems. This paper presents the utility of network analysis for the study of policy implementation from a network perspective. The paper describes networks within the context of social work policy implementation, basic network components, common structural variables, and sources of data for the study of policy implementation. A study of a statewide policy implementation is partially presented as an illustration of the use of network analysis in social policy research. The illustration uses primary and secondary data with network analysis techniques to identify and describe the patterns of interactions that comprise the structure of the implementation network. The illustration will present examples of the study findings to demonstrate the utility of network analysis in identifying central network actors and describing the density of the network according to different network variables. The paper concludes with a summary of the utility of network analysis in the study of policy implementation with recommendations for future research.

Implementing social policy in Brazil: an inter-contextual exploration of the exercise of discretion by street-level bureaucrats

An extensive international literature has considered the tension between policy direction and implementer discretion exercised by street-level bureaucrats (SLB). While a growing body of research in Brazil regarding the implementation of social policy broadly aligns with the international discourse that emphasizes the importance of SLB discretion in policy implementation, it also supports other research that reinforces the importance of rule following by SLB. By considering qualitative evidence from every Brazilian region, the current study adds to existing Brazilian research to identify the importance of collective SLB processes in determining implementation actions within the nation’s diverse local contexts. We suggest that the combined effect of policy frameworks and implementation inter-contextual factors combine to form a complex normative framework of social policy implementation that ultimately impacts SLB discretion in implementation settings. We also suggest the potential value of introducing the lens of “reflexive governance” in social policy design and analysis.

Strategies of Russian NGOs to engage in social policy implementation

Although the Russian regime considers civil society to be a threat to its authority, social NGOs are positively viewed by state institutions at all levels. Unlike human rights organisations and political activists, socially oriented third sector organisations are not typically criticised by the propaganda machine. On contrary, these NGOs currently play a crucial role in social policy implementation in Russia. By analysing the trajectories of state-third sector relations of 18 Saint-Petersburg-based non-governmental elderly care organisations, the article characterises three ways in which NGOs approach relationships with the state: NGOs which support state policy by being part of it, NGOs which supplement state policies in spheres the state fails to address appropriately, and NGOs which substitute for the state, in some cases exercising power over local state social services.

ГОСУДАРСТВО И НКО: АСПЕКТЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The article examines the features of interaction between the state and non-profit organizations, which are presented as the main institution of civil society, actively participating in the implementation of social policy. The characteristics of the main models of interaction between government bodies and NGOs are given. Using the example of the Vladimir region, an analysis of the features of the development of the non-profit sector of the region and the mechanisms of its support by regional authorities is carried out.

Social and market conditions for the development of the sports industry in Ukraine

The theoretical analysis of conditions of the sports industry development is carried out. An individual is a direct and main entity in the complex structure of the entities of social development and social policy implementation. The problems of social development and social policy cannot be solved without the conditions for self-realization of human capacity. Under modern conditions, there is a process of scientific knowledge specialization and establishment of scientific schools of research in the development of the sports industry and its impact on shaping a healthy society. Deepening economic reform significantly impacts the development of market relations in the sports industry in Ukraine, which is characterized by changes in ownership, forms of management, rules, methods of managing the sports industry, and quality of promoting a healthy lifestyle. Organizational, managerial, and economic activities in physical culture and sports are aimed at meeting the growing needs of the population in high-quality physical culture and health services that will promote human development, implementation of the European value system, and development of the sports industry. The generalized idea about the social and market-related mechanism of regional management is given. In conditions of fierce competition and rapidly changing situation, sports organizations must not only focus on the internal state of affairs but also develop a long-term strategy of behavior that would keep pace with changes in the environment. In the past, many organizations have been able to function successfully, focusing mainly on day-to-day operations, on internal issues related to improving the efficiency of resource management in current activities. However, now, although the task of rational use of capacity in current activities does not change, it is extremely important to implement the management, which ensures the adaptation of physical culture and sports organization to rapidly changing external conditions. The importance of an innovative approach to creating conditions for the development of physical culture and sports at the regional level is emphasized.

Современные проблемы реализации социальной и образовательной политики государства

Современные проблемы реализации социальной и образовательной политики государства

Human development in the informational economy: challenges to social policy

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy - education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy - migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital.

Рецензия на сборник документов «Челябинская губерния, 1919—1923 гг.: абрис истории»

The collection of documents “Chelyabinsk province, 1919—1923: the outline of history”, authored by the chief archaeographer of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region M. A. Bazanov, is dedicated to the initial years of the existence of an independent territorial-administrative unit — the Chelyabinsk province within the borders 1919—1923 years. Documents and materials placed in the publication reveal the process of formation of the Soviet governing bodies, party, Komsomol and trade union bodies. The diverse activities of the provincial structures to establish a peaceful life in areas of the Southern Urals liberated from the forces of Admiral A. V. Kolchak are highlighted. A significant place is given to the implementation of social and economic policies in cities and rural areas, the formation of law enforcement agencies, cultural and educational bodies, and religious policy. The collection is preceded by a review article prepared by Doctor of Historical Sciences Professor I. V. Narsky, equipped with a map and subscript biographical index.

A Holistic Sustainable Finance Model for the Sustainable Capital Market

This paper, has systematized the literature review, and with its critical view towards international and especially European sustainable finance policy and methodologies, has marked three important problems that affect up until today the design and implementation of environmental, social and sustainable policies in the sustainable financial performance of capital market. Environmental, social and sustainable performance measures, as well as the taxonomy system, the evaluation and notification of information that are related to the consequences of sustainable policies, represent a modern challenge for creating a completer methodology in the field of sustainable finance. In a practical level the challenge still remains: 1) if the policies, methodologies and researches in this category, allow researchers and financial stakeholders, as well as firms managers to follow and to evaluate sustainable finance in a reliable manner, 2) if the sustainable policies of firms are successful and recognized by the capital market. As every new scientific field, so “Sustainable Finance” must be framed with theories that should define the efficient operation of “Sustainable Market Capital” and get new holistic “Sustainable Finance model” created. The purpose of this paper is to define the theory of Sustainable Capital Market and the Holistic Sustainable Finance Models.

Features of financial maintenance of the cultural domain in Ukraine

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy – education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy – migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital.

ОСНОВНІ ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ У СФЕРІ БУДІВНИЦТВА СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЖИТЛА

The governments of the countries use the solutions to improve the living conditions of the citizens as an important tool in the pursuit of social goals in society. After all, the level of providing citizens with adequate living conditions indicates the success of the public policy. This indicator is even more informative and sensitive to citizens than the economic growth indicator of the country according to official government statistics. Therefore, if the level of well-being of the population is defined as high, then it can be measured that the problem of providing housing for its citizens is not the most acute among all others. Unfortunately, for Ukraine, where there have been huge queues for housing for over 30 years, the issue of housing for poor and most vulnerable citizens is extremely painful. However, in many European countries, the housing system for citizens has long been regulated and established, and governments are taking an active part in this process. Therefore, state regulation of investment processes in housing construction for socially vulnerable citizens is of utmost importance and should become one of the priority directions of the state policy of Ukraine. And from a cognitive perspective, finding ways to solve these problems is of great public and scientific interest. At present, the problem of construction of social housing is exacerbated by the imperfection of the financial and credit system, the process of centralization of construction, reconstruction and maintenance of housing stock, restrictions in the allocation of land and construction of individual housing, the lack of stimulating factors in addressing housing issues. That is why the implementation of social housing policy should help to create conditions for improving the quality of life of the population through the introduction of social standards, the formation of an optimal network of social infrastructure institutions, targeted investment in their further development and improving the quality of construction services.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ

For more than six years, forced internal displacement has remained one of the main challenges and priorities of Ukraine's public policy. Under the difficult conditions of forced relocation, the state has a number of obligations to strengthen the protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons. Social cohesion is one of the basic doctrines of modern society. It involves the active participation of the population in solving pressing problems of life, in overcoming social isolation and social disintegration. An organic component of the latter is the system of social protection of internally displaced persons in the context of decentralization of power in eastern Ukraine, adequate to the nature of the functioning and development of market relations. The article substantiates the theoretical aspects of the implementation of state social security policy in the decentralization of power, the conceptual basis for choosing a national model of economic development of the economic system in the context of the social component of state policy (the state of parameters of socio-economic model of national economy). functioning of the modern economic system, the genesis of the modern model of the global economy) and methodological approaches to determining the needs and basic determinants of formation, development of social protection in specific historical conditions, as a form of socialization of the global economy (public policy expands its format to the system of providing social services as an attribute of the national economic system, reflecting the level of their socialization); analyzed the current state of the national economic system (in terms of deformation of the socio-economic subsystem, the risks of deepening social inequality) and identified social risks inherent in modern society, which allows you to choose the most effective measures to counteract the negative consequences; proposed a mechanism for regulating the implementation of social support for vulnerable groups, the functions of social protection institutions according to the appropriate classification (such structure clearly identifies their role in regulating social reproduction on the basis of complementary combination, reducing the risks of possible decline in living standards in crisis) and government action programs for overcoming the crisis in the country, taking into account regional problems of social protection, which will overcome the social disintegration of social insecurity of internally displaced persons and ensure equal access to social services in an inclusive development of the national economic system in eastern Ukraine.

Implementation Processes of Social Protection Policy in Indonesia: Study of Prakerja Card Program

In recent decades, in Indonesia, there have been many social protection policies as social and political agendas that are not public knowledge in the form of “Kartu Sakti”. One of the magic cards that are very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic is the Prakerja card. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of implementing the Grindle theory (2017) involving interest actors. The research method was carried out qualitatively by using secondary data which was analyzed in depth. The results show that the grindle theory includes Content of Policy and Content of Implementation in the social protection policy implementation process of the Prakerja card program, there are problems and are difficult to implement properly by the implementers, this causes the real purpose of social protection policies has not shown the impact on community welfare during the COVID -19 pandemic compared to other social protection policy programs on target. in addition, the actors of the Prakerja card program have different interests and goals from both the implementor and the recipient side. The Indonesian government is obliged to evaluate and take strategic and regulatory action in the form of pra Kerja program innovation as a long-term priority scale to avoid any gap in the process of implementing social protection policies that adversely affect the welfare of the Indonesian community.

Decodification VS recodification of the labor legislation of Ukraine

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of urgent problems arising in the process of reforming labor legislation in Ukraine with a view to its liberalization. In connection with the introduction of the draft Labor Law, register for consideration by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, No. 2708 dated 12/28/2019, the author focuses the attention on the question regarding the form of the main legislative act in the field of labor in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to find out the differences between the forms of systematization of legislation, in particular, codification, recodification and decoding, and to justify taking into account the peculiarities of the national legal system, which of these types is the most appropriate in the process of reforming the labor legislation in Ukraine. Results. The codification of legislation is primary in relation to other legal phenomena, as it underlies decodification and recodification. The codification is an independent and complete form of systematization of legislation, which can be replaced by decodification or recodification only in certain cases. The latter are completely opposite to each other and are directly dependent on codification, since the absence of a codified act makes them impossible. Recodification is a form of refinement of a codified act, a kind of tool for eliminating gaps in the legal regulation of a particular sphere of public relations. The existence of a codified act in the sphere of work for Ukraine is a legal tradition. The reform of labor law must be done with due regard to the fact that labor law is, among other things, a special tool for the implementation of social policy of the state and an independent branch of law, which is fundamentally different from other branches (civil, administrative) in its subject, method, the functions and principles of legal regulation. The comprehensive and systematic reform of the entire branch of labor law should be carried out through its recodification, that is, the adoption of a new modern Labor Code of Ukraine or Labor Code, which will concentrate most direct labor rules of labor, while maintaining the most fundamental provisions of current legislative and regulatory acts, which justified themselves terms. Conclusions. Modernizing the labor legislation of Ukraine in the form of its recodification is the most optimal option for further independent development of the labor law branch in the legal system of Ukraine.

Роль соціальних стандартів у соціальній політиці країни

The article is aimed at defining the role of social standards in the formation of social policy of the country. The peculiarities of interpretation of social policy in scientific literature are analyzed, key agents of the social policy interaction are identified as follows: economic policy, health policy, education and fiscal policy. Education policy provides the economy with human capital and thereby creates preconditions for economic development. Economic policy interacts with social policy in terms of distribution of access to goods, services and resources, as well as in terms of providing employment. In turn, fiscal policy carries out the secondary distribution of income through transfers. Social policy, aside from social protection of the population, aims to create conditions for access to education and services of the health care system. The structure of social standards and guarantees enshrined in the Law of Ukraine «On the State Social Standards and the State Social Guarantees» is considered in terms of definitions of terms, aim and purpose. A brief overview of the world practice of implementation of social welfare programs is specified, in the development of which social standards are taken into account, as well as existing approaches to the formation of social security in Ukraine. As a result of the carried out research, it was found that through preventive, restorative and compensatory interventions, social security allows beneficiaries to maintain their standard of living, find work or improve their own prospects in the labor market, as well as create conditions for social integration and preservation of physical and mental health. In this context, social standards are the criteria for the need for intervention and play the role of the norm on the amount of interference for the implementation of social policy of the State. On the other hand, social standards can act as targeted benchmarks of this policy, agreed with the goals of the country’s development.

Проблеми фінансування сфери соціального захисту населення в Україні

The article explores the problems and prospects of further reforming and improving financial support for social protection of the population in Ukraine. The modern problems of financing the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine are identified and ways to overcome them are outlined. The analysis of expenses of the consolidated budget of Ukraine for education in 2010-2018 is carried out. It has been revealed that the most significant source of financing for healthcare institutions is the funds of state and local budgets, while funds received from other sources are only an additional financial resource. Therefore, the main form of financial support for the health sector is budget financing. It is determined that the source of financing social security is the budget and extrabudgetary sources. The types of sources of financing social security are given. It is proved that one of the significant obstacles to the effective implementation of social policy in our country is the insufficient level of its financial support, combined with the irrational planning, distribution and inefficient use of available financial resources. The dynamics of the size of the main state social standards of Ukraine in 2014-2019 is presented. An analysis of the data showed that the size of the minimum pension in Ukraine is several times less than the value of the minimum consumer basket, which is the basis for determining the level of the living wage and, in fact, the level of the living wage. Such an imbalance indicates an extremely low level of social protection of the country's population. A set of measures is proposed to solve the problems of financing the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine. The main directions of ensuring high-quality social protection of the population of Ukraine are determined.

Social Risks as a Factor of Regulation of the System of Social Protection of the Population in Ukraine

The article classifies social risks into traditional and non-traditional and their impact on the regulation of the social protection system in Ukraine. The modern problems of financing the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine are revealed and the ways of their overcoming are outlined. The dynamics of arrears of wages in Ukraine and the dynamics of real disposable income of the population of Ukraine for 2005-2018 are presented. It is proved that one of the significant obstacles to the effective implementation of social policy in our country is the insufficient level of its financial support in combination with irrational planning, distribution and inefficient use of available financial resources. Respondents’ assessment of the degree of impact of traditional and non-traditional social risks on the social protection of citizens is presented. It is determined that the progressive and dynamic development of Ukraine today can focus on the socialization of the economic system with full consideration of the needs, interests of the population, its incentives for productive work to realize their own professional potential, comprehensive development, receiving a decent reward for work.