Social Life Of People Research Articles

What role does substance use play in the social world of Australian people who have experienced homelessness? A critical realist mixed‐methods exploration

AbstractSubstance use is prevalent amongst Australians who have experienced homelessness, but the social impacts of using substances amongst this group are poorly understood. This study uses a relational and critical realist approach to understand the role of substance use on the social lives of people with lived experience of homelessness. A mixed‐methods design was used to explore this question and assess the experiences of people who have exited homelessness. Recruiting across services catering to marginalised populations, 110 participants completed a cross‐sectional survey. Findings showed substance use both socially connected and disconnected participants, and that attempting abstinence required participants to negotiate and alter their social networks. To participants, being a substance “user,” or “non‐user,” was a social identity that they actively negotiated to facilitate competing social, psychological and material/embodied needs. Participants chose to engage and not engage with others to craft a social identity they valued, which had the sometimes‐negative side‐effect of limiting potential relationships, leaving users feeling isolated from their non‐users and a continued imperative to keep using. The impacts of substance use on social networks were similar for currently and formerly homeless participants, suggesting transitioning into housing may not immediately prompt a reduction in substance use or influence from substance‐using peers. Interventions with substance users with lived experience of homelessness would benefit from taking a social identity approach that incorporates an understanding of the material/embodied aspects of addiction to provide a holistic model of care that best supports the relational needs of the client.

Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Expectativas de Rechazo Social (ERS)

El desempeño social de los individuos se ve influido por expectativas que personas tienen sobre el resultado de su conducta, ya que permiten anticipar el futuro y planificar cursos de acción. Las expectativas de rechazo social son definidas como pensamientos que anticipan la posibilidad de ser rechazado en una situación interpersonal y cuando son muy frecuentes pueden traer aparejado un sinnúmero de dificultades en la vida social de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir la Escala de Expectativas de Rechazo Social (ERS) para población adulta. En primer lugar, se confeccionaron 51 ítems preliminares que fueron sometidos a juicio de expertos (N = 6) para obtener evidencia de validez de contenido. En segundo lugar, utilizando muestreo accidental, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio (N = 320) y confirmatorio (N= 458). Como resultado se obtuvo una escala final compuesta por 27 ítems distribuidos en tres factores interpretados como Expectativas de rechazo ante situaciones con vínculos establecidos, Expectativas de rechazo en situaciones de establecimiento de nuevos vínculos y Expectativas de rechazo en lugares públicos y ante desconocidos. Se evaluó la consistencia interna de la escala, obteniendo coeficientes muy buenos y excelentes para cada factor (de .71 a .88). Finalmente, se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas significativas entre las escalas del test y diferentes medidas de ansiedad social. Se puede concluir que la ERS es un instrumento válido y confiable para la evaluación de las expectativas de rechazo social en población adulta, resultando una herramienta de utilidad en investigación y diagnóstico.

ESTABLISHING HEALTHY AND ACTIVE AGEING POLICIES IN POLAND, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND BULGARIA

Central and Eastern European populations are entering a period of rapid aging. Older people are experiencing numerous problems associated with deteriorating health and functional limitations, creating pressure for adequate response from the state’s health and social policy. The article is based on information collected in the two international projects: CEQUA LTC Network and Pro-Health 65+ and its goal is to review policies on healthy and active aging formulated in recent decades in three countries: Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Poland. The health promotion programs in these countries are aimed at improving the health and well-being of the population, referring to the concept of healthy aging in relation to health risks, prevention of chronic diseases and disability in old age. At the same time, in the social sector, strategies and programs were brought to life referring to the concept of active aging, underlying the need for participation of older people in social life, creation of an elderly friendly environment and development of services supporting older people. Implementation of these policies and programmes is affected by limited financial resources, low awareness of the problems of the older population in local communities, and lack of local resources to create the appropriate infrastructure. The effectiveness of programs’ implementation is also influenced by the sectoral nature of programmes and poor intersectoral cooperation.

Development of Communicative Functions in Normal Persian-speaking Children from 12 to 18 Months of Age: A Longitudinal Study

Objective: Communication can affect the personal and social life of people. According to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), communication is one of the most important components of social participation and can have different functions such as behavior regulation (regulating the behavior of others to achieve a particular goal), social interaction (drawing attention of others to the self) and joint attention (attracting the attention of others to an event or particular object). Having knowledge of the development of communicative functions is so important in assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and early intervention. Despite the importance and effect of communicative functions in language and communication development, no study has been conducted yet that examines the communicative function development of normal Persian-speaking toddlers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of communicative functions in normal Persian-speaking children from 12 to 18 months of age, regardless of communicative expressions (such as gestures, vocalization, and words). Materials & Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study. The communicative function of 11 monolingual Persian-speaking 12-month-old children (7 boys and 4 girls) living in Tehran, Iran was investigated for 7 months. Sampling was done by using purposive and snowball non-probability sampling methods. All children had healthy medical history and normal growth, were from a family with a moderate socioeconomic status, and their parents had at least a high school diploma. The participants’ developmental status was assessed by Ages and Stages Questionnaire. A demographic form with acceptable content validity was also used to determine their demographic characteristics. For 7 months (once a month, each session for one hour), the examiner filmed the child-mother interaction during a semi-structured play with a set of toys at the child’s home. Afterwards, the recorded videos were coded according by the researcher and then entered into the SPSS V. 22 software. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of data distribution, and repeated measures ANOVA (within-subject comparison) was used to analyze the data. Two raters were taught about the coding and rating of the communicative functions. To verify the validity of the data coding, 20% of the recorded samples were given to them to code communicative functions. The coding validity was determined by calculating the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: The mean frequency of behavior regulation and social interaction was constant from 12 to 18 months of age (P<0.05), while the mean frequency of joint attention was constant from 12 to 15 months of age (P<0.05) and then significantly increased at months 16 (P= 0.019), 17 (P= 0.023) and 18 (P= 0.003) compared to the 12th month. The ICC value as the criterion for coding validity was reported 90%. Conclusion: The mean frequency of joint attention increased significantly from 12 to 18 months of age, while it was constant for behavior regulation and social interaction. Our findings are consistent with the ICF’s social participation, stating that a child uses a particular type of communicative function to increase its participation in the society.

Perubahan Tari Rentak Kudo Dalam Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat

This research has a purpose to identify: the impact of changing kudo ritual dance traditions in the social life of people in the village of debai jambi province. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. Sources ie primary data submitted by informants, data sources taken in the form of written notes coming from informants who were interviewed, documentation and literature study. The research findings reveal that the change of kudo rentak tradition in the social life of society in Debai village of Jambi Province has social and moral impact such as the behavior of less polite when dancing, drinking behavior, fights between youth when danced by kudo rentak dance, disturbance of society with Loud music. The social control of the village and community governments is so weak that they are unable to minimize the impact of the tradition.

Biologiczne podstawy psychoterapii. W poszukiwaniu ewolucyjnego paradygmatu

In the article, the author discusses the results of research in modern biology, ethology and brain sciences that are related to phenomena observed in psychotherapy. From the proposed combination emerges a common search area for these various fields of knowledge, which is research on the affective and social life of people and other animals. Taking this into account, the author proposes that the theory of evolution may be the common point of reference and cooperation for these fields of knowledge. At the same time, he draws attention to the fact, that the psychodynamic approach, probably mainly the concept proposed by O.F. Kernberg and his team, most fully refers to the discussed phenomena.

Impacts of Customer Psychology Analysis on Insurance Marketing Models and Strategies

<p>In recent years, China's insurance industry is developing rapidly and China has become the world's second largest insurance market. As a modern service-oriented industry, insurance is undergoing a transition from a large-scale to a competitive industry and plays an increasingly significant role in people's social life. From the perspective of traditional insurance marketing, this article analyses the features of insurance products and the models and current status of insurance marketing. It explores the existing problems in traditional and internet insurance marketing and provides suggestions for improving the models and strategies of insurance marketing based on customer psychology.</p>

Assessing drought from satellite data to support agricultural production

Drought is one of the disasters causing the problems to the economy and social life of people, especially where agriculture is the main source of income. The paper presents the results of studying the application of optical satellite images to investigate the drought situation for the southern part of Binh Phuoc province for perennial cropland, the main agricultural crop of the province. The image used is Landsat 8 of the dry season month 2015. The method of drought assessment is based on the relationship of surface temperature, and the Normalization Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) integrated into the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index TVDI. In particular, the NDVI index is determined from the red and near-infrared bands, and the surface temperature is determined from the thermal infrared band of Landsat 8 images. The results show that the whole area of southern Binh Phuoc has drought area accounting for 54.9% of the total area, of which the majority is mild drought level 38.3%, high and serious level is 16.7%. About the area of perennial land has drought area accounted for 33.76% of the total area, of which Dong Xoai town has the highest percentage of drought-affected areas compare to other districts. The results of the study aimed to identify drought areas with different levels so that managers can promptly take measures to protect agricultural crops and to ensure people's livelihoods in the global climate change trend seriously affecting the localities today.

SEIR-Based COVID-19 Transmission Model and Inflection Point Prediction Analysis

The COVID-19 has severely affected the country, and people's social and economic lives have been greatly disrupted. Based on the complex network theory, a SEIR dynamic model of the COVID-19 epidemic with a latency period is established in this paper. By setting three scenarios of different incubation periods of the virus, based on national and partial epidemic data, the model parameters are simulated and analyzed for different scenarios. The inflection points of the three cases are predicted, and the results showed that the model analysis is basically consistent with the true performance of the epidemic development. Finally, the paper concludes with specific countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the prevention and control of the epidemic.

Towards a socially situated rumouring: Historical and critical perspectives of rumour transmission

AbstractRumours are an ubiquitous feature of people's social life and one of the oldest topics in social psychology. Rumours, which tend to spread during crisis situations, allow people to mitigate unpleasant feelings and construct a meaning of the surrounding world. Rumour transmission has been associated with a number of specific individual (e.g., anxiety, personal involvement) and situational (e.g., ambiguity, uncertainty) characteristics and studied with the serial reproduction paradigm (Allport & Postman, 1947) in laboratory settings. The main criticism of rumour research has been its focus on primarily individual‐level analyses in an attempt to explain a social phenomenon. Furthermore, the classic serial reproduction paradigm tends to omit the essential properties of interpersonal interactions and communication processes. Despite the recent and rapidly growing trend of social network methods in social and behavioural sciences, rumour research could also include a finer analysis of individuals' social characteristics and the related complexity of real‐life communication processes. Therefore, the integration of a socially situated approach to rumour transmission might be especially relevant for rumour research and promising for the study of other social phenomena by extension.

Taking charge of one's feelings: Sense of power and affect regulation

People who can effectively regulate their feelings benefit from more desirable affective lives. Here we examine whether individual differences in chronic feelings of power are associated with regulatory efforts aimed at maintaining positive affect and ceasing negative affect. In Study 1, we found that people with a stronger (vs. weaker) sense of power were more inclined to cognitively re-frame (reappraise) and up-regulate (repair) their affective experiences, whilst also being less inclined to suppress their feelings. Drawing on affective experiences sampled repeatedly over a one-week period, in Study 2 we found that people with a stronger (vs. weaker) sense of power were more likely to cease their negative affect. However, a stronger (vs. weaker) sense of power was not associated with the likelihood to maintain positive affect. Together, the findings highlight a novel domain in which power may enhance self-regulation, and help explain how power differentials shape people's affective and social lives.

Member Behavior in Dynamic Online Communities: Role Affiliation Frequency Model

People's social life has become more embedded in dynamic online communities. Each online community can be viewed as a temporal online social network (OSN). The interaction level among OSN members leads to the emergence of dynamic social roles, which change and evolve over time, creating a sequence of temporal roles. These role sequences show diversity in the role-affiliation frequency of members. That diversity enables modeling the dynamic behaviors of individuals. This paper proposes a temporal role-affiliation frequency model (RAFM) which detects the time evolving roles of each member and analyzes her/his role-affiliation frequency to infer her/his latent behavior. Applying the RAFM to real interaction data, collected in four online communities, revealed the identity of influential members. In addition, members with similar temporal behavioral patterns were found to have similar latent behavior patterns. These patterns are manifested via similar role transitions in different OSNs whose temporal interaction rhythms were compatible. These two research findings contribute to OSN research and knowledge via improved understanding of member behavior online based on role-affiliation frequency and role transitions. Thus, member latent behavior can be inferred, and influential members can be identified.

The General Factor of Personality and daily social experiences: Evidence for the social effectiveness hypothesis

Using data from the Berlin diary study (N = 1223), we examined associations between the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and daily social experiences, self-esteem, and mood (positive and negative affect). As predicted, high-(vs. low) GFP individuals reported fewer daily interpersonal conflicts, better relationship quality, and better impressions on others. Also, relationship quality and daily impressions both mediated the relation between the GFP and mood and self-esteem. Multilevel analyses showed that, compared to low-GFP participants, high-GFP participants seemed less disturbed when experiencing conflict. In sum, the results were in line with the notion of the GFP as social effectiveness, with important consequences for people's daily social life and well-being.

PENGARUH TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA 3-4 TAHUN DI KB KARTIKA KEPUNDUNGAN SRONO BANYUWANGI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018-2019

Based on preliminary observations at KB Kartika, it was found that the independence of toileting at KB Kartika was still quite low. Considering the importance of self-reliance in toilet and considering the potential that based on PERMENDIKBUD No. 137 of 2014 children aged 3-4 years have been able to say 5-6 words, this study takes the formulation of the problem of how the influence of toilet training on the independence of children aged 3-4 years in KB Kartika Kepundungan Srono Banyuwangi. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of toilet training on the independence of children aged 3-4 years in KB Kartika Kepundungan srono Banyuwangi. This type of research used in this study is field research, which is a study of the reality of people's social lives directly. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The validity of the data uses triangulation of techniques and sources. The results of this study are that there is an influence of toilet training on the independence of the toilet of children aged 3-4 years at KB Kartika under the Srono Banyuwangi. The improvement that occurs every child is different. However, overall all children experience an increase in independence after toilet training.

Investigation on human rights ethics in artificial intelligence researches with library literature analysis method

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to identify whether artificial intelligence (AI) products can possess human rights, how to define their rights and obligations and what ethical standards they should follow. In this study, the human rights ethical dilemma encountered in the application and development of AI technology has been focused on and analyzed in detail in the light of the existing research status of AI ethics. Design/methodology/approach In this study, first of all, the development and application of AI technology, as well as the concept and characteristics of human rights ethics, are introduced. Second, the human rights ethics of AI technology are introduced in detail, including the human rights endowment of AI machines, the fault liability of AI machines and the moral orientation of AI machines. Finally, the approaches to human rights ethics are proposed to ensure that AI technology serves human beings. Every link of its research, production and application should be strictly managed and supervised. Findings The results show that the research in this study can provide help for the related problems encountered in AI practice. Intelligent library integrates human rights protection organically so that readers or users can experience more intimate service in this system. It is a kind of library operation mode with more efficient and convenient characteristics, which is based on digital, networked and intelligent information science. It aims at using the greenest way and digital means to realize the reading and research of human rights protection literature in the literature analysis method. Originality/value Intelligent library is the future development mode of new libraries, which can realize broad interconnection and sharing. It is people-oriented and can make intelligent management and service and establish the importance of the principle of human rights protection and the specific idea of the principle. The development of science and technology brings not only convenience to people's social life but also questions to be thought. People should reduce its potential harm, so as to make AI technology continue to benefit humankind.

'A level playing field': Young people's experiences of wheelchair basketball as an enabling place.

Using a novel case-study of a youth wheelchair basketball team in Auckland, New Zealand, we investigate the experiences of young people with physical disabilities in recreational sports places. We consider the 'enabling places' created by this sport, which can enhance disabled young people's wellbeing and social inclusion. Semi-structured interviews with the team's players and coordinators revealed logistical and societal challenges associated with facilitating youth-oriented sports, as well as those encountered by team members personally. They also identified physical health and social benefits experienced through involvement in wheelchair basketball. The material, social and affective dimensions of participants' experiences of wheelchair basketball elucidate the capacity for the sport, and its team members and settings, to affirm young people's identity and place-in-the-world. We conclude that youth-specific, inclusive sports generate enabling places that enhance young people's social inclusion, wellbeing and life enjoyment.

Social media and children: what is the paediatrician's role?

Social media use has become an integral part of children's and adolescents' lives. It has become a novel way of interaction among people and influences people's social lives and public opinion as well as people's purchasing decisions and businesses. Any website or platform that allows social interaction is considered to be a social media site. Social media use among children in 25 European countries has been reported to be 38% among 9-12year olds and 77% among those aged 13-16years. All these children report having their own profile on at least one social network site. While social networking provides children and adolescents with many opportunities and benefits, it also carries many risks. Among the benefits are socialization and communication enhancement, improving learning skills, positive impact on education and getting health information. Potential risks of social media use include falsifying age and identity, cyberbullying, sexting, Facebook depression, gamification, glamourization, cyberostracism and sleep disturbances.Conclusion: Paediatricians play a vital role in promoting the physical, mental and social welfare of all children. There is a critical need for paediatricians to play an active role, guiding children and families appropriately through the impact of social networking, in order to become a real driver of children's development.

Social Eating and Parkinson's Disease (PD): Eating Difficulties and Stigma Are Associated With Reduced Social Participation

Abstract Date Presented 04/05/19 People with PD who have eating difficulties and experience stigma may avoid social eating and reduce their overall social participation. This study presents a conceptual model of social eating in PD and the results of a secondary data analysis. OTs should consider the impact of eating difficulties upon the social lives of people with PD, and future work should focus on intervention approaches to optimize the social eating experience. Primary Author and Speaker: Amber Murray-Smith Contributing Authors: Michael Stevenson, Linda Tickle-Degnen

НАЦІОНАЛІЗМ У ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ:

Розглядаються ідейні дискусії щодо «прагматичного націоналізму», з великою самооцінкою, але й розумним ставленням до інших національностей. Вивчається громадянське суспільство як чинник глобального обговорення націоналізму та параметри, якими воно характеризується. Розкриваються особливості відродження політичних ідеологій, які відбуваються на основі розробки нової економічної стратегії альтерглобалізму та ідентифікації нових еволюційних соціальних груп. Встановлюються особливості нелінійних зворотних зв'язків, жорсткі причинно-наслідкові залежності (жорсткий детермінізм) у політичному процесі. Обговорюється вплив поширення у політичному процесі форм прямої демократії. Вивчаються властивості критики сучасного націоналізму стосовно поняття «нація» та за критеріїв визначення національності людини. Досліджується досягнення прагматичного громадянського націоналізму, який має об’єднати етнічні спільноти навколо спільного успішного політичного майбутнього.

A Novel Method to Detect Public Health in Online Social Network Using Graph-based Algorithm

INTRODUCTION: Twitter has played an important role in the social life of people. The health-related tweets are extracted and find the spread of epidemic disease on network. It can provide as a starting place of individual data to learn the physical condition of users.OBJECTIVES: Key objective is to develop graph-based algorithm to detect public health in online social network.METHODS: The proposed method collect the tweets relating to general health in twitter using the min-cut algorithm. The algorithm finds the minimum cut off an undirected edge-weighted graph. The runtime of the algorithm seems to be faster than other graph algorithms. Min-cut is reliable and good in network optimization and prevents redundancy.RESULTS: To evaluate the performance, we utilize the health dataset on the detection of epidemic disease. The proposed method using a graph-based algorithm is the best in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. With respect to the confusion matrix, Min-cut provides the highest true positive when compared to Text rank and K-Means algorithm.CONCLUSION: Proposed health detection method using graph-based algorithm is better than Text Rank and K-Means in all aspects.