Social Foundations Research Articles

Social Cohesion of Kampong Lorong Buangkok: Community Amidst Singaporean Industrialization

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of the Malay community living in Kampong Lorong Buangkok, the last village in Singapore's Hougang area. This community is intriguing due to its preservation of customs, traditions, and a simplified economic system amidst Singapore's rapid industrial development. The study utilizes in-depth interviews with current residents of Kampong Lorong Buangkok and reveals their steadfast commitment to upholding Malay traditions as a social foundation. Residents persist in maintaining a traditional economy designed to promote unity and support productive community life. This economic system functions to enhance social unity, assisting the residents in coping with Singapore's high cost of living. The robust social cohesion within the community has enabled Kampong Lorong Buangkok to persist despite political tensions and the encroaching pressures of rapid Singaporean industrialization that jeopardize the village's survival.

Academic Supervivencia and Sesi Irekani: Refusing, Reimagining, and Rearticulating Decolonization in the Social Foundations of Education

The American Educational Studies Association (AESA) was established in 1968 in a context of both local and global social justice movements. The AESA’s mission and ongoing commitment to the analysis of education and society with underlying liberal activist aims has been ongoing since. Although AESA and its membership have been critiqued and questioned for their larger impact in the field, especially in its disconnect between university academics and pk-12 teachers, the original charge and purpose has largely remained. This address seeks to put a spotlight on the foundations of the social foundations of education and by extension AESA by using settler colonial and structural racism frames to examine the enduring problematics of how academia and academic enterprises are, as Quechua scholar Sandy Grande would say, “an arm of the settler state” (p. 47). Namely, I ask, how does AESA and the field of social foundations of education advance settler futurity? However, most importantly, I will also engage, how can AESA, the field and its membership engage in anti-colonial and anti-racist self-reflection and work toward decolonizing the organization and the work that we do as faculty members in this field? To engage in this process of reflexive praxis, I will use Grande’s concept of academic survivance, which includes operating beyond the boundaries set up for us by the institution and toward “an active presence in society and the academy” (p. 12). I slightly modify survivance with Chicana feminist scholar, Ruth Trinidad-Galvan’s concept of supervivencia, which also emphasizes beyond mere survival but from the perspective of Mexican campesinas “left behind” in a context of neoliberal extractivist dislocation. Finally, I draw from my P’urhépecha community ancestry a concept also common throughout many Indigenous communities, Sesi Irekani, el buen vivir, or “the good life.” I will argue that by centering a reflexive praxis based on these saberes-haceres we can refuse, reimagine, and rearticulate a relational comunalidad that unsettles the settler within and recon/figures an alter/Native charge and decolonial practice.

The dual-process approach to human sociality: Meta-analytic evidence for a theory of internalized heuristics for self-preservation.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 126(5) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2025-05381-001). The last entry in the Roch et al. (2000) row in Table 3 should appear instead as load decreases taking. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Which social decisions are influenced by intuitive processes? Which by deliberative processes? The dual-process approach to human sociality has emerged in the last decades as a vibrant and exciting area of research. Yet a perspective that integrates empirical and theoretical work is lacking. This review and meta-analysis synthesizes the existing literature on the cognitive basis of cooperation, altruism, truth telling, positive and negative reciprocity, and deontology and develops a framework that organizes the experimental regularities. The meta-analytic results suggest that intuition favors a set of heuristics that are related to the instinct for self-preservation: people avoid being harmed, avoid harming others (especially when there is a risk of harm to themselves), and are averse to disadvantageous inequalities. Finally, this article highlights some key research questions to further advance our understanding of the cognitive foundations of human sociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The social foundations of racial inequalities in arrest over the life course and in changing times

AbstractAlthough racial disparities in criminal justice contact are long‐standing and the subject of continuing public debate, few studies have linked early‐life social conditions to racial disparities in arrest over the life course and in changing times. In this article, we advance and test a theoretical model of racial inequality in long‐term arrest histories on a representative sample of nearly 1,000 individuals from multiple birth cohorts in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Large Black–White disparities in arrests from ages 10 to 40 arise from racial inequalities in exposure to cumulative childhood advantages and disadvantages rather than from race‐specific effects. Smaller but meaningful Hispanic–White gaps follow a similar pattern, and the same explanations of racial disparities hold across different offense types and across birth cohorts who came of age at different times during 1995 to 2021. These findings indicate that inequalities in early‐life structural factors, which themselves are historically shaped, trigger processes of cumulative advantage and disadvantage that produce racial disparities in arrests over the life course and that persist across different points in contemporary history.

Developing a Curriculum for Non-Native Speakers of Arabic: Employing Thuaimah's Model as a Prototype

Developing a Curriculum for Non-Native Speakers of Arabic: Employing Thuaimah's Model as a Prototype

A Study on the Culture and Values of the Westward Migration Festival of the Sibe Ethnic Group in China

The Westward Migration Festival presents the image of the patriotic historical feat of the Sibe people’s westward migration to Xinjiang and garrisoning of the frontier through sacrificial ceremonies such as the sacrifice of Karun and the public sacrifice of Tibet, as well as celebratory activities such as the Zhulun Hulanbi, the Beilun dance, the archery competition, and the goat-carrying competition. Its cultural space reproduces the historical memory of the ethnicity, illustrates the patriotic dedication of the ethnic groups, the mentality of harmony and coexistence, and the sense of self-reliance and self-existence, and plays a role in enhancing the cultural memory of the ethnic and consolidating the consensus of the ethnic culture. Through the benign interaction of festivals, the ideological foundation is laid for the construction of the Chinese ethnic community consciousness in the western border areas, the value norms are provided, and the social foundation is stabilized.

Analysis of the Ministry of Religion's Program in Realizing Religious Moderation in Bantul Regency Society (Peter L. Berger's Social Construction Perspective)

Religious moderation is essential to prevent conflict in a diverse society. This study analyzes the program of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bantul Regency using Peter L. Berger's social construction theory. Field research with a qualitative approach found that religious moderation is formed through three social dialectic processes: externalization, namely the adaptation of individuals to the social structure of religious moderation through religious texts and figures; objectivation, namely the development of awareness of moderation as a positive action through tradition and institutionalization; and internalization, namely the identification of individuals in the socio-cultural context that forms inclusive and exclusive groups. The program of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bantul Regency plays an important role in building a social foundation that supports religious moderation in Bantul.

Factors of influence on the formation, condition and efficiency of resource management of enterprises in the hospitality industry

The article is devoted to systematizing influencing factors in the formation, condition, and efficiency of resource management in hospitality enterprises. The study's purpose, which is to determine the factors influencing the formation, state, and efficiency of resource management in enterprises in the hospitality industry, is urgent and pressing. Studying factors affecting the formation, state, and efficiency of using enterprises' resources in the hospitality industry is highly relevant and promising. Investigating these factors can help hospitality businesses improve resource efficiency, which can lead to lower costs and increased profits; improve the quality of services and meet the changing needs of customers; increase your competitiveness on the market; increase resilience to economic and geopolitical shocks; to become more environmentally and socially responsible. Considering the evolution of scientific knowledge and the variety of approaches to defining the essence of the concept of «resources», we notice that there is no officially accepted statement. The insufficient research on this concept and the need for further research into the content of the concept of «resources of hospitality industry enterprises» are apparent. Therefore, within the framework of the conducted research, it is proposed to define the statement «resources of hospitality industry enterprises» as a set of interrelated natural, material, intangible, financial, labor, time, and information factors, which, when interacting with each other and taking into account the influence of factors of the external and internal environment ensure the smooth operation of hospitality industry enterprises to obtain maximum profit, taking into account the economic, environmental and social foundations. Since in the proposed interpretation for the uninterrupted operation of hospitality industry enterprises, attention is focused on the economically, ecologically, and socially effective use of six types of resources, considering the influence of external and internal environmental factors, the next stage of the study will be the determination of the theoretical foundations of the effective use of resources of hospitality industry enterprises. Keywords: efficiency, use of resources, enterprises, hospitality industry, management, economy

Social Foundation of Sogdian Commercial Diaspora in China

Social Foundation of Sogdian Commercial Diaspora in China

Equity and justice should underpin the discourse on tipping points

Abstract. Radical and quick transformations towards sustainability will be fundamental to achieving a more sustainable future. However, deliberate interventions to reconfigure systems will result in winners and losers, with the potential for greater or lesser equity and justice outcomes. Positive tipping points (PTPs) have been proposed as interventions in complex systems with the aim to (a) reduce the likelihood of negative Earth system tipping points and/or (b) increase the likelihood of achieving just social foundations. However, many narratives around PTPs often do not take into account the entire spectrum of impacts the proposed alternatives could have or still rely on narratives that maintain current unsustainable behaviours and marginalize many people (i.e. do not take “b” into account). One such example is the move from petrol-based to electric vehicles. An energy transition that remains based on natural resource inputs from the Global South must be unpacked with an equity and justice lens to understand the true cost of this transition. There are two arguments why a critical engagement with these and other similar proposals needs to be made. First, the idea of transitioning through a substitution (e.g. of fuel) while maintaining the system structure (e.g. of private vehicles) may not necessarily be conceived as the kind of radical transformation being called for by global scientific bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Second, and probably more importantly, the question of positive for whom, positive where, and positive how must be considered. In this paper, we unpack these narratives using a critical decolonial view from the south and outline their implications for the concept of tipping points.

Gender imbalance in the labor market: causes and features

The article examines current research on labor mobility and gender inequality in the labor market: occupational segregation, unequal pay and the «maternity penalty». The study of the impact of gender stereotypes, social foundations, choice of educational path and professional environment on wage disparities between women and men was conducted. Wage imbalances are widespread around the world and affect the majority of economic sectors and employment types. In Russia data on the gender pay gap varies widely by region, economic sector and occupational group, and where male employment prevails, the rate of disparity is often higher. The recommendations from international organizations on equalizing women and men in labor rights are given.

Perancangan Video Profile Yayasan Sosial Kristen Salib Putih Salatiga

The Salatiga White Cross Christian Social Foundation is a social institution that focuses on social and humanitarian services, apart from that, this foundation also develops human resources through several programs. The foundation is a continuation of the services of the Witte Kruis Kolonie which was founded on 14 May 1902. The social services provided by this foundation include nursing homes, orphanages, work centers, work training centers, and medical centers. The large operational costs are one of the obstacles experienced by foundations in carrying out their services. Helping hands from donors are needed, but the use of media is currently not effective for donors or the public who want to know about the social services carried out by the White Cross Candidate Foundation. Based on the existing problems, information media is needed that can describe the vision, mission, and objectives of the foundation and provide a clear and detailed picture of what service areas are managed by the management of the White Cross Foundation. By using qualitative research methods and applying a linear strategy as a creative stage, it is hoped that we will be able to produce profile videos that can present foundation profile information in more detail and interest to potential donors or the general public who have an interest in social services. Keywords: Social Services, Salatiga Video Profile, Christian Cross Social Foundation

Social Media Use in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions as a Communication Tool in the Framework of School Culture

The schools, as social institutions, form a unique school culture with their characteristics, shared values, and beliefs. The social foundations of education are closely related to the environment. One of the factors affecting school culture is communication with its environment as the school interacts with its environment. Schools realize institutional communication, which has an important place in their culture, through different tools. This study aims to determine the use of social media tools as a communication tool in primary and secondary education institutions within the framework of school culture. In the study, the use of social media tools in educational institutions was revealed in line with the opinions of school social media managers. Conducted with a case study approach by qualitative research methodology, the study group of the research was determined by maximum diversity sampling from purposeful sampling methods. The interviews were conducted with the participation of 18 school social media managers working in public schools at different levels and with different socioeconomic levels in Istanbul. Social media managers are teachers, and 15 of these teachers also have administrative duties (1 is a school principal, and 14 are vice principals) in the same school. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form and analyzed using a content analysis approach. The results of the study revealed that schools prefer Instagram more frequently and that school social media managers use their social media accounts for sharing information and news and promoting the school. The ethical principles followed by schools in social media administration were collected in the categories of respecting personal rights and private life, sharing content related to the institution, compliance with the legislation, the posts reflecting the values, being shared with the decision of the commission, using Turkish correctly, and student and parent satisfaction. The participants stated that they strive to establish two-way communication with their followers in their social media accounts and that social media contributes to their organizations more frequently in terms of usefulness, advertising and promotion, and stakeholder satisfaction.

The Contribution of the History of Concepts to the Critical Understanding of the State

The paper develops the problems of critical understanding of the phenomenon of the state. The author comprehends the contribution of the German history of concepts (Begriffsgeschichte) and the British Conceptual History to the critical understanding of the emergence of the state as a concept and social phenomenon in Modern times. Representatives of these lines of thought trace the appearance of the English State and the French État to the 17th century, the German Staat to the second half of the 18th century. Russian followers of these traditions explore the historical and ideological context of the emergence of the state in the 15th– 18th centuries. The researchers emphasize that in Germany the concept of the state is formed two centuries later than that in France, but it immediately becomes political and subordinates the rest of the meanings of the word, creating a theoretical basis for the development of state studies and public law, while the French état and English state in the meaning of the state have long been used in relation to non-state political and even nonpolitical phenomena. An important contribution of the history of concepts was the search for the ideological and social foundations of modern state legal terms and models — state sovereignty, citizenship, legal and social state, endowed with meaning primarily in the continental tradition. The author continues the study of the problems of critical understanding of the state, which began in the article «Critical Concepts of the State and their Significance for Russian Jurisprudence: Introduction to the Problem» (Lex russica. 2020;6:122-138).

Transforming of Moderate Character Education in Islamic Educational Institutions

The study focuses on moderate character education in Islamic educational institutions, especially those based on Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Syarikat Islam. The study aims to reveal the moderate values of Islamic education institutions and their implementation in educational activities. The research uses a qualitative multisite approach, with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews, and documentation. This study includes Islamic educational institutions based on religious organizations, namely Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Syarikat Islam. Research locations are 1) Education and Social Foundation, Khadijah High School, East Java, as an Islamic educational institution based in Nahdlatul Ulama; 2) Muhammadiyah Boarding School, Yogyakarta; and 3) Cokroaminoto School, Surakarta, Central Java. The researchers performed data analysis using modified analytic induction analysis. Data analysis follows the stages of condensation, data display, verification, and conclusion. The results of this study show that each educational institution has moderate character values: 1) tawasuth; 2) tawazun; and 3) ta'addul/I'tidal. These values are embodied in learning to form a moderate Muslim character and become the mercy to the whole world (rahmatan lil alamin).

What Is Minimalist Governance?

Abstract “Informality” and “semiformality” are the primary characteristics of minimalist governance. The operation of minimalist governance assumes a boundary between state and society and some amount of autonomous space between them at the ground level. Whether in a traditional or modern form, minimalist governance stands in contrast to the formal, hierarchical bureaucracy of the state. Minimalism is a pragmatic approach to governance tailored to local conditions, a form of semiformal or informal government that emphasizes operational effectiveness over elaborate bureaucratic procedures. Since minimalist governance does not rely entirely on the hierarchical power of the state apparatus, this semiformal approach is simple and effective, hence its “minimalist” appearance. The key to solving the problem of formalism at the basic level of government lies in managing the relationship between “a thousand threads above” and “a single needle below.” Autonomy and self-governance must be granted to the basic level of the government so that party committees may fulfill their integrative political functions and their role in minimalist governance. Ultimately, this will allow the “needle” of grassroots organizations to connect with “a thousand threads above” while also penetrating deeply into local society. There is significant practical and theoretical importance in understanding the uniqueness of Chinese-style modernization, and the modernization of rural governance, from the perspective of “social foundations,” but to achieve this Chinese-style modernization we must learn from the West and from China’s own traditional and contemporary experiences.

Philosophical and Social Foundations of European Political Identity in Crisis Against the Background of the New Stage of European Integration


 
 
 The article is dedicated to the problems of European political identity and European identity as a whole conception and as a foundation for European integration. Before 24 February 2022, European political identity had been in crisis. The contradictions between the EU member states seemed to be hardly resolvable. The Russian aggression against Ukraine gave a strong impetus to the formation of European identity. However, it is still a negative incentive for unity and solidarity rather than cohesion around positive values, as well as from the outset the European integration was caused by devastating World War II as a negative experience, which should never be repeated. The text makes use of methods peculiar to the philosophical sciences, i.e. critical textual analysis, historical-analytical and comparative methods.
 
 

Prioritizing Maternal Mental Health in Addressing Morbidity and Mortality.

The rate of maternal mortality in the United States is 2-fold to 3-fold greater than that in other high-income countries. While many national initiatives have been developed to combat maternal mortality, these efforts often fail to include mental illness. To highlight the underrecognized contribution of mental illness to maternal mortality, which is nearly double that of postpartum hemorrhage. A topic outline was developed to include challenges in measuring perinatal mental conditions and mortality rates; contributions of social determinants of health to mental conditions and mortality; perinatal psychiatric disorder characterization; mechanisms by which maternal mental illness increases mortality, specifically, suicide and addictive disorders; access limitations and care "deserts"; prenatal stress and its impact on reproductive outcomes; increasing clinician expertise through cross-disciplinary education; intervention sites and models; and asserting that mental health is fundamental to maternal health. Publications in the last 3 years were prioritized, particularly those relating to policy. References were selected through consensus. Sources were PubMed, Ovid, direct data published on government websites, and health policy sources such as the Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health. Priority was given to recent sources. Citations from 2022-2023 numbered 26; within the last 5 years, 14; and historical references, 15. Recommendations to address each topic area serve as concluding statements for each section. To mitigate the contributions of mental illness to the maternal mortality risk, a coordinated effort is required across professional and governmental organizations. Concrete programmatic and policy changes are needed to reduce perinatal stress and address trauma, standardize the collection of social determinant of health data among perinatal patients, increase access to reproductive psychiatry curricula among prescribers, reduce perinatal mental health and obstetrical deserts, institute paid parental leave, and support seamless integration of perinatal and behavioral health care. Moreover, instead of focusing on a relatively minor portion of the contributors to health that current medical practice targets, fortifying the social foundation strengthens the prospects for the health of families for our current and future generations.

Genealogy of Islamic Business Organization: The Institutional Approach Towards Current Islamic Corporate Law

This article examines the social foundation which posed challenges to the adoption of corporate form as a business entity within the framework of Islamic legal tradition. This article employs juridical-normative research analysis with socio-legal approach. This paper concludes: (1) The corporate legal form was not required by the medieval Islamic legal system as well as the case in Western Europe due to several reason such as: an institutional vacuity; withdrawal of community capital resources into waqf institutions; stagnancy in institutional development of business organizations in Islamic law; and inability of the Muslim business elite to consolidate power. (2) In classical fiqh discussions, Islamic business organizations do not have legal personality. The closest approximation to corporate legal entities found in Islam have been bayt al-māl (public treasury), mosque property, and waqf (trusts). Recently, the scholars have approved the corporate form on the basis of fiqh principles of qiyas (analogy) and istihsan, or masaliha mursalah (public interest).

The River God Cult and the Reshaping of Political Authority—Reading Inscriptions from the Hezhong Area in Tang China

The River God cult held a significant place in state rituals in imperial China. While scholars have primarily focused on the evolution of the River God sacrificial system, with its interplay of the official granting of noble titles and popular beliefs, this paper offers a further examination of the River God cult. By reading the “Stele of the (Shrine) Temple for the River God honored as the Duke of Numinous Source” (hedushen lingyuangong cimiao bei 河瀆神靈源公祠廟碑), created in the Tang Dynasty, this study explores the interactive relationship between the River God cult and state power in the Hezhong 河中area during that time period. We contend that the traditional River God cult and the participation of both officials and civilians in common rituals throughout past dynasties not only created a concentration of historical memories and reverent emotions but also established a strong social foundation for belief in the River God within the Hezhong region. This cult attracted both state endorsement and popular support. Thus, Guo Ziyi 郭子儀 (697–781), a famous military general in the Tang Dynasty, sought to renovate a temple and erect a monument for the River God. This monument was to serve as a cultural symbol that would strengthen the connection between the state and the local community, and hence ease the social tensions in the Hezhong area after the An Lushan Rebellion. In sum, such a construction would enhance the psychological and cultural identity of the people with both the mandate of heaven and the Tang imperial authority.