Conditions Of Social Development Research Articles

Civilizational Identity and the Identity Politics Agenda: Russian Priorities in a Transforming World Order

The author offers a brief overview of the field of identity studies in political research with a focus on the significance of civilizational identity as a key concept relevant for evaluating the dynamics of political identity and the priorities of political agenda setting in a radically transforming world. The paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding civilizational identity and assesses its role in forming the discursive power of the state and in promoting a development policy agenda. This agenda is activated by identity politics promoted by the state and other political actors to construct and uphold an array of politically significant identities which are important for social cohesion and for implementing national development goals. Correlating tradition and innovation in the social sphere is an important priority for consistent development policies. Russia has longstanding traditions of promoting a civilizational discourse reflecting her place in the Christian world and in the dialogue of cultures and civilizations, with a focus on the pivotal role of the state in social development. The research methodology is based on approaches developed in the field of identity studies. These include both the assessment of identity transformations as changing notions of the self in relation to politics in a fluid social and political environment and the implications these perceptions of societal realities have for current social policies and for promoting political change.

ПРАВОПОРЯДОК КАК ФОРМА РАЗЛИЧЕНИЯ ПОВСЕДНЕВНО-ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА

Law and order and risk are an unavoidable social bond. Many reputable researchers of the rule of law in their research from different theoretical positions are trying to grasp the essence of the rule of law, to create such an abstract universal model that would allow fixing the rule of law in its dynamics. And, therefore, thanks to this ability of the model to see the embeddedness of risks in the rule of law.The article analyzes a number of the following approaches: institutional approach, socio-anthropological, socio-axiological in correlation with the class approach, as well as the concept of CAC - complex adaptive systems. Also, the rule of law is presented from the position of the pure doctrine of law. These approaches demonstrate variants of postclassical rationality. The embeddedness of risks in law and order can be shown by a number of approaches presented in the article, but the presented approaches cannot grasp the mechanism of risk formation, the types basic to law and order in content-variable characteristics. The approach of the everyday institutional unity of distinction, highlighted in the article, seems to cope with this task. The basis of the everyday institutional approach to the study of law and order is based on the methodology of distinction as, so to speak, a form of thinking. This methodology, I think, allows us to capture the nature of legal risks as states of social development; the interpenetration of everyday life and institutionality, in their state of mutual inquiry.

Public policy in the field of professional orientation as a tool for the social state development

Relevance. The relevance of the study is explained by the presence of a large number of shortcomings related to the sphere of professional orientation, which indicates the underdevelopment of the social state in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways of developing public policy in the field of professional orientation as a tool for improving the social state in Ukraine.Methodology. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is interdisciplinary, which allows comprehensively considering issues related to ensuring normal conditions for the existence and development of society, without which it is impossible to determine with the necessary accuracy the strategy and procedure for state involvement in the implementation of necessary measures aimed at developing and implementing effective policies.Results. The results obtained in this study should be considered a confirmation of the productiveness of applying a public administration approach to examine the specific features of the development of public policy in Ukraine. The importance of using these tools for improving the social state was confirmed while examining the evidence.Conclusions. The findings of the study, and the conclusions formulated on their basis, have substantial value for researchers and specialists engaged in practical activities both in the field of public administration and professional orientation, who require new theoretical foundations to optimise their work.

Impact of administrative state capacity determinants on sustainable healthcare

Public administration implements government policies through prudent administrative practices and state capacity. Based on Asia's political and administrative proficiency and paradox, this study explores the administrative state capacity determinants—bureaucratic quality (BQ) and military in politics (MP)—and their interaction with sustainable public health quality (PHQ) in Asia from 2006 to 2020. With its focus on the scenario and Asian state administrative issues, Goal 04: Health and Well-being of Sustainable Development Goals has been the core aspect of state capacity and sustainable development. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) econometric estimation, the study finds that the high risk of poor BQ due to political pressures and policy inconsistency has significantly and negatively impacted PHQ in Asia. In contrast, by overtaking the administration, a high degree of MP and military dominancy has been a progressive force for PHQ in Asia. The interaction of BQ and MP negatively affects the state's social development due to conflict of interest and shredding policy outcomes. This is the first study that deals with the nexus between sustainable development and administrative state capacity determinants of Asia's public sector. The paper finds that an effective and prudent administrative collaboration and expertise-sharing between the bureaucracy and the military accelerates sustainable healthcare in Asia. Furthermore, the study believes that a healthy institutional collaboration will help overcome the development loopholes in Asia, promote PHQ, and accelerate regional development.

Practices of Age-Friendly Cities in Turkey

It is predicted that the proportion of the elderly population in the total population will increase. Technological developments, social state development, and innovations in medical science have increased life expectancy. Central state institutions and local government organizations increase the services and expenditures for the elderly population as a requirement of the social state. The concept of an age-friendly city and its applications have gained importance since the 1980s. Municipalities closest to the public have to produce more services to create more suitable and less dangerous areas for elderly people. Municipalities should ensure the active participation of the elderly population in production and consumption activities. It is thus expected to provide services in the fields of education, infrastructure services, health, accessibility and sports. In recent years, the elderly population in developed countries is relatively higher compared to the total population. For this reason, it is usual for age-friendly cities to increase in number and services in developed countries. In this research, the concept of an age-friendly city will be explained in the context of the silver economy and active old age. The basic features of the age-friendly city will be explained. This paper analyses the services provided in selected cities in the world and Turkey in the context of an age-friendly city.

Inclusiveness of creation process of constitution in Georgia

It is very difficult and practically impossible to create the best and most complete constitution. The Constitution is a document created by humans and not by the gods, and just like its creators, this document itself cannot be perfect. There are undemocratically adopted constitutions in the world, but there are no authoritarian constitutions adopted democratically. However, the conditions for drafting and adopting the Constitution can have a great impact on the content of the Constitution.
 Constitution is a legal act or set of legal acts adopted by a supreme body of state power or through a referendum, has the highest legal force and regulates the foundations of the organization of society and the state, the basic principles of the relationship between the individual and the state. Both the concept of the Constitution and the history of its development clearly show its special importance in the preservation and development of the state and society.
 The aim of the presented article is to review the process of creation of Constitution in Georgia, to study the main specifics and obstacles during the process and to analyze the results which has a direct influence on Political, Economic and Social development of State.
 The main methodology used during the research is desk research using historical and legal analysis of the given situation in1990s in Georgia, the challenges that Georgia has after the independence and the main basis and fundamentals for further development of Georgian Constitutionalism.
 Based on research study, authors have identified the main issues that were left out from the content of constitution, that are not only important for democratic states, but has the main influence on creation of democratic governance in country. One of the mentioned issues is the defining of Territorial Structure, which is of vital importance for Georgia. The final part of the article is concentrated on the steps that should be taken for the discussion of issues concerning territorial structure, including the different ethnic groups in the debate for solving current left out, but important issues within the constitution.

Concept of social state in Ukraine: current condition and problems of implementation

The article is aimed at analysing the theoretical, constitutional and legal bases of the social state, the ways of their improvement, as well as at searching for optimum ways to resolve controversial issues related to the social state development in Ukraine.
 Ukraine is still at the stage of building a social state therefore the issue is still relevant. The process is preceded by a number of factors. First, Ukraine is facing an economic crisis, second, hostilities are still continuing in the eastern Ukraine, and third, Ukraine has been facing a COVID-19 pandemic with quarantine restrictions being imposed.
 As a young country, Ukraine is still experiencing the imbalance of state, social and political interests. With that said the country needs to define and clearly regulate its development as a social state, so the issue is still relevant. At present, there numerous factors to be considered. First, Ukraine is facing an economic crisis, second, hostilities continue in eastern Ukraine, and third, Ukraine was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic requiring quarantine restrictions.
 Building a social state in Ukraine is impossible without ensuring full functioning of the rule of law mechanism. That is why ensuring the development and observance of the rule of law is an important factor in the social state formation in Ukraine. Therefore, the problems of Ukraine as a social state should be considered from the rule of law's perspective.
 An important means of ensuring the status of a social state consists in compliance with the constitutional principles in the social sphere. In this context the issue of ensuring sustainable implementation and observance of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine also becomes relevant, as it becomes obvious that the appropriate position of this body with regard to social benefits does not create any obstacles to further violation of the Constitution in a similar legal situation. This practice of the state does not comply with the principles of the law-governed state, as a mechanism of a social state is a law-governed state itself, therefore it is necessary to make every effort to establish constitutional legality with relation to both lawmaking and law enforcement.
 On the way to approaching the European standards, Ukraine should focus on the state and legal aspect of social orientation. Such focus should also become a prority for deep socio-economic transformations in the country.

Social reconstruction of the village as the basis of agricultural strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The goal is to assess the current situation of social development of the village, identify the main factors hindering the revival of rural areas, reduction of the number of rural population, especially young people, and migration from the village to the city. Determination of the measures aimed to ensure employment, infrastructure development, favorable conditions for improving the living standards of rural residents. Methods – analytical, economic-statistical, monographic, calculation-constructive. Results – analysis of the current state of social development of the village was carried out, during which disproportions in the age structure of the rural population of the republic, trends in reduction of the number of young people and increasing the number of the retired people, changes in the number of rural settlements that have the necessary potential to create a comfortable living environment for the population and trends in the subsequent abolition of villages have been revealed. Conclusions – the problems of population migration from rural areas to the cities, the lack of jobs that force people to work outside their place of residence, low incomes of rural residents, the outflow of young people from villages to the cities justify the need to develop comprehensive measures for rural development, including improvement of living conditions through the development of housing, communal and social infrastructure, expanding the scope of activities in the countryside through the development of not only agricultural sector, but also service sector, construction, storage systems, primary processing of agricultural products, agritourism, crafts. The complexity of solving the problems of rural areas will contribute to the revival of the village, the stable growth of agricultural production and other sectors of economy of rural areas.

Formation of professional competence of learners in teaching medicinal plants


 Professional competence is a necessary component of a person's professionalism in any area. The aim of the research is the formation of the professional activity of a future competitive specialist in the educational process of universities for the system-structural organization of professional training of biology students. The analysis of a wide range of various works aimed at professional pedagogical training of future specialists leads to the conclusion that its structure, content and organization cannot withstand the current state of social development. Currently, the modernization of the target, content and technological structures of professional education is associated with a revision of its content, form and methods in accordance with the requirements of continuing education, the main goal of which is to ensure the full and complete development of the future specialist. In this article, the results of a pedagogical experiment were obtained, which revealed the effectiveness of a specially prepared educational and methodological manual for training medicinal plants in the training of biologists in universities for educational and training.
 
 Keywords: Competence, professional competence, medicinal plants, Elaeagnaceae;

In pursuit of identity (relevance of the philosophy of N. Berdyaev)

This article discusses the topic of identity in the religious philosophy of N. Berdyaev. The author emphasizes the importance of this topic for the philosopher alongside the problematic of freedom and creativity. Emphasis is placed on the existential-religious traditions of Berdyaev’s philosophy, which views a particular individual in his relation to the society and history. According to Berdyaev, an individual is a puzzle not as an organism or social being, but as the identity; the spiritual aspect alone does not depend or determined by the society, which indicates its freedom, although not absolute. The conclusion is made on the relevance of philosophical reflections of N. Berdyaev for the modern state of social development. The author comes into line with the prophetic ideas of the philosopher on the approaching process of dehumanization in spheres of cultural and social life, and namely, dehumanization of moral consciousness. A human fades out as an integral, internally centered, spiritually focused being, who retains cohesion and unity. The author is forced to acknowledge the transformation of moral and ethical values of society, loss of innate thinking, increasing dependence on popular culture and consumer ideology, undermined faith in the future and self-confidence.

Public finance in postulates of economic schools: genesis of theories

The article aims to study the genesis of public finance theories in the context of social development due to the need to determine the role of the state in providing social services and the efficiency and quality of public goods. The need for research is generated by two aspects: the dependence of the state and vector of public finance development on the historical and political conditions of state development; the need to develop tools, institutions, and procedures in the context of expanding state participation in the provision of social services to the population. Theoretical aspects of determining public and private goods and their place in the theory of public finance are substantiated. The public and private goods are compared and their essential characteristics are revealed. The key features of public goods (non-competitiveness, non-exclusion, indivisibility) are highlighted. The article addresses the peculiarities of scientific approaches to the issue of financing the manufacture and providing public goods to representatives of various scientific schools and trends (classical political economy, fiscal exchange models, theory of economic sociodynamics, libertarian theory, institutional economic theory, new classical macroeconomics, etc). The experience of developed countries in the historical context clearly indicates that despite the diversity and differences of national economic models focusing on different schools of economic theory, there is a constant gradual strengthening of the role of the state in social development. Emphasis is placed on changing the role of the state in modern conditions of forming new priorities and implementing the Sustainable Development Goals that ensure the development of human capital and provide the population with quality public goods. The article substantiates that in modern conditions, the issues of social services efficiency as a guarantee of human capital development, their maximum proximity to consumers, the role of the state and public administration system in the social sphere, and balancing the public finance system in ensuring social and economic progress are increasingly relevant.

Social Development and Welfare State Systems in Developing Countries in East Asia: A Comparative Study

This study looks at the state of social development in developing countries, particularly in East Asia, applying a qualitative cum quantitative method, that is, a multiple case study analysis combined with social indicator analysis (hence applying method triangulation), with the aim to study the relative performance in social development and the development of welfare state systems in relation to the level of economic development. The study highlights the need for more research in the area of comparative social policy in developing countries in particular and normative social policy in general—in order to identify and learn from more positive (e.g. win-win) solutions, or positively outstanding cases, in international comparative normative social policy. In the four case studies under scrutiny, governments have scaled up social security coverage and demonstrated high levels of innovation in designing new institutions and the compilation of the overall welfare state system. The quantitative social indicator analysis, in addition, confirms that with regard to East Asian welfare state systems there is a greater number of positively outstanding (positively deviating) cases. The paper concludes that East Asian welfare state systems have their unique mix of welfare state institutions, unique overall welfare philosophy, and even uniquely developed welfare state instruments and designs, while also accomplishing positively outstanding performance in social development relative to their level of economic development.

Problems of the implementation of social state and the constitutional reform 2020

The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrined the principle of social state, a number of social rights of citizens and other provisions of a social nature. However, according to many researchers, the actual situation, including mass poverty and extreme property differentiation of the population, and the dominant vector of social policy, which is reflected in commercialization and "optimization" of the social sphere, raising the retirement age, strengthening the selective character of social assistance, etc. speak of the dismantling of the welfare state. At the same time, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation does not adequately fulfill its function of protecting the Constitution and, in particular, ensuring the constitutional principle of social state and social rights of citizens, does not recognize the legislative norms that normatively formalize such reforms as unconstitutional, sometimes — as in the case of considering the constitutionality of increasing retirement age in 2018 — actually avoiding consideration of the case on the merits. The draft Law on Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation "On Improving Regulation of Certain Issues of Organizing Public Authority", proposed by the President of Russia in the winter of2020, was substantiated, inter alia, by considerations of the development of social state, ensuring the social rights of citizens and the corresponding social obligations of the State. The article shows which of the key social problems could be solved within the framework of the previous version of the Constitution; the question is examined whether their solution requires its changing. It is shown that the Law on Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted in the spring of 2020 does not solve a number of the key social problems in modern Russia, and does not make enough use of foreign experience in constitutional regulation of the social sphere. Based on the experience of other countries, the article proposes a number of norms, the constitutional enshrining of which could to a greater extent ensure implementation of the principle of social state.

Культура спілкування як основа ефективної людської взаємодії та прогресивного розвитку суспільств

The article dwells on the authors' new standpoint of human-centrism, they are close to the comprehension of the communication culture problems as an important socio-political phenomenon of human interaction, based on spiritual and scientific foundations about changes in thinking, actions, role of social dialogue, decision-making on the economic realities of today, which have reached a critical limit – the complex socio-environmental anomalies, where a high level of communication culture can lead to serious thinking and making intellectually-professional decisions to address socio-political and economic problems of humanity.The article is dedicated to the analysis of communication culture as an important socio-political phenomenon of human interaction, based on the principles of spiritual, humanistic, communicative values concerning human-centrism, for social changes of a positive nature, service to a human within the limits of harmony, agreement and interest in self-realization of each nation, personality and acquisition of professional traits according to the needs of innovations and abilities.The problem of communication culture at the present stage is the object of study of various fields of knowledge – without deep study and friendly communication, no management decision in science, education, society can be made.Important aspects of the communication culture for this study were developed in the papers by R. May, A. Maslow, C. Rogers, L. Vyhotskyi, O. Leontiev, D. Carnegie, B. Lomov, S.Freud, N. Babych, H. Kostiuk, V. Frankl, T. Chmut, T. Yatsenko and others.The key idea of this article was based on understanding the communication culture as an integral part of human culture in general. It contains a certain part of knowledge, social norms, which are determined by the state of social development, its history, traditions, national specifics, universal values of the process and product of life, socio-political interaction, interaction of human and nature, which have a great past, complex present and progressive prospects for the future.Thus, the authors have comprehended a very important scientific and practical issue – communication is the main mean to transmit social experience, mutual understanding, information acquisition, learning, human influence on each other, development of intelligence and professional practice for the progressive development of mankind. It is culture in general, and communication culture, in particular, that are directly related to the reform of modern Ukrainian society – to the formation of effective human interaction and progressive development of societies.The authors concluded that intellectual thinking is required by all kinds of activities in the scientific, educational and socio-political spheres, including public management, and placed the emphasis on the key ways of communication that are most often revealed in the socio-political sciences: ways of communication that serve to transmit information (messages); ways of influencing people in the process of communication (suggestion, imitation, mental infection); way of influencing not only the mind, but also the feelings, which influences the rational and emotional, their unity, which contributes to the formation of new views and relationships (beliefs); conscious self-regulation of the psyche by instilling in oneself ideas of feelings, emotions, that is, an individual creates a model of action and introduces it into their psyche (self-suggestion); the process of emotional state transmition that goes from one individual to another on an unconscious level, when a person is quickly concerned about the mental state of others, people in the crowd are most susceptible to infection (mental infection).The authors have made the suggestions to identify possible ways to establish a high communication culture in the practice of a specialist of any level of education, of power structures etc., which requires skillful understanding of different ways, namely: ways of communication as a system of actions aimed at establishing contact, getting to know each other, organization of interaction in exchange for information, feelings, assessments, ideas, thoughts.

European social model: a new paradigm of social state development

The social state is one of the key principles of the constitutional system of modern states. Although the issue of social statehood has been the subject of many interdisciplinary studies, it still remains relevant and causes scientific discussions both as a result of periodic revision of paradigms of state development as such and as a result of rapid globalization and regional integration. The decline of the social state has been repeatedly predicted. In this regard, it should be noted that in the process of discussing the state of the social state development should distinguish crisis myths from crisis realities, to identify probable trajectories of its development.The article is aimed at drawing researchers' attention to the transformation of the process of functioning of the welfare state in the context of European integration. It is undeniable that the economics of the EU member states are now almost out of the control of national governments, while the social consequences of this process - unemployment, migration - remain the subject of legal regulation of national states. Together with domestic and foreign researchers, the authors raise the topical question: will the introduction of the European social model lead to changes or even to the abolition of national models of social policy? Is social policy a priority of the European Union and to what extent does it depend on the EU’s economic situation? Are the functions of the welfare state changing in the context of the country's membership in the European Union? Does the state retain its sovereignty by delegating its key functions to the EU? What are the consequences for individuals of changing the paradigm of the welfare state in an innovative economy conditions?

Meninjau Tanggungjawab Sosial Perusahaan dalam Pendekatan Kapabilitas

This paper departs from the discourse of the paradigm of social development in third world countries. The first discourse reviews the critics of the broad state in social development. It supports the non-state actors to take a part in development through corporate social responsibility (CSR). The second discourse departs from economic development which weakens the capability of the individual in achieving development itself. The concept of the capability approach in human development emerged as a solution to create inclusive welfare. This paper itself raises these two things in one discussion related to the role of CSR in relation to the development of human capabilities. Taking an analysis of the Program Desa Mandiri Energi by PJB UP Paiton, the study examines the role of CSR activities in supporting community capabilities. This paper argues that the existence of CSR provides a strong contribution to strengthening the capabilities of the community that has developed from the past. However, in the subsequent findings, there are several aspects of CSR programs that still several actions to be developed and improved human capabilities.

Financial and economic aspects of corporate social responsibility

The article shows the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in ensuring sustainable development of the country. The types of CSR and its features in various states are considered. The author describes the economy of the Russian Federation and its impact on the system of corporate social responsibility in the country. The high profitability of resource-extractive industries and their use of the country’s national wealth defines their special role in CSR not only towards their employees through wages and the allocation of social benefits from profit, but also to the society. It is shown that the established country’s political system significantly influences the possibility of implementing a system of corporate social responsibility. The author characterizes the significant regulatory and stimulating role of the state in social development through taxation and the structure of government spending. When assessing the financial conditions of CSR, the author analyses the impact of capital outflow on its development. Corporate social responsibility also includes the responsibility of organizations to the environment. The author provides a rating assessment of Russian oil and gas, mining and metallurgical companies openness in terms of environmental responsibility.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА

How does a liberalizing market influence a synergy between redistribution preference and social preferences in Asian socio-economies?

Asian people may demand more social welfare or greater redistributive expenditure because they are currently faced with problems of growing economic inequality and a state of social development that is lagging far behind its state of economic development. However, they do not seem to be in favor of demanding more welfare expenditure. This paper investigates how individual attitudes toward redistribution are shaped by focusing on institutional dependency and social preference to address this paradoxical issue. First, we show that social preferences are more relevant to redistribution preference than self-interested motives in Asian socio-economies. We also argue that a synergy between trustworthy individuals and a social preference space could work, leading to a stronger preference for redistribution. However, for the second, we show that the degree to which redistribution preference is associated with social preferences could be lowered as the market space is liberalized: in other words, a social preference space contracts. As a result, we cannot expect a synergy between a social preference space and trustworthy individuals to work, leading to a paradoxical situation, i.e., Asian people refrain from demanding that the government should undertake more redistributive expenditure despite their exacerbating income inequality, caused by the expansion of a liberal type of market space.

Humanistic Vector of Development of Social State in Russia

Humanistic Vector of Development of Social State in Russia