Social Conditions Research Articles

Efficiency of Built-up Land Use on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Cities: Case Study of Bandar Lampung City

Dynamic city development has an impact on land consumption levels, as an effort to increase city capacity, so this is not a sustainable option both socially and economically. As one of the provincial capitals on the island of Sumatra and the city closest to the island of Java, the city of Bandar Lampung certainly experiences the same demands regarding the use of built-up land. In identifying these conditions, this article uses a decoupling analysis method of built-up land area, population and local revenue. This research uses NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index) to describe built-up land, population and LGR (Local Government Revenue) to describe the social and economic conditions of Bandar Lampung City. The results of the NDBI analysis from 2014 to 2022 show that built-up land in Bandar Lampung City has reached 61.67%. In the same period, the city's population increased by an average of 6.01% and Bandar Lampung City's LGR increased by an average of 13.55% in 2022 amounting to IDR 645 billion. In the decoupling analysis of built-up land to population, Bandar Lampung City has an expansive negative decoupling category, so there are indications that the growth of built-up land is not adjusting to the number of residents to be accommodated. In the decoupling analysis of built-up land against PAD, the decoupling index falls into the Expansive coupling category, which means that built-up land and PAD have increased, but the growth of built-up land is higher than the PAD of Bandar Lampung City. In both conditions, it shows that population growth and local income of Bandar Lampung City is still below the growth of built-up land, so it is indicated that the growth of built-up land in Bandar Lampung City is less efficient.

Measures of state regulation and support of the soybean breeding and seed production industry

Abstract One of the priority directions of economy in different countries of the world is the application of measures of state support and regulation of the agricultural industry, including laws and various programs that foster sustainable development of agriculture. In view of prevailing social and economic conditions in Russia, the problem of domestic supply of agricultural production with in-country selected high-yielding varieties of soybean and intensification of domestic seed production has become acute. Currently, the State is providing support to the seed industry and is intended to ensure import substitution in the seed market in the foreseeable future. However, there are also revealed some problems, which are mostly related to the functioning of state breeding and seed production centers, which include state breeding plots, breeding and seed production farms at research institutions and agrarian universities. To solve these problems, state research organizations and universities should become full-fledged participants of the seed market on a par with business. Achieving the assigned tasks should be facilitated by measures, supporting science and innovation at the state level.

The Locations of Palestine and the U.S. in the Global Map of Homelessness: Part I.

It's now well appreciated that social determinants of health are the strongest predictors of our health and well-being. A good argument could be made that housing is at the top of the pyramid of these determinants. And, surprisingly, housing is also the social determinant that could rapidly turn on a dime-that is, with sufficient political will, creating access to housing could be radically expanded in short order. (Unfortunately, of course, it's true one can also become suddenly homeless, since few protections exist in policy or capitalist economies to prevent it). That alone sets it apart from social factors such as education and racism-conditions that take a long time to change. In contrast to long-term interventions (education) or culturally stubborn and historically rooted problems (racism), housing is rapidly malleable. In this article, we describe the social condition of homelessness in two settings, comparing and contrasting the concepts, causes, and consequences, along with how people are mobilizing to challenge the conditions that create their housing insecurity. As we review the factors that create housing conditions in each setting, we propose some universal international principles for a new approach to the human right of decent and secure housing.

Inclusive leadership toward reshaping corporate purpose for sustainable development

This paper delves into the complex relationship between business leadership, sustainability, and inclusivity, representing a step toward developing a more inclusive leadership approach to sustainable development that fosters shared power relations between business leaders and marginalized members of society. With environmental and social conditions worsening, it is urgent for corporations to move away from the neoliberal profit-maximization models advocated by Milton Friedman and instead prioritize humanity and the environment. This shift requires a fundamental restructuring of businesses to move beyond profit maximization and address societal power imbalances by including all stakeholders. Our inclusive leadership for sustainable development framework, rooted in symbolic interactionism, offers a holistic lens for including marginalized groups. At the microlevel, it focuses on business leaders’ personas, characterized by pro-demographic diversity and biodiversity, cognitive complexity for sustainable development, and social empathy, which can potentially create a macro-level impact. These characteristics, accompanied by macro perspectives toward repurposing corporations away from neoliberalism, would be a step forward in cultivating shared power dynamics between business leaders and marginalized communities for the betterment of society.

Formation of legal conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies in Russia as part of the transition to a new technological order in Russia

An analysis of the current level of technology development allows us to conclude about the increasing role of digital technologies in public relations. The object of the study is the social relations that arise in the process of implementing blockchain technologies during the transition to a new technological order. The new (sixth) technological order is a reproduction system in which digital technologies (big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence) affect management activities, industrial and economic relations. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the legal regulation of these relations as one of the conditions for the full-scale introduction of modern digital technologies. In this article, the authors set the task of formulating an idea about the conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies as a factor in ensuring the transition of modern society to a new technological order, including the implementation of legal conditions. The research methods are general scientific and special methods, among them the use of analysis to identify key trends, patterns and problems related to the legal regulation of blockchain technologies, as well as a formal legal method to determine the features of strategic planning documents, concepts and regulatory legal acts as elements of the legal conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies. It is noted that the introduction of these technologies requires a number of conditions, including the formation of proper legal regulation, ensuring a sufficient technological basis, creating social conditions – preparing the population for the use of new technologies, ensuring financial and political conditions for modernization. In addition, the development of human resources and the creation of organizational conditions will ensure the comprehensive implementation of these technologies in public relations. Based on the results of the analysis of legal acts, the authors conclude that the state policy and regulatory framework for the transition to a new technological order and the introduction of blockchain technologies in various spheres of life are currently being determined at the strategic, regulatory and conceptual levels. In addition, some promising areas of implementation of blockchain technologies in public relations, including in legal activities, are noted.

The Impact of Farmers' Socio-Economic Conditions Due to the Conversion of Agricultural Land in Setia Mulya Village, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia

Land conversion is the change of the original land function into another function. The conversion of laham affects the socio-economic conditions of farmers, especially in Setia Mulya Village. Socioeconomic conditions are a person's position in a community group that is determined by the type of economic activity, education, and income. The conversion of agricultural land can have an impact on the social and economic conditions of farmers. What is observed in this study is social conditions, economic conditions and their impact on farmers. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in the socio-economic conditions of farmers due to land conversion and their impact on farmers' lives. The method used was a qualitative method with data sources obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation with farmers as respondents totaling 15 farmers, with sampling techniques using snowball sampling techniques. The results of the study showed changes in the socio-economic conditions of farmers due to land conversion that occurred in Setia Mulya Village. Changes in socio-economic conditions related to the age of farmers, changes in social status, changes in farmers' income, and farmers' household consumption. Farmers in Setia Mulya Village are cultivators so they have to pay rent to the landowner so that farming activities can continue. Although the area of agricultural land in Setia Mulya Village is very large, the high rental prices and the difficulty of irrigation flows make farmers have to look for decent agricultural land that can be used properly.

Adverse effect of Abuse During Childhood on Criminal Behavior and Type of Crime among Prisoners at Forensic Mental Health Department

A quantitative approach using a descriptive-analysis design was used in the present study to find out the impact of child abuse on criminal behavior among prisoners in the forensic department. The period of the study was from 16th of October 2023 to 10th of June 2024. The study has been conducted at Al-Rashad Training Hospital which is located in of Baghdad City. Non-probability sampling techniques in which prisoners are selected because they have characteristics that we need in our sample. In other words, prisoners are selected “on purpose” as purposive sampling. Also the judgmental sampling, this sampling method relies on our judgment when identifying and selecting the prisoners that can provide the best information to achieve the study’s objectives. We choose purposive sampling because the researcher wants to focus in-depth on relatively small samples. A purposive sample of (110) prisoners was selected from Al-Rashad Training Hospital. The study sample in this research was selected from prisoners in the forensic department in the hospital. Results: Prisoners have moderate to high level of psychological abuse during childhood. They have moderate to high level of physical abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of sexual abuse during childhood. Also they have moderate to high level of neglect during childhood. As overall prisoners have high level of abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (socialization). related to criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among prisoners; the findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among items. The findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Personal and psychological circumstances) among items. Prisoners have high level of criminal behavior as overall. There is high significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and Criminal behavior at p-value= .004. There are significant relationships between (psychological, physical, sexual abuse) during childhood and criminal behavior at p-value= 0.05. There are no significant relationships between neglect during childhood and criminal behavior. There is no significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and type of crime at p-value= .05.

A Legal Analysis of the Unilateral Termination of Labor Contracts and Noteworthy Points for Mitigating Related Disputes

The Labor Code of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was first promulgated in 1994 and was subsequently revised in 2002, 2006, and 2007. The economic and social conditions and labor relations have evolved, necessitating prompt amendments to labor legislation, resulting in the issuance of the Labor Code 2012. However, after five years of application, the 2012 Labor Code has revealed many deficiencies affecting employees' legal rights and interests, including the conditions that employees must meet when they wish to unilaterally terminate the labor contract; these conditions are considered very difficult to prove in the position of an employee. The Labor Code 2019 was enacted with several enhancements, including the elimination of regulations pertaining to unilateral conditions for employees, thereby safeguarding their right to select better employment opportunities and preventing and combating coerced labor. In this article, the author analyzes current law on unilateral termination of labor contracts, focusing on the legal aspect, and selects some common dispute practices related to unilateral termination of labor contracts that businesses and individuals should be aware of to protect their mutual legal rights and interests, as well as those of both parties.

Conceptual Model for Managing Sources of Danger in the Event of an Earthquake

Safety is defined as a state in which human activities are conducted in such a way that the realization of potential dangers is excluded with a certain probability. However, there is an established axiom: all human activities inherently carry some degree of danger. The criterion for assessing this danger is risk, which provides a quantitative measure of potential threats. Experience has shown that the previous concept of safety, which sought to eliminate all risks entirely (known as the "zero risk" concept), is not practical. Today, the prevailing safety approach is the concept of justified risk—the idea that certain levels of risk are deemed acceptable, based on current economic capabilities and social conditions, for the average citizen. This study presents the development of a conceptual model—a model of communication channels—created through system analysis. This model captures the dynamics of information flows regarding the status of danger sources within a potential earthquake zone. The conceptual model is composed of functional operators: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7. One key area of this research is the mathematical modeling of emergencies and the forecasting of their potential consequences. Such modeling is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of protective measures and improving disaster response strategies.

Migration processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current situation and consequences

Rural population migration is an objective process that affects the economic, environmental, social and demographic development of countries and their individual territories. Regulation and supervision of the migration process is one of the priority tasks of the state. The aim is to the scale and direction of migration flows in rural areas of the republic, the reasons for migration and the degree of influence on the labor market in rural areas are considered. Methods - comparisons to determine quantitative indicators characterizing the level of resettlement of economically active citizens. Assessment of the dynamics of those who arrived and left the RS was carried out by the methods of grouping and graphical analysis. Generalization method - in formulating the main aspects of resettlement. Results - the authors state that it is necessary to improve the mechanisms of legal labor migration, explanation and counseling, legal protection and organizational measures for those arriving and departing. Special attention should be paid to the development of infrastructure, creation of new jobs, career opportunities, high income, social conditions in rural settlements (RS) with high levels of local displacement. Based on the study, it is concluded that even positive trends and sustainable growth in production do not suppress the incentives for outflow to the city both for permanent residence and in search of temporary work. Conclusions - the location of rural areas near the regional center, the location of agricultural enterprises and farms, favorable natural and climatic conditions have a great impact on the attraction of migrants to rural areas. Based on the above, the key factor contributing to the reduction of migration loss of population can be called diversification of the economy in rural areas, further development of existing and creation of new production facilities.

Master Narratives: Ideology Embedded and Embodied

While I agree with most of Maiese and Hanna’s (2019) claims in The Mind-Body Politic, I argue that it is possible to offer a fuller explanation of the effects of ideologies and how they are implemented by adopting a narrative analysis to examine the role that narratives play in shaping the social and material conditions of institutions, and individuals’ cognitive habits and affective frames. A narrative analysis maintains that much of our perceptions of and experiences in the world are shaped by the synthesis of conceptual and affective knowledge that we encounter in socio-cultural narratives. Socio-cultural narratives are understood here as narratives that establish, shape, and reinforce cultural beliefs and practices or societal social structures, process, and organizations. By utilizing a narrative analysis we can then employ an additional methodology to examine and understand how we, as individuals, develop and change our particular embodied habits and affective framing patterns. I show how this can be done by focusing on, and expanding upon, Maiese and Hanna’s discussion of neoliberalism and the backfire effect, where individuals resist changes to their affective framing patterns and habitual ways of being in the world.

Socio-cultural deviations in the regulation of social interactions of young people

Social interactions in the youth environment are regulated not only on the basis of generally accepted models, but also on the basis of goals-principles that are formed among young people themselves as a response to changes in social and cultural conditions of life. From the point of view of the institutionally approved norm, these principles are socio-cultural deviations. At the level of consciousness, they are represented in the form of various configurations of meanings-judgments that are realised by different groups of young people in the process of interactions. One of the manifestations of deviation is the regulatory meanings orienting to separation and self-assertion at the expense of others. The data obtained in the course of a nationwide survey conducted by the Centre for Sociology of Youth of ISPR FCTAS RAS in 2021 are analysed. The links between labour, education and interpersonal interactions with sociocultural deviations of young people in social reality are considered. The incorporation of sociocultural deviations into the process of regulating interactions in the youth environment is reflected in young people's justification of the practices of bullying, provocation, evil pranks and disrespect for teachers as acceptable ways of interaction in important spheres of life. Their use is accompanied by the assignment of certain semantic characteristics to labour, communication and education in youth groups. In the course of data analysis, it was found that judgments about bullying and trolling differentiate young people by the meaning of labour "feeling of their usefulness". In addition, the judgement of bullying differentiates youth on the meaning of "forced necessity". The links of respondents' approval of judgements about bullying, trolling and teacher with the meaning of communication "joy, happiness" and "inner need" were revealed. It was also found that judgements about prank and teacher differentiate young people according to the meanings of education "opportunity to make a career" and "development of abilities".

Who Counts as Child? Using Child as Method and Fanon to Challenge Figurations of Childhood

Child as method is a critical and interdisciplinary approach interrogating figurations of childhood that engage, organize, justify (and perhaps even resist) sociopolitical processes. In this article, we start by presenting Child as method as a conceptual and methodological tool for critical research in childhood, education, and psychological studies and then show how it informed discussions of and about childhood in two different projects. The first concerns Legal Gender Recognition in the United Kingdom where a Child as method perspective highlights how the idea of developmentalism is embedded in figurations of childhood. This aligns with age conformities of “being more like adults than children,” while also showing how gender recognition and childhood have been built in opposition to each other. The second project mobilizes Child as method as a conceptual and methodological orientation to critically reflect on the role-played by age assessment practices in migration control in Greece. This highlights how “the child” becomes a trope within forced migration policies and practices, and how “childhood” performs a social condition in which children are represented as victims in state and humanitarian discourse. In doing so, this not only creates a “universalised” notion of childhood but also enacts epistemic violence. Indeed, these discourses mobilize action in the form of age assessment for those young people who do not look or perform like “real children,” establishing, in essence, who is and is not welcomed in the Western territory. The article ends by discussing Frantz Fanon as a critical childhood theorist. It depicts how Fanon’s contribution informs, conceptually and methodologically, the research analytic of Child as method. Together with Child as method, we put forward Fanon’s contribution to critical childhood studies while highlighting Fanon’s call for action from everyone, including children.

Social problems of senior citizens as a subject area of scientific research

In the context of rapid social, economic and technological changes, the relevance of research into the social problems of the elderly is increasing, as they face numerous challenges that require deep scientific understanding and the development of adequate solutions. The main goal of the research is to analyze and systematize social problems faced by the elderly, as well as to determine the most effective approaches to solving them. To achieve this goal, an integrated approach was used, including analysis of scientific literature, classification of approaches and formulation of practical recommendations. As a result, key areas of research were defined, main trends and strategies for solving the problems of the elderly population were identified. The article examines five research approaches: a biological-sociological one, which connects the physiological and social aspects of aging; a social-dynamic one, emphasizing the influence of changing social conditions; an integration-digital one, studying the impact of technology on the lives of the elderly; a social-status one, considering the relationship between social status and quality of life; and active-adaptive one, emphasizing the active participation and adaptation of the elderly in society. These approaches present diverse perspectives and strategies for improving the lives of senior citizens. The study highlights the need for regularly updating scientific data and methods to develop effective programs and policies that help improve the quality of life of the elderly and their active participation in public life.

The Representation of Women in Kamnodo of the Chosŏn Dynasty and Its Significance

In the Buddhist paintings known as Nectar Ritual Painting (Kamnodo 甘露圖), which depicts the ritual of food offering (sesik 施食) for hungry ghosts (agwi 餓鬼), there are various representations of women, including nuns and laywomen, engaged in different roles. Although Chosŏn society was built upon Neo-Confucian ideals that imposed restrictions on women's religious activities, Buddhism, which promote religious practice without gender discrimination, offered female practitioners a sense of equality, fulfillment in their vows, and liberation. Of the seventy known works of Kamnodo, around forty feature depictions of nuns, providing valuable historical evidence about Buddhist nuns and their representation. In addition, women in professional roles within Chosŏn society, such as court ladies (sanggung), female shaman and female entertainer (sadang), are depicted as central figures in Kamnodo. Importantly, these women often acted as patrons for the creation of such painting. The continued Buddhist sponsorship from female devotees contributed to the translation of sacred scriptures into Han'gŭl and fostered the development of narrative painting genres like Kamnodo, which were used as visual aids in Buddhist lectures. While Kamnodo is primarily a religious painting aimed at making intangible spiritual beliefs visible, it also serves as a historical record. Created for the salvation of souls, it reflects the ideals, desires, and, at times, the fears of the community, offering key insights into the social conditions of the time. By examining the meanings and transformations seen in Kamnodo, we can gain a deeper understanding of gender perception in Chosŏn Buddhist art.

Social intelligence of cadets of the security and defence sector higher education institutions who receive higher education in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”

The article emphasises that for the actors of the security and defence sector, solving various communication situations is a constant and important task which can become difficult to perform if the social intelligence abilities are not sufficiently developed. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social intelligence abilities of higher education students of higher education institutions of the security and defence sector, who study in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”, was carried out. It is emphasized that the specificity of the social situation of the study participants' intellectual abilities development is due to certain features: lockdowns and quarantines of 2020–2021 with the vast majority of distance education, which were caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus infection; martial law, which has been in force since February 2022. The senior students of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs and the Military Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University took part in the study. The empirical data were obtained using J. Guilford’s psychodiagnostic methodology for studying social intelligence. It has been found that the general level of social intelligence of most of the surveyed cadets corresponded to the average level. It has been shown that the general level of social intelligence of the cadets studying “Psychology” was higher than that of the cadets studying “Law”. It has been revealed that the differences in the level of social intelligence of the surveyed groups of cadets were due to a statistically significantly higher level of development of the ability to predict the consequences of the behaviour of others in typical conditions among cadets studying “Psychology” and a more developed ability to understand the logic of interaction situations and the significance of people's behaviour in these situations. It has been established that the most developed ability of social intelligence of the study participants studying in the speciality “Law” was the ability to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of a person depending on the context of the situation that caused them. It has been argued that the specific social conditions of personality formation of higher education students in recent years have not significantly affected the level of development of their social intelligence abilities. The main directions of development of social intelligence abilities of cadets studying in different specialities are presented.

An Eco-linguistic Analysis of Urban Landscape and Social Critique in James Joyce's Dubliners

The main objective of this research is to revisit Stibbe (2015) framework of Eco-linguistics where he believes that it analyses language to reveal the stories we live by, judges those stories from an ecological perspective, resists damaging stories and contributes to the search for new stories to live by. This study examines James Joyce's Dubliners through an eco-linguistic perspective, focusing on the interplay between language, environment, and social critique. The detailed descriptions of Dublin's urban landscape and ecological symbols reflect the characters' inner lives and critique early 20th-century social conditions. The analysis draws on theoretical contributions from eco -linguistics and environmental criticism, emphasizing the use of linguistic landscapes and ecological metaphors to convey themes of stagnation, aspiration, and interconnectedness. By immersing the reader in the physical and social environments of Dublin, Joyce's language deepens empathy for the characters and enhances understanding of broader socio-environmental issues.

Analysis of Social Aspects and Educational Values in Formulating Scholarship Policy: A Case Study in Aceh

This article analyzed the role of social aspects and educational values in scholarship policy formation, focusing on a case study of implementation in Aceh, Indonesia. The research aimed to understand the impact of integrating social and educational factors in scholarship policymaking and how this affects the effectiveness of the program in promoting educational access and equity. This study used a qualitative approach to collect data from various sources, including interviews with stakeholders, analyses of policy documents, and surveys of scholarship recipients. The focus was on how the Aceh Scholarship policy was designed to address the specific social challenges of the region, particularly the impact of post-conflict and natural disasters. The results showed that effective scholarship policies require an in-depth understanding of the social context and educational needs. The Aceh Scholarship, for example, successfully demonstrated how policies tailored to local social conditions could increase educational participation and positively impact social and economic recovery. This analysis provided important insights for policymakers, education practitioners, and donor agencies on the importance of considering social factors in designing scholarship programs.

Impact of Floods on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Communities in Sungai Tabuk

High rainfall resulted in flooding in the Sungai Tabuk area. Floods have had a complex impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community. Analysis of the impact of floods is needed to design post-disaster community development strategies. The purpose of this research is to describe the social and economic impacts of floods in Sungai Tabuk. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the impact of flooding on social conditions included: 1) demographic conditions of the population who experienced changes in social structure, 2) decreased health conditions, 3) decreased quality of education, 4) damage to housing, while the impact of flooding on economic conditions included: 1) loss of livelihood, 2) decrease in income, 3) damage to crops and loss of valuable documents.

Investigation of the influence of 45-minute pre-sleep social media use on sleep quality and memory consolidation in adolescents

Adolescents devote a significant portion of their time to smartphone usage, often engaging in social media activities. Social media use has previously been linked to diminished sleep quality and reduced sleep durations in correlational studies. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the influence of pre-sleep social media use on memory consolidation, subjective arousal and objectively assessed sleep quality in adolescents. We compared the social media condition to two reading conditions, one involving reading a book on a smartphone and the other reading from a physical book in a within-subjects design. Twenty participants between 12 and 14 years engaged in these activities for 45 min before bedtime. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicated that pre-sleep social media use did not have a discernible impact on sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal or memory consolidation. All assessed sleep measures remained consistent across the three conditions. Subjectively, the social media condition was rated less thrilling than the reading conditions. This suggests that, within the confines of this experiment, pre-sleep social media exposure did not significantly disrupt adolescents' sleep or their ability to consolidate memories during sleep. This deviation from previous correlational studies might be explained by a possible impact of mental health factors on media consumption and sleep or the fact that contrary to their daily routines participants had to sleep after our intervention and could not continue to engage in their activities. This highlights the need for further investigations into the complexities of this interaction.