Social Campaigns Research Articles

Representations of Palestinian Culture in the Digital Public Sphere: A Semiotic Analysis of the Thobe and the Keffiyeh

Palestinian cultural identity has always been the flip side of the Palestinian people’s political resistance. While many studies have examined Palestinian culture from political and historical perspectives, limited academic works have investigated how social media plays a role in providing opportunities for Palestinians to resist negative stereotypes and provide alternative representations of their cultural symbols, including traditional customs. In its attempt to fill a gap in the existing body of knowledge, this article examines the contemporary representation of Palestinian culture, in particular, national garments—the thobe and keffiyeh —in the digital public sphere. Through employing theories of representation, the digital public sphere and applying semiotic analysis, this article follows four main X (formerly known as Twitter) hashtag-based trends that highlight traditional Palestinian garments (thobe and keffiyeh): #MyHistoricalThobe, #TweetYourThobe, #WorldKeffiyehDay, and #KeffiyehDay. Forty tweets extracted from top 10 X accounts, which first appeared in a hashtag search and were tweeted using these hashtags, were selected and coded. Using a semiotic analysis, the article deconstructed the tweets into connotation and denotation elements to better understand what the thobe and the keffiyeh mean collectively in the context of Palestinian cultural narrative. This research contributes to the debate concerning the relationship between interactive digital platforms and contemporary cultural resistance. It pushes forth the argument that shared representations of national cultural symbols are noticed when examining, and collectively reading, particular social media-based campaigns.

Community Empowerment Through Social-Business Programs in Qurban Activities in North Sumatera

Community service activities, known as Abdimas, are executed through targeted social campaigns directed at Muslims in Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. These individuals actively engage in the qurban program in North Sumatra, adopting the sacrificial entrustment scheme. The primary objective of this community service initiative is to empower local goat breeders and facilitate the equitable distribution of sacrificial meat within various regions of North Sumatra, encompassing Tebing Tinggi, Medan, and Deli Serdang. The employed methodology for this community service endeavor adheres to participatory action research (PAR), emphasizing active involvement from diverse stakeholders to effectively attain communal development objectives. The outcomes of the social campaign revealed the enthusiastic participation of 700 Qurbani performers, with 70% originating from Singapore and the remaining 30% hailing from Malaysia and Indonesia. The sacrificial ritual involved 700 goats, resulting in the production of approximately 7,500 packs of sacrificial meat. The subsequent distribution of qurban proceeds engaged village heads, hamlet heads, and local communities in the Tebing Tinggi, Medan, and Deli Serdang areas. This article sheds light on the positive contributions of Abdimas activities, emphasizing the empowerment of local goat breeders and the fostering of community solidarity through the support of the qurban program.

Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings

Effective communication and digital literacy are crucial for addressing misunderstandings about the Southern African approach to sustainable use in Western settings. This paper highlights the need to enhance conservation communication and explores the role of digital communication in bridging the gap between the Southern African approach and Western conservation paradigms. The Southern African emphasis on community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) and sustainable wildlife use for both conservation and economic purposes often faces misinterpretation and scepticism in Western societies that prioritize preservation and non-consumptive use. By analysing literature, case studies, and communication strategies, this study identifies the challenges stemming from cultural biases, differing conservation ideologies, and limited understanding of the Southern African context. It investigates the significance of digital literacy in overcoming these challenges by promoting the development of technology skills among conservation practitioners and members of communities coexisting with wildlife, equipping them with relevant digital tools, promoting information sharing, fostering cross-cultural dialogue, and engaging diverse stakeholders through digital platforms. The paper stresses the significance of utilizing diverse communication channels (including social media, online forums, websites, campaigns, multimedia tools, and educational resources) to share accurate and culturally sensitive information about the Southern African approach. It highlights the necessity for tailored communication strategies that consider the distinct needs and values of various audiences, incorporating digital approaches involving active listening, dialogue, and the integration of local knowledge. This study promotes the development of inclusive and accessible spaces through improved digital literacy and effective communication strategies. It advocates for mutual understanding and collaboration between Western and Southern African conservation practitioners, stakeholders, and decision-makers. By leveraging digital platforms and enhancing communication competencies, the Southern African approach can be better comprehended within Western settings, fostering sustainable conservation practices and nurturing collaborative partnerships in conservation initiatives.

Deadly Coal Social Campaign in Environmental Advocacy Efforts for Indigenous Community of Kalimantan

In the midst of the high production of coal to meet the energy needs of society, JATAM strives to carry out a social campaign for environmental advocacy in the indigenous communities of Kalimantan. The purpose of this article is to describe the management of JATAM's deadly coal campaign in advocating for the environmental rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan due to coal mining activities. A qualitative research approach was chosen to uncover data to address these objectives. The data collection techniques employed were interviews and documentation through online media monitoring. The data analysis technique utilized three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the campaign aims to advocate for the rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan to have a safe and healthy environment without mining contamination. The primary target audience includes indigenous communities and the government. In its implementation, JATAM engages in discussions and provides writing training for indigenous communities. Furthermore, JATAM collaborates with Greenpeace and other international NGOs to conduct on-the-ground lobbying of government policies through various actions. The targeted communities have shown a change in attitude and behavior, demonstrating acceptance and willingness to learn about the impacts of mining and their rights to life in their indigenous land.

Effects of Social Media Health Awareness Campaigns on Lahore-based Youth: A Case Study of COVID-19 [2021-2023

This article explores the impact of social media health campaigns related to COVID-19 on youth. These campaigns aim to disseminate accurate information, combat misinformation, and promote healthy behaviours. The study examines knowledge acquisition, its influence on youth behaviours, its effects on mental health, and the factors contributing to the effectiveness of such campaigns. The research hypothesis suggests that these campaigns create awareness, change behaviours, facilitate preventive measures, and are positively utilized by youth. The study, conducted through a questionnaire in Lahore, includes 350 participants and uses descriptive survey methods and statistical analysis to assess the impact of these campaigns on the youth population, shedding light on their role during the COVID.

Is the silver generation still on the labour market or already inactive? The situation of the elderly on the Polish labour market

The aim of the article is to determine the economic situation of people aged over 50 and the conditions of their professional activity. The subject of the analysis is the labour market of Poland – an EU Member State and of the OECD, a country that has undergone a political transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. The research methods applied in the study included: literature analysis, methods of statistical analysis based on descriptive statistics tools, analysis of variability and logical analysis of cause and effect relationships. To achieve the aim of the article, several research questions were formulated. First of all, these addressed several issues: Is the population aged 50+ in Poland is still professionally active? What are the reasons for the decision to be professionally active or inactive? What factors influence changes in the number of pensioners? Is the situation of people aged 50+ on the Polish labour market different from their situation in other EU countries? The research methods used in this study are: literature analysis, statistical analysis method based on descriptive statistic tools, analysis of variability, and logical analysis of cause and effect relationship. By the way of conclusion, an attempt was also made to compare the situation in Poland with the models of life of the elderly in other European economies of such countries as Czechia, Germany, Sweden and Italy. The main findings were the following: the economic situation of the elderly in Poland deteriorated, their willingness to look for work and activity increased, but unfortunately this search was hindered by significant barriers to accessing the labour market. Recommendations for economic policy include demands to take specific actions to extend professional activity, facilitate access to digital job search methods, and social campaigns to counteract ageism.

Unraveling the Dark Side of Social Norms—Toward a Research Agenda on the Challenges of Social Norms in Health Communication

ABSTRACT Social norms are a promising means in health crisis communication because they can guide collective action to reduce risk. However, recent research on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that social norms may have not fully supported strategic goals and even contributed to phenomena that hindered risk reduction, calling into question the potential of social norms campaigns. This became most evident during the COVID-19 pandemic in the emergence of alternative norms of measure opposition, stigmatization of norm-deviant individuals, and the issue of free-riding. The article analyzes these phenomena from a social identity and communication perspective and outlines areas for further inquiry in health and crisis communication. The goal is to pave the way for a research agenda dedicated to the dark side of social norms to unlock the full potential of social norms in times of (health) crisis.

Willingness to accept human papilloma virus vaccination and its associated factors among parents with eligible daughters in Addis Zemen town, Northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Evidences show that, routine immunization of girls at age 14 year and immunization of girls at age 9 year through a 5 years extended interval between doses are the most efficient to control the disease. Despite this, there is very little information on parents’ willingness to accept the human papilloma virus vaccine. Therefore, assessing willingness to accept human papilloma virus vaccination and its associated factors among parents with eligible daughter will help to designing, implementing and monitoring effectiveness of HPV vaccine immunization program.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 386 parents with eligible daughters from 8July–6August, 2022. The multistage sampling technique was used. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Responses were coded and entered into the computer using EPI data version 4.606 statistical packages, and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Frequencies, percentages and means were as to describe the study variables in relation to the participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed. The statistical significance was set at a p-value of < 0.05 with its respected odds ratio.ResultsA total of 386 study participants were included in the study. Among participants, 80.3% (95% CI: 76.3, 84) were willing to vaccinate their daughters for HPV vaccination. The parents’ willingness was affected by the male parents ([AOR = 3.5; 95% CI (1.673–7.371)], fear of side effects [AOR = 0.385; 95% CI (0.206–0.718)], and with poor awareness on the HPV vaccine [AOR = 0.483; 95% CI (0.259- 0.900)].ConclusionThe study has shown that willingness to accept the HPV vaccine is about 80% and significantly affected with parental sex, information on the HPV vaccine, and fear of side effects. As such, it may be helpful for the health care providers and the health care policy makers to emphasize on providing easily understandable information using mass media and social campaign. In addition giving trainings more targeted to female parents might be important.

Mental health status and the quality of life of infertile women receiving fertility treatment in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Infertility poses significant physical and psychological challenges for women of reproductive age. In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of depression among infertile women is alarmingly high, reaching 44.32%. Additionally, over 50% of infertile women worldwide experience varying degrees of decline in their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of infertility on the mental health status and quality of life of infertile women in Bangladesh. Between December 2022 and March 2023, 375 infertile women in Dhaka, Bangladesh were selected using simple random sampling for this cross-sectional study. The participants’ mental health status was assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), while their quality of life was evaluated by the Short Form-12 (SF-12) scale. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.7%, 55.0%, and 48.7%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that infertile homemakers had 2.98 (95% CI: 1.30 to 6.80) times the odds of depression than government service holders. Aborted infertile women had 1.8 (95% CI: 1.10 to 3.26) times the odds of depression. Infertile women who married between 20 and 24 years old were 49% (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.98) less anxious than those who married earlier. Low-income infertile women (&lt;30,000 BDT) were 2.29 (95% CI: 1.02 to 5.14) times more likely to be stressed than those with higher incomes (&gt;60,000 BDT). Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that education and infertility diagnosis status significantly affect the Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) scores of the Short Form-12 (SF-12). In contrast, age, occupation, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were the significant predictors for the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12). Policymakers may use lessons learned from this study to incorporate appropriate counseling techniques, social awareness campaigns, and media involvement to control the added burden of infertility on women’s psychological health and quality of life.

SEIRS model for malaria transmission dynamics incorporating seasonality and awareness campaign

Malaria, a devastating disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a significant public health concern, claiming over 600,000 lives annually, predominantly among children. Novel tools, including the application of Wolbachia, are being developed to combat malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. This study presents a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SEIRS) compartmental mathematical model to evaluate the impact of awareness-based control measures on malaria transmission dynamics, incorporating mosquito interactions and seasonality. Employing the next-generation matrix approach, we calculated a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2.4537, indicating that without robust control measures, the disease will persist in the human population. The model equations were solved numerically using fourth and fifth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The model was fitted to malaria incidence data from Kenya spanning 2000 to 2021 using least squares curve fitting. The fitting algorithm yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.6463 when comparing the actual data points to the simulated values of infectious human population (Ih). This finding indicates that the proposed mathematical model closely aligns with the recorded malaria incidence data. The optimal values of the model parameters were estimated from the fitting algorithm, and future malaria dynamics were projected for the next decade. The research findings suggest that social media-based awareness campaigns, coupled with specific optimization control measures and effective management methods, offer the most cost-effective approach to managing malaria.

Seasonality of COVID-19 incidence in the United States.

The surges of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared to follow a repeating pattern of COVID-19 outbreaks regardless of social distancing, mask mandates, and vaccination campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the seasonality of COVID-19 incidence in the United States of America (USA), and to delineate the dominant frequencies of the periodic patterns of the disease. We characterized periodicity in COVID-19 incidences over the first three full seasonal years (March 2020 to March 2023) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We utilized a spectral analysis approach to find the naturally occurring dominant frequencies of oscillation in the incidence data using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Our study revealed four dominant peaks in the periodogram: the two most dominant peaks show a period of oscillation of 366 days and 146.4 days, while two smaller peaks indicate periods of 183 days and 122 days. The period of 366 days indicates that there is a single COVID-19 outbreak that occurs approximately once every year, which correlates with the dominant outbreak in the early/mid-winter months. The period of 146.4 days indicates approximately 3 peaks per year and matches well with each of the 3 annual outbreaks per year. Our study revealed the predictable seasonality of COVID-19 outbreaks, which will guide public health preventative efforts to control future outbreaks. However, the methods used in this study cannot predict the amplitudes of the incidences in each outbreak: a multifactorial problem that involves complex environmental, social, and viral strain variables.

Living with visible scars: The social stigmatization of burn survivors.

Objective: To assess the social stigmatism, in adult burn survivors with visible scars, that they face in the society. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: May 2022 to April 2023. Material &amp; Methods: The study included 64 participants aged 16 to 55 years who were awaiting reconstructive surgery and had experienced visible scarring from burns for over six months. Data on perceived stigmatization were collected using the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (PSQ). The demographic profile, burn characteristics, and socio-economic factors of the participants were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27, including post-stratification chi-square tests. Results: Of the 64 participants, 87.5% reported experiencing perceived stigmatization, with gender being a significant factor. Notably, 91.7% of females reported stigmatization, compared to 75% of males. Marital status, educational level, scarred body parts, visibility of scars in public, and age at the time of burn were also strongly associated with perceived stigmatization. The study revealed the mean scores for three domains: Absence of friendly behavior (2.58 ± 0.64), Confused/Staring behavior (3.15 ± 0.57), and Hostile behavior (2.19 ± 0.72). Conclusion: This study underscores the prevalence of perceived stigmatization among burn survivors, particularly those with visible scars on their face and hands. The findings emphasize the importance of social support and awareness campaigns in mitigating these challenges. Greater efforts are needed to address the psychosocial issues faced by burn survivors and promote empathy and inclusivity in society. Further research is crucial to understanding the experiences of burn survivors from diverse backgrounds.

The Social Contagion Potential of Pro-Vaccine Messages on Black Twitter

ABSTRACT Black Americans in the US not only suffered from disproportionately high hospitalization and death rates throughout the pandemic but also from the consequences of low COVID-19 vaccination rates. This pattern of disparity is linked to distrust of public health systems that originates from a history of medical atrocities committed against Black people. For that reason, mitigation of race-based inequity in COVID-19 impacts might find more success in grassroots information contagion than official public health campaigns. While Black Twitter is well-positioned as a conduit for such information contagion, little is known about message characteristics that would afford it. Here, we tested the impact of four different message frames (personalization, interactive, fear appeal, neutral) on the social contagion potential of bi-modal social media messages promoting COVID-19 vaccinations and finding personalized messages to be the most shareable. Wary of recommending personalization as the blueprint for setting a social contagion health campaign in motion, we probed further to understand the influence of individual-level variables on the communicability of personalized messages. Subsequently, regression models and focus group data were consulted, revealing that thinking styles, vaccine confidence levels, and attitudes toward social media were significant factors of influence on the contagion potential of personalized messages. We discussed the implications of these results for health campaigns.

The effect of the ‘Swim Reaper’ program on water safety awareness, drowning mortality and morbidity among males aged 15–34 years in Aotearoa, New Zealand

Background and Objective: To increase water safety awareness among young males New Zealand introduced the Swim Reaper program in 2016. The program ran annually over summer and in 2018/19 an evaluation was conducted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the 2018/19 Swim Reaper social media-based campaign on self-reported water safety awareness and identify changes in fatal and nonfatal drowning rates for New Zealand resident males aged 15–34 years before and after the 2016 Swim Reaper program. Methods: Online surveys pre (December-2018) and post (February-March-2019) Swim Reaper campaign were used to estimate water safety awareness post-campaign relative to pre-campaign using negative binomial regression adjusted for potential confounders. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, adjusted for seasonality, explored changes in drowning mortality, hospital admissions and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims pre and post program introduction (2016). Results: A total of 518 males responded (50.6% post-campaign). There were significant improvements (post vs. pre-campaign) in self-reported water safety awareness. ITS analysis showed a reduction in drowning related hospital admissions post relative to pre-program (RR = 0.47; [95%CI: 0.24–0.90]; p = 0.02). Discussion: Young males are an at-risk cohort for drowning and creating behavior change among this group can be challenging. Using a unique, humor-based approach the Swim Reaper program appears to be having some impact on self-reported water safety behaviors, as well as unintentional drowning-related hospitalization rates. Further evaluation, more clearly linked to campaign themes, is required to ascertain direct impact of the program. Conclusion: The novelty and reach of the campaign within the context of a prevailing downward trend in drownings may provide support for social media-based programs targeting this hard-to-reach demographic.

Acceptance, Awareness, Attitude, and Practices Toward Heart Transplantation: A Saudi Based Survey.

The awareness of brain death and heart donation (HD) among the Saudi population remains limited, coupled with negative attitudes toward heart donation, resulting in a significant gap between the demand for donor hearts and the available supply. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the current perceptions, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi population regarding HD, as well as identify the obstacles. The ultimate goal was to strengthen the local donor pool. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2023, employing a self-administered internet survey. The survey collected demographic information, assessed awareness, attitudes, and practices related to HD, and was completed by 1820 participants from various regions in Saudi Arabia. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Chi-square test, Independent-samples t-test, one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation coefficient was performed with the significance level set at p < 0.05. A significant portion of the population (out of 1820 participants) lacked organ donation cards and were uncertain about the registration process. Participants displayed a moderate level of knowledge about HD, with roughly half holding unfavorable attitudes toward HD. A considerable percentage of participants 62.0% were unwilling to register as heart donors, but a majority (79.9%) were willing to contribute by disseminating information about HD. The study identified significant associations between knowledge scores and several factors, including age (p = 0.002), career (p = 0.000), possession of an organ donation card (p = 0.000), and a history of transplantation or organ donation among relatives (p = 0.000). A significant relationship was observed between attitude scores and several factors, including career (p = 0.001), Saudi region (p = 0.025), possession of an organ donation card (p = 0.000), and a history of transplantation or organ donation among relatives (p = 0.000). The study highlights the urgent need for increased awareness to bolster the number of local heart donors. The involvement of healthcare professionals and social campaigns is essential to enhance public knowledge and potentially boost the willingness of individuals to become donors.

Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: analysis of media messaging in India

This study aims to shed light on the limitations in the Indian government’s communication about COVID-19 vaccines through the mass media and how it may have impacted the vaccination rate in the country. The study argues that while vaccine scarcity is an important challenge, vaccine hesitancy and refusal are also major barriers to achieving adequate immunization coverage in India. Using Chadwick’s hybrid media system framework, the study combines data from traditional and social media to evaluate the Indian government’s COVID-19 vaccine campaign, specifically the Public Service Announcements (PSAs) promoting COVID-19 vaccinations. The study finds that the government’s PSAs supporting COVID-19 vaccinations are limited, especially when compared to private vaccine PSAs, despite India’s success with PSA campaigns for other vaccinations such as polio, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS prevention. By comparing social media health campaigns of analogous health agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom, the study identifies significant flaws in India’s message structuring and establishing credibility and trust in COVID-19 vaccines. The study’s findings suggest that the Indian government’s failure to use media effectively to promote COVID-19 vaccines may have influenced the vaccination rate in the country, potentially allowing for future outbreaks.

Not “just a bad period”— The impact of a co-created endometriosis social media health campaign: a mixed methods study

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a visual social media health campaign. The #1in10 campaign was co-created by the Danish Endometriosis Patient Association and women with endometriosis.MethodsSeven semi-structured interviews were conducted with campaign participants to evaluate their experience of participating. The interviews were then analyzed thematically. Social media metrics on the reach of the campaign were gathered to assess how the campaign had performed.ResultsSeven themes were identified in the interviews: (1) Taboo, (2) Visibility, (3) Awareness, (4) Acknowledgment, (5) Empowerment, (6) Patient Experts, and (7) Community. Throughout the interviews, the women conveyed that they found their participation in the campaign meaningful, as it contributed to creating awareness and recognition of a disease otherwise surrounded by taboo and stigma. Social media metrics show how the #1in10 campaign reached both people inside and outside the endometriosis community. Across the FEMaLe Project's three social media platforms, 208 (51.5%) of engagements were with patients with endometriosis, 96 (23.7%) were with FEMaLe employees and advisers, 94 (23.3%) were with the general public, and 6 (1.5%) were with policymakers. In the month the #1in10 campaign was released, the FEMaLe Project's Twitter and Instagram accounts had more impressions than almost any other month that year (except January on Twitter and November on Instagram). The FEMaLe Project's LinkedIn had the same number of impressions as in other months.DiscussionThe study shows that the #1in10 social media campaign had an impact on three levels: on an individual level for the participating patients, on a communal level for people with endometriosis, and on a wider societal level. The participating patients felt empowered by their involvement with the campaign and the act of coming forward. The participants acted on behalf of their community of people with endometriosis, in the hopes that it would raise awareness and acknowledgment. In return, the community engaged with the campaign and added significantly to the dissemination of its message. On a societal level the campaign has caught particular attention and engagement compared to other posts made on the same social media accounts.

Expression of Dissidence: NOW-a Publishing House as a Social Movement Campaign under an Authoritarian Regime

This research article analyses Polish underground publishing during the late Cold War using the NOW-a publishing house as an example. The innovation of my approach lies in an attempt to bring closer Western and Eastern studies on various aspects of resistance. The subject of Polish resistance has already been studied, but more can be done with reference to the concept of everyday resistance. Protest sites are examined in this article in relation to the question of how urban and rural geography can play a role in bringing a movement together. The contribution revives Charles Tilly’s concepts to study Polish resistance and to see historical developments from a social movement perspective.

Nurturing Healthy Media Consumption Habits in Early Childhood: A Social Campaign Approach

In contemporary society, the pervasive presence of digital devices has profoundly influenced the media consumption patterns of young children, presenting challenges and opportunities for their development. This study explores the impact of media content on early childhood and the urgent need for informed parental supervision. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&amp;D) methodology, a comprehensive social campaign titled "Healthy Watching" was developed and implemented in Pontianak, Indonesia. The campaign aimed to empower parents, particularly mothers, with the knowledge and skills necessary to guide their children's media interactions effectively. Through educational seminars, videos, stickers, and social media platforms, the campaign fostered awareness about age-appropriate content, screen time limits, and the importance of active parental engagement. The campaign's efficacy was evaluated through stakeholder engagement and behavioral assessments of eight target mothers. The results indicate significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, emphasizing the campaign's success in promoting healthy media consumption habits. This study provides valuable insights into the design and implementation of social campaigns to address the challenges of digital media in early childhood.

Vulnerability to heatwaves: a scoping review of prevention programs. Results from the ENBEL project

Abstract Background This study, conducted as part of the European ENBEL project (Horizon 2020), aims at synthesising the scientific evidence on heat health preventive measures targeting vulnerable populations, considering other environmental co-exposures, such as air pollution, wildfires and droughts. Methods A scoping review was performed on Medline and Embase (Ovid) through search terms on clinical and social vulnerabilities, health outcomes (morbidity, mortality, hospitalisation), heatwaves, droughts, air pollution, wildfires, and preventive measures. Records in English published between 2000 and 2023 were included and screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Results 8608 records were retrieved, 5895 of which screened after duplicate removal. 51 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The interventions, mainly targeting workers (from agriculture, healthcare, waste management, firefighting and military sectors) and school athletes, were the most evaluated preventive measures. The role of hydration, rest in the shade, cooling cloths and food, and acclimatisation procedures were highlighted for both groups. On the other hand, local prevention plans, mainly from high-income Countries, focused on the elderly, adults in poor health conditions, homeless and institutionalised people. The implemented measures concentrate on cooling interventions, provision of health care and social services, education and information campaigns. Regarding co-exposures, a study on prevention for firefighters and one on the implementation of Clean Air Centres in California for people vulnerable to heat and smoke were retrieved. A search of the grey literature will be performed to avoid publication bias. Conclusions There is still limited evidence on the effectiveness of preventive measures aimed at protecting vulnerable subgroups from heat-related health effects. The present findings can help orient the public health agenda and research priorities on climate changes adaptation measures. Key messages • Heatwaves are more frequent due to climate change, putting vulnerable population at risk. Developing plans and programs aimed at reducing negative health outcomes related to heat should be a priority. • Hydration, rest, and acclimatization procedures reduce heat-related illnesses in workers and athletes. Local prevention plans for the elderly show the role of education and information.