Social Assistance Services Research Articles

DAMPAK KORUPSI BANSOS TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PANDANGAN MAHASISWA SEKOLAH TINGGI DESAIN INDONESIA

This article explores the impact of corruption on social assistance programmes and its effect on community welfare from the perspective of design students. Corruption, which is a practice that harms both the state and society, often hinders the effectiveness of social assistance programmes, which should aim to improve social welfare. Design students, with different backgrounds and approaches, produce different perspectives in analysing the impact of corruption on social welfare. Through case studies and qualitative analysis, this article shows how corruption can affect social assistance distribution, service quality, and community satisfaction. The results show that design students have an assessment of social assistance corruption cases and design students can play an important role in reducing corruption and increasing the effectiveness of social assistance, so that it can contribute to improving people's welfare.

Regional Workforce Dynamics in West Virginia: Insights from Shift-Share and Location Quotient Analysis

West Virginia, home to approximately 1.77 million residents, has been grappling with significant economic challenges characterized by persistent poverty and sluggish growth. Despite ongoing development efforts, the state’s Gross State Product (GSP) has seen only a modest increase of 0.1% over the past five years, reaching USD 71.7 billion, while the unemployment rate remains at 4.0%. The annualized employment growth rate of 0.7% lags behind the national average, and only about 54% of West Virginia’s adult population is either employed or actively seeking employment, resulting in one of the lowest labor force participation rates in the nation. In contrast, certain industrial sectors, such as healthcare, social assistance, retail trade, and accommodation and food services, have shown intermittent growth at the county and regional levels. To explore the unique characteristics and significance of these regions in relation to employment growth, this study examines regional employment patterns in West Virginia from 2001 to 2020, focusing on the main regions of the state: Metro Valley, Mid-Ohio Valley, New River/Greenbrier Valley, Mountain Lakes, and Potomac Highlands. Utilizing shift-share and location quotient (LQ) analyses, this research identifies the sectors driving regional employment and assesses their performance. Key findings reveal strong sectoral performance in mining, manufacturing, and finance in the Mid-Ohio Valley; wholesale trade, transportation, and utilities in the Metro Valley; agriculture and administrative services in the New River/Greenbrier Valley; agriculture and manufacturing in the Potomac Highlands; and scientific services, healthcare, and utilities in the Mountain Lakes region. Based on these insights, this study recommends targeted policy interventions to address regional disparities, enhance sectors with significant short- and long-term benefits, and foster balanced economic development across the state.

Public mental health services in Southern China and related health outcomes among individuals living with severe mental illness

Background Although national policies in China are comprehensive and instructive, a wide disparity exists between different cities. The current status of public mental health services by region in China remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate policies related to public mental health services, the contact coverage of public mental health services and outcomes of service users.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern China, between April 2021 and March 2022. Considering the geographical location, socioeconomic development levels, and prevalence of severe mental illness, four cities including Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen were selected. Relevant service providers were asked to report data on mental health policies and facility-related information, including mental health resources, registration rates of patients, management rates of patients, and medication rates of patients. Eligible patients were invited to report service user-related data, including contact coverage of public mental health services and their outcomes. SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe four cities in Southern China have made different efforts to develop public mental health services, primarily focusing on socio-economically disadvantaged individuals. Community health centers in Guangzhou and Shenzhen reported having more professional human resources on mental health and higher mental health budgets for patients. The contact coverage rates of most public mental services were higher than 80%. Patients in Changsha (B = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1–0.5), Guangzhou (B = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1–0.3), and Shenzhen (B = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1–0.4) who received social medical assistance services reported higher levels of medication adherence. Patients in Wuhan (B = -6.5; 95%CI: -12.9--0.1), Guangzhou (B = -2.8; 95%CI: -5.5--0.1), and Shenzhen who received community-based rehabilitation services reported lower levels of disability (B = -2.6; 95%CI: -4.6--0.5).ConclusionsThere have been advances in public mental health services in the four Southern cities. The contact coverage rates of most public mental health services were higher than 80%. Patients’ utilization of public mental services was associated with better health outcomes. To improve the quality of public mental health services, the government should try to engage service users, their family members, and supporters in the design, delivery, operationalization, and evaluation of these public mental health services in the future.

Aspects of state control of social assistance as a function of social protection management in the Republic of Moldova

World experience proves that no state can successfully carry out radical reforms in economic and political, social and cultural life without also having a developed network of social assistance services and specialists, able to protect people in difficulty. In this context, in addition to regulations, reforms, training, financing, programs, projects, the need to control their application and capitalization is imposed. As a result, the field of social assistance, which includes a wide spectrum of specific benefits and services, each with particularities in regulation, application, financing, but indispensable for the categories of beneficiaries to whom they are addressed, it is necessary to establish and apply the control function through to institutions with attributions and functions in that direction.

Psychotherapy as an expansion of activities addressed to clients of aid institutions and organisations

Looking at the narratives given by conumers of aid services, it seems in many situations the scope of support should be expanded to include psychotherapy. This happens primarily when the expected impact of institutional support is not sufficient due to childhood traumas, unprocessed losses, rejection by significant others, toxic family system that all preclude proper functioning. This article discusses most popular psychotherapy modalities practiced in Poland that have scientific basis (cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, systemic) as well as forms of psychotherapy (individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, couples therapy). The author indicates practical aspects of psychotherapy services functioning in Poland in a widely construed mental health and social assistance services sphere.

Attributions and competencies in professional work in social assistance: Social Work, Psychology and Occupational Therapy in focus

Introduction: social assistance services are spaces for the work of different professionals, who dialogue through their knowledge and practices, forming reference teams. However, in everyday services, professionals are not always clear about their specificities in team work. Objective: to analyze the attributions and competencies of professional categories participating in social assistance service teams, specifically Social Work, Psychology and Occupational Therapy. Methodology: The data was produced through documentary and field research, interviewing 15 workers who make up the reference teams of four social assistance facilities. Results: The discussion about attributions and competencies takes place differently between professions, with Social Work having a greater need to differentiate such attributions, understanding them as private acts. There is an attempt by the three professions and the interviewees to define specificities, which are related to central issues of their professional groups, without these necessarily being seen as exclusive attributions. Conclusion: Although professions and professionals seek to differentiate themselves in tesm work, the sharing of responsibilities and competencies predominates, which in the daily services contributes to the difficulties surrounding the delimitation of professional specificities.

Analysis of The Influence of Social Assistence Hope Family Program on The Benefit of Society (Quality of Education) Study in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, North Sumatera

This study aims to see the effect of satisfaction, service, and the benefits of social assistance services for the Hopeful Family Program. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis method. Source of data in this research is primary data by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The population of this study were 175 people and a sample of 65 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that: a) Partially the variables of satisfaction and public service programs did not have a significant effect on the benefit of the community in terms of the quality of education, while the use of services had a significant effect on the benefit of the community in the quality of education. b) Simultaneously the variables of satisfaction, service programs and service benefits together influence the benefit of society in the quality of education with a P-Value = 0.000 < α 0.05. Based on the R2 test, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable was 33.9%, while the remaining 66.1% was influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Disparities in Prevalence of COVID-19, Long COVID, Disease Severity, and Mental Health Outcomes among US Adults by Industrial Sector of Employment, September-November 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major adverse impact on people’s health and well-being in the United States (US) and globally. Although inequalities in COVID-19 prevalence and to a lesser extent in Long COVID and related mental health impact among US adults have been documented, disparities in COVID-related outcomes by industrial sector of employment, an important social determinant, have not been studied. Using the latest nationally representative data, we examine disparities in COVID-19, Long COVID, and associated mental health impact among US adults aged ≥18 years by industrial sector. Methods: Using three consecutive rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from September 14 to November 14, 2022 (N=148,813), disparities in COVID-related outcomes by industrial sector were modeled by multivariable logistic regression after controlling for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health insurance, and other demographic characteristics. Results: During September–November 2022, an estimated 117 million or 48.7% of US adults reported having been diagnosed with COVID-19; 34.3 million or 29.4% of COVID patients reported developing Long COVID; 14.7 million or 12.6% of COVID patients reported experiencing severe COVID symptoms; 10.7% of COVID patients reported serious depression, and 17.8% reported serious anxiety. Adjusted for covariates, workers in wholesale trade, finance and insurance, educational services, healthcare, social assistance, and accommodation and food services had 30-39% higher odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 than workers in the agricultural sector. Workers in social assistance, real estate, utilities, construction, and healthcare sectors had 48-102% higher adjusted odds of developing Long COVID than workers in wholesale trade. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Marked disparities in COVID-related outcomes existed, with workers in employment industries such as healthcare, social assistance, real estate, arts and entertainment, and accommodation and food services being at increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, Long COVID, severe COVID symptoms, serious depression, and anxiety. Equitable access to social services and healthcare, including mental and behavioral health services, among workers afflicted with these conditions is critical to reducing inequities in COVID-related health outcomes. Copyright © 2023 Singh et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Social Assistance for Poor Communities in the Perspective of Dependency Theory (A study on the community in the Winangun Dua sub-district, neighborhood 1, Manado City)

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the benefits and forms of social assistance provided by the state through the plaintiff's community, which are claimed to be in accordance with the objectives of social assistance services. Data collection methods used in this study consisted of interview and observation methods. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display and reasoning. As a result, it was found that welfare beneficiaries in Winangun Dua Village, District 1 received welfare in the form of the Family Hope Program (PKH), Smart Indonesia Card (KIP) and Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS). The assistance provided is often used by beneficiary families to help ease the burden on the poor in dealing with their daily lives. This social assistance can improve the standard of living of beneficiary families, help the community's economy, strengthen school spirit, and enable recipient families to open small businesses.

Model Clinic to Increase Preventive Screenings Among Patients With Physical Disabilities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Intervention Pilot Study.

People with physical disabilities often experience premature multimorbidity and adverse health events. A tailored primary care approach for this vulnerable population that also accounts for social and functional risk factors could promote healthier aging and more equitable health care. This project will evaluate the implementation of a health program designed for people with physical disabilities. The proposed evaluation result is to generate the first best-practice protocol focused specifically on developing primary care to help reduce preventable causes of morbidity and improve functioning among people with physical disabilities. We will design and implement a pilot health program for people with physical disabilities at a primary care clinic within Michigan Medicine. The health program for people with physical disabilities will be an integrated intervention involving a tailored best practice alert designed to prompt family medicine providers to screen and monitor for common, preventable health conditions. The program will also collect social and functional status information to determine the patient's need for further care coordination and support. Adult participants from this clinic with identified physical disabilities will be targeted for potential enrollment. To create a quasi-experimental setting, a separate departmental clinic will serve as a control site for comparison purposes. A quantitative analysis to estimate the treatment effect of implementing this health program will be conducted using a difference-in-differences approach. Outcomes of interest will include the use of preventative services (eg, hemoglobin A1c for diabetes screening), social work assistance, and emergency and hospital services. These data will be extracted from electronic health records. Time-invariant covariates, particularly sociodemographic covariates, will be included in the models. A qualitative analysis of patient and health care provider interviews will also be completed to assess the effect of the health program. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scores will be assessed to both screen for depression and anxiety as well as explore program impacts related to addressing health and functioning needs related to physical disabilities in a primary care setting. These will be summarized through descriptive analyses. This study was funded in September 2018, data collection started in September 2021, and data collection is expected to be concluded in September 2023. This study is a mixed methods evaluation of the effectiveness of an integrated health program designed for people with physical disabilities, based on a quasi-experimental comparison between an intervention and a control clinic site. The intervention will be considered successful if it leads to improvements in greater use of screening and monitoring for preventable health conditions, increased social worker referrals to assist with health and functioning needs, and improvements in emergency and hospital-based services. The findings will help inform best practices for people with physical disabilities in a primary care setting. DERR1-10.2196/50105.

Problems of research in the field of diagnosis and correction of deviations in students of higher educational institutions

Recently, deviant behavior in students of higher educational institutions, not only in Russia, but throughout the world, has become an increasingly serious problem. Students increasingly demonstrate abnormal behavior that deviates from the norms accepted in society, and, thereby, undermine the processes of education and upbringing. Despite numerous studies and psychodiagnostic and psychocorrective developments in the field of diagnosis and correction of disorders in the functioning and development of children and adolescents, students, boys and young people, as well as adults, still continue to be ignored. This study is aimed at determining the main areas of diagnosis (detection) and therapy (correction) of deviations. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the problems of research, psychodiagnostics, and psychocorrection of deviations in students of modern higher educational institutions and analyze various types of deviations, as well as methods and principles of diagnostic and corrective work with deviations. This goal is considered in the context of the tasks of social and psychological assistance services for educational subjects, which are actively created and developed in higher education in Russia. The used research methods included an analysis of the theoretical foundations of psychodiagnostics and correction of deviations. The paper highlights the main methods and principles of diagnosing and correcting deviations, which can be productively used by specialists of academic services of psychological support for the educational process of the higher educational institution. The importance of the integrated work of an interdisciplinary team of specialists is noted; proposals and recommendations to improve the methods for diagnosing and correcting deviations in students are made.

Social security in pandemic times: an analysis on access to emergency Aid at CRAS in Riacho Fundo II

This study aims to analyze the access of users of the CRAS (Social Assistance Reference Center) in Riacho Fundo II, Brasília-DF, during the COVID-19 pandemic period (SARS-CoV-2), between 2020 and 2022. It considers the concerns surrounding the Emergency Aid, an urgent measure adopted by the Federal Government, in an analysis of the performance of the so-called social assistance services. The theoretical framework of the research is based on a reflection that follows the guidelines of a qualitative-quantitative approach, meaning a qualitative understanding of the phenomenon through bibliographic research, followed by a quantitative application involving field research and data tabulation.A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to establish a behavioral profile of the study group. The obtained results led to the conclusion that there were various obstacles to ensuring citizenship and access to assistance rights during a health, economic, and social crisis, which reaffirmed the importance of socially relevant actions in safeguarding the rights of the vulnerable population. With knowledge of these challenges, the Federal, State, and Municipal governments can work to improve their management capacity, reduce bureaucracy for receiving assistance, and consider aspects of support and monitoring for these beneficiaries. This study is justified by recognizing that during the pandemic, providing assistance to the population is considered an essential service and a legally guaranteed right.

Social Media Literacy Assistance to Ponorogo Instagram Admins as Citizen Journalism Activities

Instagram administrators @ponorogo.update, @setenpo, @iloveponorogo, and @infoponorogo have played an active role in an organic movement of citizen journalists in Ponorogo. This Instagram admin has actively amplified Ponorogo locality-themed information that residents need, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instagram in Ponorogo has been accessed with a high engagement rate. Besides that, the Instagram admin acts as a curator of information and has been able to determine the behavior patterns of netizens in Ponorogo. The social media literacy assistance service uses the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) method, which consists of laying the foundation, planning research, gathering and data analysis, and acting on findings. The CBPR method is then synthesized with a theoretical framework for digital literacy levels. The result of this service program is that the Instagram Ponorogo admin and the service team succeeded in formulating a guidebook for managing Instagram as a medium for disseminating information on Ponorogo residents. This social media literacy guide booklet has been synchronized based on social media regulations and can be used applicatively. All stages of community service are practical strategic steps so that Ponorogo residents are accustomed to receiving credible and valid information (a well-informed society) and minimizing the occurrence of misinformation, disinformation, and hoaxes.

Effects of Career Development and Competencies on Social Affairs: Employee Performance as Mediating Variable

This study aims to know how great the influence of career development, motivation work, and competence on employee performance as well as the impact on the Social Affairs Agency of South Sulawesi Province. Method analysis used is analysis path. The research results show that the development of a career and competence in a way simultaneous is very influential in social assistance services. However, partially, competency does not influence social assistance services, while employee performance partially has a strong relationship with social assistance services. A combination of development career, competency, and performance employee is a strong unity that affects social assistance services. The results of the indirect effect test using Sobel Test calculations have proven that there is a positive and significant indirect effect on career and competency development, through employee performance regarding social assistance services. This indicates that performance employees are capable of mediating completely (full mediation) between career development and competency towards improving social assistance services at the Social Affairs Agency of South Sulawesi Province.

Saving time for activation or relationships? The legitimation and performance of automated decision-making for time efficiency in two street-level bureaucracies serving poor and unemployed clients

ABSTRACT In the last decade, digitalized automated decision-making (ADM) has been implemented in many Swedish municipal social services to achieve values such as legal security, client empowerment and time efficiency. The paper aims to understand how ADM policy is legitimized and performed through time efficiency, by a comparison of ADM policy in two Swedish municipalities’ social assistance agencies. It builds on 17 interviews with managers and professionals in two Swedish municipalities’ social assistance units. Findings show ADM is legitimized through arguments of activation and relationships, and performed by handling more applications or increasing time spent with clients, rather than being perceived as increasing the quality of social assistance services. This highlights the significance of organizational goals regarding how street-level bureaucrats perform tasks within their discretionary powers.

A study on the managerial profiles of commissioned officers at SASDH-AC for improved community service

This research article addresses the theme of managerial profiles of commissioned employees assigned to the Municipal Secretariat of Social Assistance and Human Rights in Rio Branco, Acre state. Identifying the following problematic: What is the perception of managerial competencies among commissioned employees of the Municipal Secretariat of Social Assistance and Human Rights in Acre, and which models stand out based on Quinn's model? The objective of this study is to analyze the perspectives of employees regarding managerial competencies and how they are exercised in the context of SASDH-AC. The approach used is quantitative, a Likert scale questionnaire was used, and the data were collected through Google forms. The research results indicated that there was a predominance in the roles of negotiator and innovator. The results indicated that the negotiator and innovator profiles were the most prevalent among SASDH-AC employees. These managerial competencies were identified as fundamental for the transformation of organizational development, especially concerning decision-making. These findings suggest the importance of managerial competencies in the performance of commissioned employees in SASDH-AC, emphasizing the need for investment in training and development programs for these skills. Understanding the predominant managerial profiles can contribute to the improvement of management practices in the public agency, aiming for greater effectiveness in promoting human rights and providing social assistance services to the population of Rio Branco - Acre.

Extent and nature of poverty in Australia and the impact on rural health

The Senate Standing Committee on Community Affairs is conducting an Inquiry into the extent and nature of poverty in Australia.1 The National Rural Health Alliance (the Alliance) made a submission to this Inquiry in February 2023, with findings expected in October 2023.2 The Alliance believes that all Australians, wherever they live, should have access to comprehensive, accessible and high-quality health, disability and aged care, as well as other social assistance services. The Alliance does not consider that poor access to services, suffering ill health or premature death should be accepted outcomes of living in rural Australia. The Alliance highlights the multidirectional inter-relatedness of health, education and poverty and explores these concepts in further detail in its submission to the Senate Inquiry. Reducing poverty is good for health outcomes as well as social and economic outcomes. Investing in actions to address poverty, and other determinants of health, is an investment in human capital and is central to health and well-being in rural Australia, as are measures that ensure universal access to health care for those who experience inequity. Universal and structural social service approaches to reducing economic inequality are also essential to addressing poverty and health inequity. Due to the inter-relatedness of poverty and ill health, such approaches must work alongside co-designed and tailored solutions that are adaptable and flexible and build upon strengths and capabilities in local communities. This is especially critical in rural areas where there are thin or failed markets and services or support are lacking. Rural areas are not mini-metropolitan areas where a city solution can be ‘helicoptered in’ to solve a specific rural problem (no matter how well-intended). Tailored measures are likely to be more accepted and embraced by residents, especially if they are co-designed and inclusive of diversity within the community and when shared ownership can help drive the outcomes. The disparities also extend to research in rural Australia. Poverty is relative. It involves people experiencing deprivation and making difficult life decisions about necessities (for example, choosing to use limited finances to pay for meals or medications, but not both). The affordability of food, groceries, energy, housing, fuel or transport and other essentials (including medicines, out-of-pocket health costs) plays an important role in these decisions. Access to high-quality, affordable health care, regardless of where you live, is important to reducing poverty and improving the health, well-being and broader social and economic goals of rural communities. The Grattan Institute has noted that poorer people are not getting the GP services they need, with disadvantaged Australians facing barriers to care. Furthermore, there are even higher access barriers for allied health services. Compared with GP care, allied health services have higher average out-of-pocket charges and make up a bigger share of household spending on health.9 This is without considering barriers related to workforce shortages and long wait times in rural areas. The National Preventive Health Strategy 2021–2030† provides direction for preventive health action across the course of life. It also presents an opportunity to build sustainable systems, address increasing burden of disease and reduce health inequities, as well as improve preparedness for emerging health threats.10 Preventive health actions can build on strengths and mitigate risks. The focus on providing the best start in life and across the life course, and its potential to influence actions outside the health sector given the crossover in risks and protective factors, can provide a focus for community co-design. These principles align with the Primary care Rural Integrated Multidisciplinary Health Services (PRIM-HS) model proposed by the Alliance as a solution for providing primary care services in rural areas where the market is failing or has failed.‡ While the causes of poverty are complex, as are the multifaceted responses required, the Alliance argues that improving access to health care and supporting the healthcare workforce in rural Australia will lead to significant improvements in health and well-being and lower the rate of poverty experienced. This will, of course, advantage not only rural Australians but all who benefit from the food supply, exports and gross domestic product (GDP) supplied by the 30 per cent of the population who live outside metropolitan centres. Margaret Deerain: Writing – review and editing; writing – original draft.

Planning and designing universal access to social services. A pioneering local program on welfare spaces in Italy

The combined effect of socio-economic and demographic changes exerts pressure on the welfare systems and makes it more urgent to provide appropriate answers to increasing and diversifying needs with scanter resources. Local social services are strongly committed to such challenges. The physical features of the spaces of welfare, often neglected both by research and by implementation, play a fundamental role in the attempt to innovate and extend access to social assistance services. The article analyses how, at the urban level, the interplay between urban planning and welfare policies might contribute to reshaping the traditional physical structures of social welfare services and, through these, the patterns of access to local welfare. Building on an experimental project tested and then consolidated in Milan, the article analyses the role of the spatial dimensions of welfare places, namely the contexts, settings and artefacts, in increasing accessibility, lowering the threshold, reducing stigmatization, ensuring (or not) the coherence between policies and programmes’ objectives and approaches and the features of the spaces where such programmes and policies are implemented and where citizens experience them. Moreover, it discusses alternative planning strategies and tools in use to design the current spaces for welfare and to govern their distribution and organisation at the city level.

Do compromisso ético-político à concepção de projeto profissional na terapia ocupacional: um debate necessário ao trabalho na assistência social

Abstract Occupational therapists compose technical teams in social assistance services before the formalization of their insertion in the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), which occurred in 2011. As a result, the discussion about the work in this sector and the social question has gained relevance in the profession from an interventional and theoretical-academic point of view. In this study, from a Marxist perspective, we reflect on how the social question determines the demands observed in social assistance work. Next, we present the concepts of societal projects - understood as collective projects that express class intentions for society, and of professional projects - defined as collective projects related to professions composed of ethical and political principles, which are theoretical and methodological references for professional practice, and that establish bases for their relationships with service users, other professions, and organizations and institutions. We conclude by proposing that social occupational therapy is a theoretical and methodological framework that can be adopted to construct a critical-transformative professional project: critical of the structure and dynamics of capitalist society that continually replace the expressions of the social question, touching the everyday life of subjects; critical of the neoliberal model of State management that weakens rights and makes people’s lives precarious; critical of the conservative trends of work in social assistance that individualize, medicalize, psychologize, and moralize the reading of problems presented as professional demands; critical of the role and social function of occupational therapy in its relationship with society, breaking with a technical and supposedly neutral view of the profession.

КАССЫ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ВЗАИМОПОМОЩИ КАК ИНСТИТУТ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ КОЛХОЗНИКОВ НАКАНУНЕ И В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ УРАЛЬСКИХ АРХИВОВ)

The article highlights a little-studied form of social protection of the eve and during the Great Patriotic War – public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers. The party and state policy and the activities of the authorities to preserve and develop the system of funds were studied and the evolution of their network were studied in materials from the Greater Urals (Bashkir ASSR, Udmurt ASSR, Kurgan, Molotov, Chelyabinsk, Chkalov regions). The problems that arose in the public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers, primarily related to the formation of their material and financial resource base and adaptation in wartime conditions, were identified. The differences between the two stages of development (pre-war and war) of the funds as an institution of social protection of collective farmers, which arose in line with the Soviet social policy in the collectivized village on the «from the bottom up» initiative, was revealed. It was concluded that social assistance, social support, and social services have become the three main areas in the activities of public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers, and despite the unfavorable conditions during the years of war, this social institution was not destroyed and continued to perform its functions.