Social Appearance Anxiety Research Articles

Association Between Eating Disorder Risk and Family Structure and Social Appearance Anxiety Among College Freshman.

Eating disorders can be described as continuous eating or eating-related behavior disorders that are detrimental to health or psychosocial function. The present study determines the association between eating disorder risk and family structure and social appearance anxiety among college freshman. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 683 freshman based on socio-demographic data, Eating Attitude Test, a Family Structure-System Assessment Device comprising 36 questions and a Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. A risk of eating disorders was identified in 10.2% of the participants. In the analysis, female gender (P = .013), young age (P = .022), presence of social appearance anxiety (P = .010), and a negatively defined family structure (P = .022) were found to increase the risk of eating disorders. Family structures should be considered when screening for young people at risk of eating disorders.

Relationship Of The Social Appearance Anxiety With Self Esteem And Social Adjust

Relationship Of The Social Appearance Anxiety With Self Esteem And Social Adjust

Social Appearance Anxiety and Dimensions of Identity as Predictors of Friendship Quality among Adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationships between social appearance anxiety, dimensions of identity, and friendship quality among adolescents. The sample of the research consisted of 285 adolescents (163 female and 122 male) attending Anatolian High School. The current study was conducted by correlational research design. The instruments of the study were The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS), The Friendship Quality Scale, and The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. The analyses of the study carried out by SPSS 23.0 program. The study finding showed that friendship quality was negatively associated with social appearance anxiety, and positively associated with commitment and in-depth exploration. Also, the results showed that commitment and social appearance anxiety significantly predicted the level of friendship quality. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

Association Between Eating Disorder Risk and Family Structure and Social Appearance Anxiety Among College Freshman

Association Between Eating Disorder Risk and Family Structure and Social Appearance Anxiety Among College Freshman

Covıd-19 Korkusu Yeme Bozukluğunu ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısını Etkiler mi? Türkiye'deki Genç Kız Üniversite Öğrencileri İle Tanımlayıcı Bir Araştırma

Aim: This research was conducted to determine the effect of fear of COVID-19 on eating disorder and social appearance anxiety in young female students.
 Method: The sample of the descriptive type of research consists of 416 female students who are taught at two faculties of the public university located in eastern Turkey. The research data was collected using the demographics characteristics form, the fear of COVID-19 scale, eating disorder examination questionnaire, and social appearance anxiety scale.
 Results: In the study, it was determined that the young females had a near-moderate level (18.51 ± 6.86) of COVID-19 fear. Besides, a significant positive relationship was found between COVID-19 fear and social appearance anxiety and eating disorder total, and sub-dimensions (weight concern, eating concern, shape concern, restraint, binge eating) mean scores (r=.388, r=.192, r=.200, r=.192, r=.172, r=.128, r=.289; p

Social Appearance Anxiety and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of University Students

Bu araştırma; üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüm kaygısı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi bazı demografik değişkenlere göre incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, kesitsel ve ilişkisel tarama modelinde betimsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmaya 220 kız (Xage = 24.57) ve 237 erkek (Xage = 22) olmak üzere toplam 457 üniversite öğrenicisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Sosyal Görünüm Kaygı Ölçeği” ve “Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları-II Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t-testi ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, sosyal görünüm kaygısı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları toplam ölçek puanının cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı; ancak kişilerarası ilişkiler ve sağlık sorumluluğu puanlarında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Sosyal görünüm kaygısı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeğinin sağlık sorumluluğu, fiziksel aktivite, beslenme, manevi gelişim, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve stres yönetimi alt boyut puanlarının egzersiz yapma durumuna göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yapılan korelasyon analizi sonuçları üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüm kaygıları ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyli ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir.Üniversite öğrencilerinde egzersize katılımın sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını desteklediği ve sosyal görünüş kaygısını azalttığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca sosyal görünüş kaygısının sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ile olumsuz bir ilişki ortaya koyduğu ifade edilebilir.

Investigation of Social Appearance Anxiety Levels of Physical Education and Teaching, Coaching Education and Sports Management Department Students in Terms of Different Variables

This research was carried out in order to determine the anxiety levels of the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, who are studying at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in the province of Burdur, in the Republic of Turkey, according to their departments, due to their social appearance.The population of the research is Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, a higher education institution in Burdur, and the sample is a total of 201 university students, 57 female and 144 male, studying in the “Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education” departments of the sports sciences faculty of this university has created. The “Social Physics Anxiety Inventory” scale, which was developed by Hart et al. (1989) and was adapted to Turkey by Mülazımoğlu, Ballı, and Aşçı (2006), consisting of 12 items and two sub-scales, was developed by Hart et al. (1989) in order to measure students’ anxiety levels towards their social appearance (Doğan, 2010; Mülazımoğlu-Ballı & Aşçı, 2004). Only the 7-item part, which is suitable for the characteristics of the Turkish people, was used. Appropriate SPSS program was used for the analysis of the data obtained in the research. In addition, before starting the research, the students filled out a “Voluntary Consent Form” to declare that they participated in the research voluntarily. “Pearson Correlation” test to examine the relationship between variables, the “Independent Samples” test to detect the effects of variables on each other, and the one-way analysis of variance test (One-Way ANOVA) to detect the difference between groups, and multiplexes to find between which groups this difference is “Bonferroni” test which is one of the comparison tests (Post Hoc) was applied. Significant differences were taken as p < 0.01 and p < 0.05.As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are positive and negative significant differences in the anxiety levels of 51 female and 144 male students studying at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education departments. Regarding the evaluation of these determinations, it can be said that female students are more sensitive than male students in terms of social appearance.

The Relationship Between Childhood Traumas with Social Appearance Anxiety and Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: The Mediating Role of Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and social anxiety are two concepts related to body dissatisfaction. These concepts have been linked to sociocultural attitudes to appearances and painful experiences in interpersonal relationships. Objectives: The present study examines the relationship between childhood traumas with social appearance anxiety (SAA) and BDD through the mediating role of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance (SATA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 415 university students in Tehran, Iran using the convenience sampling method in 2019 - 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Amos version 21 software. Results: According to our results, while childhood traumas were not directly related to BDD (β = 0.059; SE = 0.31), SAA seemed to play a statistically significant mediating role (β = 0.17; SE = 0.005). Moreover, childhood trauma was related to SAA both directly (β = 0.24; SE = 0.001) and through the mediating role of SATA. In addition, SATA (β = 0.17; SE = 0.005) significantly predicted BDD (β = 0.27, P < 0.001). The assumed model was in good fit with the acquired data (CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.95, NFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.046). Conclusions: Children who have had traumatic experiences may experience anxiety and self-doubt. Thus, childhood traumas are ostensibly related to signs of BDD and SAA through the mediation of sociocultural attitudes. Childhood traumas can also predict susceptibility to rejection in interpersonal relationships. However, no results have been found to mediate rejection sensitivity concerning trauma with BDD and SAA.

Machine learning classification model using Weibo users' social appearance anxiety

Social platforms aggravate social appearance anxiety (SAA). Therefore, identifying groups with high levels of SAA on social media is critical. Psychological indicator classification and modelling by using social media data can be performed without intrusion. Furthermore, accurate psychological portrayal of social desirability can be obtained using social media data. The study extracted 9 Weibo features related to SAA based on theoretical basis. A support vector machine was used to establish a relationship between the Weibo user data and SAA scale. The results revealed that the accuracy (ACC) of using the activity history of Weibo users to identify SAA was approximately 73.8%. The high-ACC automatic classification of users' SAA can be directly accomplished by analysing users' social media behaviour data. The results of the study can be used to distinguish for SAA and help users develop a positive and reasonable body image.

The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Self-Management (SPIN-SELF) Program: protocol for a two-arm parallel partially nested randomized controlled feasibility trial with progression to full-scale trial

BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (scleroderma; SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease. We completed an initial feasibility trial of an online self-administered version of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Self-Management (SPIN-SELF) Program using the cohort multiple randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Due to low intervention offer uptake, we will conduct a new feasibility trial with progression to full-scale trial, using a two-arm parallel, partially nested RCT design. The SPIN-SELF Program has also been revised to include facilitator-led videoconference group sessions in addition to online material. We will test the group-based intervention delivery format, then evaluate the effect of the SPIN-SELF Program on disease management self-efficacy (primary) and patient activation, social appearance anxiety, and functional health outcomes (secondary).MethodsThis study is a feasibility trial with progression to full-scale RCT, pending meeting pre-defined criteria, of the SPIN-SELF Program. Participants will be recruited from the ongoing SPIN Cohort (http://www.spinsclero.com/en/cohort) and via social media and partner patient organizations. Eligible participants must have SSc and low to moderate disease management self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD) Scale score ≤ 7.0). Participants will be randomized (1:1 allocation) to the group-based SPIN-SELF Program or usual care for 3 months. The primary outcome in the full-scale trial will be disease management self-efficacy based on SEMCD Scale scores at 3 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes include SEMCD scores 6 months post-randomization plus patient activation, social appearance anxiety, and functional health outcomes at 3 and 6 months post-randomization. We will include 40 participants to assess feasibility. At the end of the feasibility portion, stoppage criteria will be used to determine if the trial procedures or SPIN-SELF Program need important modifications, thereby requiring a re-set for the full-scale trial. Otherwise, the full-scale RCT will proceed, and outcome data from the feasibility portion will be utilized in the full-scale trial. In the full-scale RCT, 524 participants will be recruited.DiscussionThe SPIN-SELF Program may improve disease management self-efficacy, patient activation, social appearance anxiety, and functional health outcomes in people with SSc. SPIN works with partner patient organizations around the world to disseminate its programs free-of-charge.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04246528. Registered on 27 January 2020

Stigma, social appearance anxiety and coping in men and women living with skin conditions: A mixed methods analysis.

The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance-related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females. The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom. 231 participants (n=199 females, n=30 males, n=2 non-binary) completed a cross-sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS-21), and qualitative data from free-text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed. Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males. Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.

Beliren yetişkinlikte romantik ilişki doyumu

The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which the length, status and importance of current romantic relationship, the number of previous romantic relationship, as well as individual factors, such as levels of self-compassion, and anxiety about social appearance, are predictors of the romantic relationship satisfaction of young adults. The study included 284 university students but 34 of them were removed for several reasons and analysis was carried out with 250 participants (59.6% female, 40.4% male). Relationship Assessment Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, and demographic information form were used to collect data. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed that the importance of the current romantic relationship, the number of previous romantic relationships, and levels of self-compassion were positive predictors but the length and the status of the relationship, along with the level of anxiety regarding social appearance were not significant predictors of romantic relationship satisfaction. The model explained 37% of the variance in the romantic relationship satisfaction of young adults.

Investigation of Positive Thinking Skills and Social Appearence Anxiety of Faculty of Sport Sciences Students

Background: With the developing technology in the 21st century, societies are changing. With the change of societies, the spiritual and psychological needs of the people who make up the societies also change and the factors affecting these needs show differences. Aim: In this study; It was aimed to examine the positive thinking skill levels and social appearance anxiety of students studying at Trabzon University Faculty of Sport Sciences. Methods: The research is a survey model study. The sample group consists of a total of 165 students, 63' female and 102' male, studying at Trabzon University Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2020-2021 period. Students participated in the study voluntarily. Detailed information about the scale was given to the participants. The data were both prepared electronically with Google Forms (online survey) and sent to the participants from faculty watsap groups, and were collected face-to-face from students who had the opportunity to reach them face-to-face. Positive Thinking Skills Scale (8 items) and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (16 items) were used as data collection tools. The Positive Thinking Skills Scale is a 4-point Likert type, and the validity and reliability studies of the Turkish format of the scale were carried out by Akın, Uysal, and Akın (2015). The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, on the other hand, is a 5-point Likert type, and the validity and reliability studies of the Turkish version of the scale were conducted by Doğan (2010). Conclusion: Within the scope of the study, the positive thinking skills of the students of the faculty of sports sciences and the social appearance anxiety correlation results show that there is a positive and significant difference. Keywords: Sports, Positive Thinking Skill, Social Appearance Anxiety

Persian Version of Social Appearance Anxiety Scale: A Psychometric Evaluation

Background: Social appearance anxiety refers to the fear of negative evaluation and judgment about appearance in social situations. Previous scales have focused more on body dysmorphic, and a tool that can measure this anxiety in social situations has not been previously introduced. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) in the student community. Methods: This psychometric study was conducted on a sample of 415 Iranian students in 2020 using the convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, Body Dysmorphic Scale, and Body Shape Scale. Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and convergent validity were used to examine internal consistency. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and AMOS software (version 21). Results: Cronbach’s alpha for total score was 0.95. The relationship between the SAAS and Body Dysmorphic Scale (r = 0.73; P < 0.01), Body Shape Scale (r = 0.46; P < 0.01), and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (r = 0.79; P < 0.01) showed good convergent validity. The EFA extracted one factor that explained 0.60 of the total variance. After testing the one-factor model in CFA, the analysis showed good fitness indexes (comparative fit index = 0.95; goodness of fit index = 0.91). The item-total correlation of the Iranian SAAS was within a range of 0.51 - 0.84. Conclusions: The present scale has a high internal consistency and reliability and can be used for research and evaluation objectives in clinical settings in Iranian society.

The Relationship Between Social Appearance Anxiety, Automatic Thoughts and Depression-Anxiety-Stress in Emerging Adulthood

The aim of study is to examine the relationship between social appearance anxiety, automatic thoughts and depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. The research was carried out on a total of 381 participants, 214 of whom were women and 167 were men. The ages of the participants were between 18 and 35 and the mean age was 22. Data were collected via Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Automatic Thoughts Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Personal Information Form. Pearson Correlation was used to examine whether there is a relationship between social appearance anxiety, automatic thoughts, and depression, anxiety, and stress. Independent sample t-test was conducted to examine whether the automatic thoughts levels differed in terms of having an emotional relationship. Analysis of variance was used to reveal whether social appearance anxiety differentiated at the level of weight and height satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine whether automatic thoughts and social appearance anxiety predicted depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It was concluded that there are positive and significant relationships between social appearance anxiety, automatic thoughts, depression, anxiety, and stress. The automatic thought averages of who had an emotional relationship were found to be significantly lower than the averages of who did not have. It was determined that there is a difference in social appearance anxiety levels according to height satisfaction. It is thought that studies to reduce automatic thoughts may be effective in reducing psychological symptoms.

Effect of tooth loss on social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life among dental students

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the level of social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life among dental students with and without tooth loss. 
 Methods: This case-control, single-center study was conducted on undergraduate dental students (n=205) from 1st to 4th year. The questionnaire that includes the following items: age, sex, number of missing teeth and location, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and Oral Health Impact Profile -14 (OHIP-14) were distributed to students.
 Results: There was no statistically significant relation between the presence of tooth loss and distribution of SAAS scores (p= 0.692). However, there was a statistically significant relation between presence of tooth loss and number of missing teeth, and the OHIP-14 scores (p = 0.002, p = 0.003). Factors of gender and location of missing teeth were not found to be significantly associated with SAAS and OHIP-14 scores (p>0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between SAAS and OHIP-14 scores (p

The unique and moderated relationships across repetitive negative thinking and disordered eating behaviors in adolescent girls

ObjectiveRepetitive negative thinking (RNT) is associated with eating disorder (ED) symptoms, but few studies have evaluated how RNT may relate to specific ED behaviors (e.g., fasting, binge eating). Furthermore, little research has examined RNT in adolescent girls, a critical population for ED development. Concern over mistakes perfectionism (i.e., preoccupation with and overvaluation of errors) and social appearance anxiety are transdiagnostic risk factors for EDs that may be amplified by RNT, contributing to the development of ED behaviors. MethodThe current study (N = 332 female high school students) explored RNT in an adolescent sample and tested whether RNT was uniquely associated with fasting/binge eating and moderated the relationships between social appearance anxiety/perfectionism and fasting/binge eating. ResultsRNT was not associated with fasting and did not significantly moderate the relationship between social appearance anxiety/perfectionism and fasting. RNT was positively associated with binge eating but did not moderate the relationship between social appearance anxiety/perfectionism and binge eating. ConclusionsRNT may contribute differentially to specific ED behaviors such as fasting and binge eating during ED development. If replicated in prospective data, these findings suggest targeting RNT in adolescence may decrease binge eating.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale to the Portuguese language

ABSTRACT Objectives To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) to the Portuguese language and estimate its internal consistency in a sample of Brazilian young adults. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation process followed international references based on five stages (translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert assessment, and pretest) to assess idiomatic, semantic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence. The internal consistency was estimated by the ordinal alpha coefficient (α). Results The new Portuguese version is presented in this study with minor changes from the original that did not violate the meaning of the items. This version was tested in 30 adults (women = 56.7%, M age = 26.0 [SD = 6.2] years) who understood the content. The participants completed the scale in an average time of 4.6 (SD = .6) minutes. The internal consistency of the scale was good (α = .95) when applied in a sample of 80 adults (women = 51.2%, M age = 28.0 [SD = 5.7] years). Conclusions The new Portuguese version of the SAAS was equivalent to the original in the idiomatic, semantic, and conceptual area. As the Brazilian participants understood the Portuguese version, cultural equivalence was found. The instrument’s internal consistency was adequate to the sample. The findings of this study may help researchers and clinicians interested in using the SAAS in Brazilian context for tracking characteristic symptoms of social anxiety due to physical appearance. However, before using SAAS in any protocol, it is important to evaluate its psychometric properties, especially the construct validity.

Investigation of the relationship between social appearance anxiety and perceived social support in patients with burns

IntroductionSince burns affect body image, they cause appearance anxiety. Interventions designed to reduce appearance anxiety that can cause psychological problems such as depression are important. This study aimed to determine the social appearance anxiety of individuals following burns and the factors affecting it and to examine the relationship between social appearance anxiety and perceived social support. MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted between November 2018 and November 2019 with 106 adult patients with burns. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Shapiro–Wilk test, Independent Two Samples T-Test, One Way Analysis of Variance, Duncan’s test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, the Q–Q plot, and the Durbin–Watson statistics were used in data analysis. ResultsThe social appearance anxiety scores were moderate (39.38 ± 17.71). Being single; having a high level of education; burns on the face, head, or neck; burn-related amputation; and passing the one-week after injury period were found to significantly increase social appearance anxiety (p < 0.05). Although the perceived social support scores of the individuals with burns were high (68.34 ± 18.08), they were found to have no correlation with social appearance anxiety (p > 0.05). ConclusionsThe results of this study show that social support does not affect social appearance anxiety. In this respect, we recommend that interventions such as reconstruction and professional psychological support initiatives be prioritized for individuals with burn trauma who are evaluated to have high social appearance anxiety by the appearance anxiety scales.

Social Media Usage and Social Appearance Anxiety in Young Adults

Social media has become an inseparable and important part of our daily lives. The COVID pandemic has forced people to stay indoors in isolation and has increased social media usage. Social media platforms are means for individuals to connect to other users across platforms, borders and continents. While it is said that social media facilitates a sense of belongingness, productivity and creativity, it also leads individuals to engage in social comparison. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between Social Media Usage and Social Appearance Anxiety. A web-based survey was administered among a sample of 120 individuals from metropolitan cities of India ranging from 18-25 years. Spearman’s Correlation was used to find out whether a significant relationship existed between Social Media Usage and Social Appearance Anxiety. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant and negative correlation between Social Media Usage and Social Appearance Anxiety. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed.