Social Appearance Anxiety Research Articles

Linking body esteem to eating disorders among adolescents: A moderated mediation model.

This study explored the roles of social appearance anxiety and emotional intelligence in the relationship between body esteem and eating-disorder risk among adolescents. A total of 2509 high-school students were sampled to participate in the study. Statistical methods mainly involved descriptive statistics, Bootstrapping, and structural equation modeling analyses. The results showed that social appearance anxiety partially mediated the relationship between body esteem and eating-disorder risk among adolescents; meanwhile, emotional intelligence moderated the effects of body esteem on social appearance anxiety and eating-disorder risk among adolescents.

Role of Problematic Internet Use, Sense of Belonging and Social Appearance Anxiety in Facebook Use Intensity of University Students

The aim of this study was to examine the role of problematic internet usa, sense of belonging and social appearance anxiety in facebook use intensity of university students. The sample of the study consisted of 484 (332 female, 68.6% and 152 male 31.4%) different faculties of various universities of Konya. Problematic Internet Use Scale, General Belongingness Scale, Facebook Intensity Scale, The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Personal Knowledge Form were used in the study. Pearson Correlation Product Conduct and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, There was a significant positive relationship between the mean scores of the participants on the Facebook Intensity Scale and the mean scores of the Problematic Internet Use Scale and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Regression analysis examined shows that social appearance anxiety and problematic internet use and general belonging sense average scale scores were significantly prediction of Facebook İntensity Scale Scores. The results of the research were discussed within the framework of the literature. Based on the findings of the research, comments and suggestions were developed.

Lisans Düzeyinde Turizm Eğitimi Alan Öğrencilerin Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ve Benlik Saygı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this research study is to investigate the social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels of students who studying at the Tourism Faculty of Balikesir University according to some variables and to determine the relationship between them. As a data collection tool, “Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and “Self Esteem Scale” were used in the study. A survey has been implemented to 584 students, studying tourism guiding and tourism management in the study. As a result of the research, the students' social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels did not differ significantly from gender, division, class, and age variables, but differ significantly from social activity, sport, campus, weight and height variables. In addition, a significant and negative relationship was found between the social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels of the students.

Who are we testing? Self-selection bias in laboratory-based eating behaviour studies

Research conducted in controlled laboratory settings plays an important role in understanding human eating behaviour. However, participant characteristics may affect motivation to participate in laboratory eating behaviour research and result in self-selection biases. First-year psychology students (n = 207, 90.8% female, m age = 18.8, m BMI = 21.9) were led to believe that they were choosing between enrolling in one of two laboratory-based studies: an ‘advertising’ study, or an ‘advertising and food’ study; the latter specified that participants would consume food and answer questions about their eating behaviour. Participants subsequently reported demographic information and completed a series of questionnaires assessing psychological characteristics hypothesised to predict self-selection in laboratory eating studies. The majority of participants preferred to participate in a study unrelated to eating over an eating-related study (70.5%, χ2 (1) = 34.90, p < .001). Participants choosing the eating-related study over the non-eating study had higher self-reported external eating tendencies and positive preoccupations with food, lower negative preoccupations with food and social appearance anxiety. Participants choosing the eating related study were also more likely to be male than female, although the number of males in the study was small (n = 19) and this finding should therefore be interpreted with caution. The present study provides some evidence that in university based samples of participants there are likely self-selection biases in laboratory-based eating behaviour studies and researchers may benefit from considering the potential influence of self-selection biases when conducting eating behaviour research.

Implementation of a dissonance-based, eating disorder prevention program in Southern, all-female high schools

Adolescence represents a high-risk period for eating disorder development, and there is great need for effective prevention programs targeted at this population. The Body Project, a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program, has robust literature showing reductions in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. However, many additional factors (i.e., comorbid symptoms, transdiagnostic factors) have not yet been examined in relation to the Body Project. Additionally, there is little known about how to most effectively and broadly disseminate this intervention. The current study (N = 332 adolescents) examines eating disorder symptoms, comorbidities, and transdiagnostic risk factors pre- and post-Body Project and at 1-month follow-up. This study is the first examination of the effectiveness of the Body Project implemented within school programming in southern, all-female high schools. Social appearance anxiety, physical and social anxiety sensitivity, rumination, worry, perfectionism, and guilt, but not depression, cognitive anxiety sensitivity, shame, or exercise dependence, decreased pre- to post-intervention and/or 1-month follow-up. These results support the effectiveness of the Body Project in addressing eating disorder symptoms and suggest it may aid in the prevention of comorbid conditions. Additionally, the effectiveness of the intervention was comparable to past investigations, supporting its use in schools across the United States.

Adaptation of the prosocial behavioral intentions scale for use with Turkish participants: Assessments of validity and reliability

This study adapted and investigated the psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavioral Intentions Scale (PBIS) in a Turkish sample in four sub-studies. Findings of a confirmatory factor analysis (Study 1), and tests of internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Study 2), concurrent validity (Study 3), convergent, and discriminant validity (Study 4), have been presented in this article. The confirmatory factor analysis conducted in Study 1 indicated that the unidimensional-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Study 2 found that the internal consistency value was acceptable and test-retest reliability over a 4-week period was adequate. Study 3 supported the concurrent validity of the Turkish PBIS with reference to altruism and empathy. In Study 4, convergent validity was established based on the correlation between the Adult Prosocialness Scale (APS) and Turkish PBIS. Factor loadings and t-values of the items, composite reliability (CR), and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of the Turkish PBIS were optimal. Discriminant validity was confirmed based on the correlation between the Turkish PBIS and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), with adequate cross-loadings of the PBIS and the Fornell and Larcker criterion. Thus, the Turkish PBIS was found to be a brief, valid, and reliable measure of prosocial behaviors.

The Effects of Sport Education and Fine Arts Education on Social Appearance Anxiety

The purpose of this study is to compare the social appearance anxiety levels of university students studying in different fields. Social appearance anxiety scales which were filled in by 481 students were assessed in the study. T-test and one way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis, while LSD tests were used to find out differences.Social appearance anxiety scale scores were found to be higher in male students when compared with female students. No statistically significant difference was found between social appearance anxiety scale scores in terms of genders (p&gt;0.05). In terms of field of education, social appearance anxiety scale scores of students receiving sport education were found to be lower than the scores of students receiving art and music education and the highest social appearance anxiety scale scores were found in students in the department of educational sciences. Statistically significant difference was found between social appearance anxiety scale scores in terms of field of education (p&lt;0.001).As a conclusion, it was found that sport education caused a higher decrease in social appearance anxiety when compared with fine arts education, while fine arts education caused a decrease in social appearance anxiety when compared with students who received neither sport nor fine arts education. In terms of social appearance contribution, it is thought that art and music education have similar effects to those of sport. Giving sport education to students who are not receiving sport education or making them do sport and giving those interested in sport a chance to be interested in art can be a factor in decreasing social appearance anxiety.

The changes of self-esteem, sensitivity to criticism, and social appearance anxiety in orthognathic surgery patients: A controlled study.

To evaluate the changes of psychologic parameters, such as self-esteem, sensitivity to criticism, and social appearance anxiety, in skeletal Class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to compare the psychologic status of skeletal Class III patients with control subjects. The first group consisted of 60 patients with a mean age of 22.07±1.30years who did not need orthognathic surgery. The second group comprised 45 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (mean age 21.40±2.02years) who were evaluated in terms of psychologic changes from before to after surgery. A third group consisted of 50 Class III patients (mean age 20.09±2.59years) who were evaluated before surgery and a different 50 Class III patients (mean age 22.15±2.03years) who were investigated after surgery. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate psychologic parameters both before and after surgery. Analysis was carried out with the use of independent- and dependent-sample t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey test. Self-esteem of the patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion increased, and sensitivity to criticism and social appearance anxiety decreased significantly after the surgery (P<0.001). In the patients with Class III malocclusion, self-esteem was significantly lower and social appearance anxiety significantly higher before orthognathic surgery than in the control group, and at the postoperative evaluation Class III patients had significantly higher self-esteem than the control group (P<0.001). Through the improvement in facial appearance after surgery, patients' self-esteem increases and their sensitivity to criticism and social appearance anxiety decrease.

Psychosocial effects of otoplasty in adult patients: a prospective cohort study.

This prospective study investigated changes in psychosocial status following otoplasty. All patients who participated in the study filled a sociodemographic form that included age, gender, educational status and job preoperatively. Body Image Scale (BIS), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSES) were completed prior to surgery and 6months postoperatively. A total of 20 patients completed psychometric measures of body image, social appearance anxiety, and self-esteem. Of the patients (6 males, 14 females) whose charts were reviewed, the mean age was 24.05 ± 8.25years (median 22 years: range 18-49) years. Six months post operatively BIStotal scores were increased significantly relative to that of the baseline values (p = 0.005).SAAS scores were decreased significantly relative to that of the baseline values (p = 0.003).Although the postoperative RSES score tended to improve, it was not significantly different from the baseline value. The RSES scores showed significantly strong correlation with the SAAS scores (p < 0.001) and moderate correlation with the BIS scores at baseline (p = 0.013). None of the patients admitted for surgery had low self-esteem at baseline, with all patients categorized as having either moderate (n = 10, 50%) or high (n = 10, 50%) self-esteem. Following surgery, only one patient improved from moderate to high self-esteem. The baseline and postoperative BIS, SAAS, and RSES scores did not significantly differ between women and men. None of the other sociodemographic characteristics showed significant relationships with the three scales. Otoplasty can provide significant positive psychosocial benefits, even in an adult population. Therefore, this type of surgery should be offered to any patient seeking a solution to prominent ear-related psychosocial problems regardless of age.

Diagnostic, clinical, and personality correlates of food anxiety during a food exposure in patients diagnosed with an eating disorder.

Eating disorders are characterized by high levels of anxiety, especially while eating. However, little is known about anxiety experienced during meals and specifically what other variables may impact such anxiety. We sought to further quantify and understand the relationship between food anxiety, eating disorders, and related correlates (e.g., comorbid diagnoses, personality). In the current study [N = 42 participants diagnosed with an eating disorder (n = 36 participants with anorexia nervosa)], we quantified anxiety before, during, and after a meal using data from a food exposure session in a partial hospital eating disorder center. We examined diagnostic, personality, and clinical factors as correlates of food anxiety. Participants were more likely to experience higher food anxiety if they had a current diagnosis of major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Concern over mistakes was the strongest and most consistent correlate of food anxiety regardless of time during the meal that anxiety was assessed. Other significant correlates were fear of positive evaluation, social appearance anxiety, BMI, and trust. These findings show how diagnoses, perfectionism (concern over mistakes), and other correlates relate to anxiety during meals. Food exposure interventions may benefit from personalizations that address these factors. IV Evidence from a randomized control trial, but from the first session before effects of the design would be present.

EVALUATION OF PILATES TRAINING ON BODY AWARENESS AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Purpose: Pilates training is regarded as a mind–body practice that is characterized by gentle and mindful body movements. In contrast to the continuously growing evidence base supporting the beneficial effects of Pilates training on physical and mental well-being, studies investigating its underlying mechanisms are still scarce . The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of students’ body awareness and social appearance anxiety from university students who participated in the Pilates training programme. Material and method: 80 university students who enrolled Pilates training programme partipicated in this study. Students were randomly allocated into two groups; a Pilates group (n=40), and a control group (n = 40). Pilates exercises were given to the first group. The second group was set as the control group and no application was made. Sociodemographic characteristics, body perception and social appearance were analyzed at before and after the aerobic training. All the statistical analyses were set a priori at an alpha level of p<0.05. Results: In a comparison of the Pilates and control groups, statistically significant differences were found in both BAQ and SPAS scores (all p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Pilates programs increase body awareness and social appearance. This correction is important to be patient sample for physiotherapist. For this purpose, we believe that it is important to take part in the training of undergraduate education of aerobic exercise. It is concluded that similar studies should be made for more patients for future. Article visualizations:

Ethnic variance between Asian and European American women in a six month prospective model of eating disorder and social anxiety symptom comorbidity

ABSTRACTEating disorders and social anxiety are highly comorbid. Understanding this comorbidity may improve treatment outcomes, as social anxiety can impair the ability to benefit from eating disorder treatment. The primary model of social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity includes social appearance anxiety, high standards, and maladaptive perfectionism. In the current study, we tested for ethnic invariance between Asians (n = 82) and European Americans (n = 182) in a cross-sectional and prospective comorbidity model of social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms. Differences were found across ethnicity in eating disorder and social anxiety symptom comorbidity. Maladaptive perfectionism predicted social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms in European Americans, whereas social appearance anxiety predicted social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms in Asians. Our findings suggest that interventions for social anxiety and eating disorders in Asian populations may be improved by assessing and targeting social appearance anxiety, while maladaptive perfectionism should be targeted among European Americans.

Social Appearance Anxiety and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scores in Young Physical Disabled Athletes

Introduction: The social appearance anxiety is defined as tension and anxiety experienced by people when they are assessed by others in terms of their physical appearance and self-esteem is defined as feelings of one's personal self-worth, reflecting person's evaluation of his or her own worth. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the differences in social appearance anxiety and self-esteem scores in physical disabled athletes and non-disabled athletes. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-eight physical disabled athletes and 60 non-disabled athletes participated in the study. The Turkish versions of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale was used to assess the points associated with social appearance anxiety and self-esteem. Results: Disabled athletes had higher self-esteem and social appearance anxiety scores compared to non-disabled athletes. Also, disabled athletes having medal had decreased self-esteem and social appearance anxiety scores compared to disabled athletes not having medal. These results suggest that physical activity can improve mental health in especially successful athletes. Also, the self-esteem scores had positive correlation with the social appearance anxiety score in total sample, as well as in disabled athletes and non-disabled athletes. Conclusion: The higher self-esteem and social appearance anxiety scores in disabled athletes may be related to the higher depression, anxiety and psychological stress in athletes compared to non-athletes. These results suggest that physical activity can improve mental health in only top successful athletes.

Measuring and managing appearance anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a progressive, autoimmune, connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that can cause changes in appearance in socially important areas of the body (e.g. face and hands). Social concerns related to changes in appearance can contribute to anxiety specific to situations where one’s appearance will be evaluated, or appearance anxiety. Appearance anxiety is a relevant but underexplored construct in SSc.Areas covered: We review the current knowledge on appearance anxiety in SSc, including assessment of the construct and interventions. Relevant references in the field were obtained through a literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published through September 2018.Expert commentary: There is a dearth of research in the SSc literature examining the construct of appearance anxiety. A growing interest in appearance anxiety in SSc has led to several relevant measures being validated in this population, including the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Important areas for future research are the development of interventions to address appearance anxiety and the use of randomized controlled trials to evaluate these interventions.

Shortening patient-reported outcome measures through optimal test assembly: application to the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort

ObjectivesThe Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) is a 16-item measure that assesses social anxiety in situations where appearance is evaluated. The objective was to use optimal test assembly (OTA) methods...

Male Nursing Students' Social Appearance Anxiety and Their Coping Attitudes.

This study aimed at examining social appearance anxiety levels of male nursing students and their coping attitudes and identifying the relationship between them. A cross-sectional research approach was adopted in a study population of 180; the sample comprised 129 students. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and the Assessment of Coping Attitudes Inventory (COPE). The average age of students was 20.54 ± 1.49 years. The male students’ average score obtained from the SAAS measure was 32.64 ± 13.07, while that of the COPE Inventory was 138.11 ± 14.47. Significant correlations were detected between students’ SAAS scores and COPE scale scores. There were negative relationships between social anxiety scores and COPE subscales of positive reinterpretation and growth (p < .05), use of instrumental social support (p < .05), active coping (p ≤ .01), and planning (p ≤ .01). In contrast, there were positive relationships between social anxiety scores and COPE subscales of mental disengagement (p ≤ .01), denial (p ≤ .01), behavioral disengagement (p ≤ .01), restraint (p ≤ .01), use of emotional social support (p < .05), substance use (p ≤ .01), and acceptance (p < .05). The conclusion was that male students who do not perceive themselves as having an ideal body image face high social appearance anxiety. There is a prejudice that social appearance anxiety has negative effects on these students’ self-confidence. In this context, this research revealed concrete results about how male nursing students have battled the prejudices that they have faced throughout their student life.

Investigation of Appearance Anxiety and the Gender Role in Women's Sports Except for Social Gender Norms

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), conducted by Hart et al. (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan as Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) (Dogan, 2010) was used in our study. In the analysis of the data, t-test and ANOVA test were used. As a result; There was a significant difference between female athletes' hormone use variable and appearance anxiety and gender role (p &lt;0.05). It was determined that female athletes using hormone had appearance anxiety. A significant difference was found between maternal educational status and appearance anxiety and gender role. A significant difference was found between the paternal education status variable and the masculine gender role. A significant negative correlation was found between the age variable and appearance anxiety of female athletes. There was a positive relationship between appearance anxiety and masculine gender role. When the gender role values increase the values of appearance anxiety increase. It is recommended that special contact with women athletes who go beyond the social gender norms should be established according to expert opinions and all actors such as sports managers, trainer, sportsman, referee, physical education teacher etc. should be informed. In order to increase the proportion of women engaged in sports in the society, to support the girls who are new to the sports and not to create false opinions about the sportswomen, it is recommended to put forward the role models suitable for the female athlete profile.

The Effect of Problematic Internet Use, Social Appearance Anxiety, and Social Media Use on Nursing Students' Nomophobia Levels.

This study examined the effect of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nursing students' nomophobia levels. This study was conducted with 755 undergraduate nursing students. Sociodemographic data were evaluated using percentages and means. The effect of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nomophobia levels was assessed by simple linear regression analysis. The mean age of participants was 21.4 ± 1.3; 82.5% were female, and 59.7% (n = 450) had adequate incomes. According to the regression analysis, nomophobia levels have a strong, positive, and significant relationship with the variables of problematic Internet use (β = .39, P < .000), social appearance anxiety (β = .27, P < .001), and social media dependency (β = .28, P < .001). Examining the correlation between nursing students' problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use levels, nomophobia levels had a positively moderate relationship with problematic Internet use (r = 0.259, P < .001), social appearance anxiety (r = 0.320, P < .001), and social media use levels (r = 0.433, P < .001). There is a direct correlation between nomophobia levels and the variables of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use.

The Effect of Problematic Internet Use, Social Appearance Anxiety, and Social Media Use on Nursing Students' Nomophobia Levels

The Effect of Problematic Internet Use, Social Appearance Anxiety, and Social Media Use on Nursing Students' Nomophobia Levels

Validation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that can cause disfiguring changes in appearance. This study examined the structural validity, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and measurement equivalence of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) across SSc disease subtypes. Patients enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort completed the SAAS and measures of appearance-related concerns and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the structural validity of the SAAS. Multiple-group CFA was used to determine whether SAAS scores can be compared across patients with limited and diffuse disease subtypes. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine internal consistency reliability. Correlations of SAAS scores with measures of body image dissatisfaction, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety, and depression were used to examine convergent validity. SAAS scores were hypothesized to be positively associated with all convergent validity measures, with correlations significant and moderate to large in size. A total of 938 patients with SSc were included. CFA supported a 1-factor structure (Comparative Fit Index 0.92, Standardized Root Mean Residual 0.04, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.08), and multiple-group CFA indicated that the scalar invariance model best fit the data. Internal consistency reliability was good in the total sample (α = 0.96) and in disease subgroups. Overall, evidence of convergent validity was found with measures of body image dissatisfaction, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety, and depression. The SAAS can be reliably and validly used to assess fear of appearance evaluation in patients with SSc, and SAAS scores can be meaningfully compared across disease subtypes.