Smooth Action Research Articles

To compare the hemodynamic effects of the infusion of both intravenous induction anaesthetic agents Etomidate and Propofol under bispectral index guidance

Intravenous anaesthetic agents are preferred to induce anaesthesia in day to day practice because of rapid and smoother action with fewer risks. An ideal induction agent for general anaesthesia should have hemodynamic stability, minimal respiratory side effects and rapid clearance. This is a prospective, randomised, single blind, control study of total 60 patients.This study was carried out in Department of Anaesthesiology, at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. In this study, a total of 60 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized into two groups comprising of 30 patients in each group using envelop method. Group A- Patients received Inj. Etomidate infusion at the rate of 0.05 mg/kg/min through syringe infusion pump, and Group B – Patients received Inj. Propofol infusion at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg/min through syringe infusion pump.The hemodynamic response during induction of general Anaesthesia using Inj. Etomidate and Inj. Propofol under BIS guidance. There was no statistically significant difference observed in mean time taken for induction in both the groups. Mean consumed dose for Etomidate was 0.18+0.05 mg/kg and for Propofol group was 1.82+0.34 mg/kg. There was statistically significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure observed in Group B compared to Group A during and after induction up to 7 minutes. After that there was no significant difference observed in both the groups.: Propofol resulted in hypotension and bradycardia even with the reduced doses given with BIS- guided protocol. However, Etomidate provides more hemodynamic stability during induction and in post induction period also. So, Etomidate can be a better choice of agent for induction of General Anaesthesia as compared to Propofol.

Financial Management Governance Effectivity on Economic Value Added

Objective: is to analyze and get empirical evidence of the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions, dividend policy, good corporate governance and profit management both partially and simultaneously on economic value added.
 Design/method/approach: the method used is quantitative method with causality, survey and explanatory as well as predictive. The population in this research is manufacturing companies in Indonesia from various sectors of 2013-2017 and based on purposive sampling technique, the sample is 37 companies.
 Results: the result of the study shows that of the five predictor variables, the dividend policy is the only predictor variable that has effect on economic value added, while simultaneously all predictor variables are not able to affect the economic value added variable.
 Limitations/research implications: the population of this study is manufacturing companies from various with different industries ratio.
 Practical implications: to meet the economic value added value, the profit management (income smoothing) does not need to be implemented. For the investors to pay attention to the financial decisions of the companies.
 Originality/value: is using the profit management, especially income smoothing action as a predictor variable on economic value added.
 
 Keywords: Economic Value Added, Good Corporate Governance, Dividend Policy, Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions, Profit Management.

Linear Z<sub>2</sub><sup>n</sup>-Manifolds and Linear Actions

We establish the representability of the general linear ${\mathbb Z}_2^n$-group and use the restricted functor of points - whose test category is the category of ${\mathbb Z}_2^n$-manifolds over a single topological point - to define its smooth linear actions on ${\mathbb Z}_2^n$-graded vector spaces and linear ${\mathbb Z}_2^n$-manifolds. Throughout the paper, particular emphasis is placed on the full faithfulness and target category of the restricted functor of points of a number of categories that we are using.

Learning Handwriting: Factors Affecting Pen-Movement Fluency in Beginning Writers.

Skilled handwriting of single letters is associated not only with a neat final product but also with fluent pen-movement, characterized by a smooth pen-tip velocity profile. Our study explored fluency when writing single letters in children who were just beginning to learn to handwrite, and the extent to which this was predicted by the children’s pen-control ability and by their letter knowledge. 176 Norwegian children formed letters by copying and from dictation (i.e., in response to hearing letter sounds). Performance on these tasks was assessed in terms of the counts of velocity inversions as the children produced sub-letter features that would be produced by competent handwriters as a single, smooth (ballistic) action. We found that there was considerable variation in these measures across writers, even when producing well-formed letters. Children also copied unfamiliar symbols, completed various pen-control tasks (drawing lines, circles, garlands, and figure eights), and tasks that assessed knowledge of letter sounds and shapes. After controlling for pen-control ability, pen-movement fluency was affected by letter knowledge (specifically children’s performance on a task that required selecting graphemes on the basis of their sound). This was the case when children retrieved letter forms from dictated letter sounds, but also when directly copying letters and, unexpectedly, when copying unfamiliar symbols. These findings suggest that familiarity with a letter affects movement fluency during letter production but may also point towards a more general ability to process new letter-like symbols in children with good letter knowledge.

Smoothing finite group actions on three-manifolds

We show that every continuous action of a finite group on a smooth three-manifold is a uniform limit of smooth actions.

Simulation of Drainage cleaning Robotics system using solid work Tinkercad software

In this paper we are designing simulation using tinkercad solid work software for simulation. In simulation we used pulse width modulation (PWM) to provide very smooth action and speed varieties .for PWM pulse we used ATmega2560 microcontroller. In this design we used robotic system which can reduce the complex mechanism for cleaning the manhole.it will give a clear understanding of the manipulator and its subsystem interactions.

Simulation of Drainage cleaning Robotics system using solid work Tinkercad software

In this paper we are designing simulation using tinkercad solid work software for simulation. In simulation we used pulse width modulation (PWM) to provide very smooth action and speed varieties .for PWM pulse we used ATmega2560 microcontroller. In this design we used robotic system which can reduce the complex mechanism for cleaning the manhole.it will give a clear understanding of the manipulator and its subsystem interactions.

Prescribed Riemannian Symmetries

Given a smooth free action of a compact connected Lie group $G$ on a smooth compact manifold $M$, we show that the space of $G$-invariant Riemannian metrics on $M$ whose automorphism group is precisely $G$ is open dense in the space of all $G$-invariant metrics, provided the dimension of $M$ is "sufficiently large" compared to that of $G$. As a consequence, it follows that every compact connected Lie group can be realized as the automorphism group of some compact connected Riemannian manifold; this recovers prior work by Bedford-Dadok and Saerens-Zame under less stringent dimension conditions. Along the way we also show, under less restrictive conditions on both dimensions and actions, that the space of $G$-invariant metrics whose automorphism groups preserve the $G$-orbits is dense $G_{\delta}$ in the space of all $G$-invariant metrics.

Анализ влияния быстрых и медленных мультипликативных помех на искажения диаграммы направленности системы "решетка-приемник".

The effect of fast and slow multiplicative noise on the distortion of the beam pattern of the «array-receiver» system in the conditions of the smoothing effect of the receiver and taking into account the time of relative lag from the grating elements was analyzed. Expressions are obtained for instantaneous beam patterns of the «array-receiver» system in the absence and presence of multiplicative noise. It is shown that in the case of action of multiplicative noise the beam pattern of the «array-receiver» system is obtained by averaging the instantaneous pattern on the grating correctness at a time interval equal to the signal duration. Influence of periodic multiplicative noise on distortion of beam pattern of system «array-receiver» is investigted. It is shown that for all signals except frequency-modulated, the beam pattern expression is maximized at the time t0=0. It is also shown that the beam pattern distortion of the «array-receiver» system when exposed to periodic multiplicative noise is less than for the separately considered phased antenna array. The degree of reduction of distortion from smoothing action of matched receiver filter is determined; and the distortion is less, the greater the ratio of the spectrum width of the noise modulation function to the signal spectrum width. Analysis of the influence of fluctuation multiplicative noise on the distortion of beam pattern of «array-receiver» system for the case of matching with signal of receiver filter is performed. The power-average beam pattern of the «array-receiver» system is determined through the energy spectrum of the noise modulation function. It is noted that multiplicative noise, all other things being equal, has less effect on the beam-receiver pattern of the system when using broadband pulse signals without intra-pulse modulation and at the same time resolution in range. It is noted that in case of deep phase distortions for gratings with reversible phases, the distortion of the beam pattern of the «array-receiver» system caused by multiplicative noise is significantly more than those distortions associated with the extremity of the signal spectrum width. The newly smoothing effect of the receiver reduces the expansion of the beam lobe caused by multiplicative noise. An expression is obtained for the average power of the beam pattern of the «array-receiver» system with normally distributed phase distortions of the signal. The effect of the signal duration on beam distortions caused by multiplicative noise was quantified.

Schwannoma gástrico incidental identificado durante bypass gástrico em Y de Roux

ABSTRACT When a gastric mass is encountered, the surgeon must make the decision to resect the lesion or stop the surgery (for less morbidity) and discuss the best treatment. it’s rare to find mesenchymal gastric tumors during bariatric procedures, specially gastric schwannomas (GS). 57-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes under treatment, body mass index (BMI) of 36 kg/m2, referring difficulties to lose weight with diet and physical activity. The patient underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYBG) with a wedge resection of a gastric nodule in the anterior wall of the incisura angularis. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was strongly positive for S100, whereas c-kit (CD117), CD45, smooth muscle action (SMA), AE1/AE3 were negative. Hence, a final diagnosis of gastric schwannoma was made. GS should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastric nodules. We also present a surgical option to treat obese patients with gastric nodules during the bariatric procedure.

Tea Consumption and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Singaporean Adults.

ObjectiveThe anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of phytochemicals and the smooth muscle relaxant actions of theophylline present in tea may confer pulmonary protection and reduce COPD risk. We investigated tea consumption (black, oolong, or green) association with COPD risks in a population-based cohort study of older adults aged ≥55.MethodsGOLD criteria was used to identify prevalent and incident cases of COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.70) among 4617 participants and 920 participants free of COPD at baseline who were assessed at follow-up 4.5 years later.ResultsPrevalent cases of COPD consumed less tea than their non-COPD counterparts. Estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of association with prevalent COPD, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, housing type, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and BMI declined across tea consumption levels (p-trend=0.048), and was lowest for ≥3 cups/day (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.61–0.96). The cumulated incidence of COPD declined across tea consumption categories (p-trend=0.012) and the lowest OR of association (OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.17–0.69) with consuming ≥3 cups/day after co-variate adjustment.ConclusionDifferent kinds of tea showed similar non-significant trends of associations but appeared to be strongest for green tea. Tea consumption in this Asian population was associated with lowered COPD prevalence and incidence.

A note on the equivariant cobordism of generalized Dold manifolds

Let (X,J) be an almost complex manifold with a (smooth) involution σ:X→X such that Fix(σ)≠∅. Assume that σ is a complex conjugation, i.e., the differential of σ anti-commutes with J. The space P(m,X):=Sm×X/∼ where (v,x)∼(−v,σ(x)) is known as a generalized Dold manifold. Suppose that a group G≅Z2s acts smoothly on X such that g∘σ=σ∘g for all g∈G. Using the action of the diagonal subgroup D=O(1)m+1⊂O(m+1) on the sphere Sm, we obtain an action of G=D×G on Sm×X, which descends to a (smooth) action of G on P(m,X). When the stationary point set XG for the G action on X is finite, the same also holds for the G action on P(m,X). The main result of this note is that the equivariant cobordism class [P(m,X),G] vanishes if and only if [X,G] vanishes. We illustrate this result in the case when X is the complex flag manifold, σ is the natural complex conjugation and G≅(Z2)n is contained in the diagonal subgroup of U(n).

Characterization of alternating neurogenic motor patterns in mouse colon.

Colonic motor complexes (CMCs) have been widely recorded in the large intestine of vertebrates. We have investigated whether in the smooth muscle, a single unified pattern of electrical activity, or different patterns of electrical activity give rise to the different neurogenic patterns of motility underlying CMCs in vitro. To study differences of the CMCs between proximal and distal colon, we used a novel combination of techniques to simultaneously record muscle diameter and force at multiple sites along the whole mouse colon ex vivo. In addition, electrical activity of smooth muscle was recorded by suction electrodes. Two distinct types of CMCs were distinguished; CMCs that propagated along the entire colon (complete CMC) and CMCs which were restricted to the proximal colon (incomplete CMC). The two types of CMC often occurred in the same preparations. Incomplete CMCs had longer bursts of smooth muscle action potentials than complete CMCs and propagated more slowly. Interestingly, both types of CMC were associated with similar frequency bursts of smooth muscle action potentials at ~2.4Hz. In the most proximal colon, an additional firing frequency was detected close to ~7Hz generating multiple peaks within each CMC. We report distinct characteristics underlying complete and incomplete CMCs in isolated mouse colon. Recognizing these distinct patterns of motility will be important for future interpretation of analysis of murine colonic motility recordings. The identification of alternating patterns of motor activity in proximal colon, but not distal colon may reflect specific neural mechanisms for fecal pellet formation.

A Boothby\u2013Wang Theorem for Besse Contact Manifolds

A Reeb flow on a contact manifold is called Besse if all its orbits are periodic, possibly with different periods. We characterize contact manifolds whose Reeb flows are Besse as principal S^1-orbibundles over integral symplectic orbifolds satisfying some cohomological condition. Apart from the cohomological condition, this statement appears in the work of Boyer and Galicki in the language of Sasakian geometry (Boyer and Galicki in Sasakian geometry, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008). We illustrate some non-commonly dealt with perspective on orbifolds in a proof of the above result. More precisely, we work with orbifolds as quotients of manifolds by smooth Lie group actions with finite stabilizer groups. By introducing all relevant orbifold notions in this equivariant way, we avoid patching constructions with orbifold charts. As an application, and building on work by Cristofaro-Gardiner–Mazzucchelli, we deduce a complete classification of closed Besse contact 3-manifolds up to strict contactomorphism.

Free cyclic group actions on highly-connected 2n-manifolds

Abstract In this paper we study smooth orientation-preserving free actions of the cyclic group ℤ / m {\mathbb{Z}/m} on a class of ( n - 1 ) {(n-1)} -connected 2 ⁢ n {2n} -manifolds, ♯ ⁡ ♯ ⁡ g ⁢ ( S n × S n ) Σ {\mathbin{\sharp}g(S^{n}\times S^{n})\mathbin{\sharp}\Sigma} , where Σ is a homotopy 2 ⁢ n {2n} -sphere. When n = 2 {n=2} , we obtain a classification up to topological conjugation. When n = 3 {n=3} , we obtain a classification up to smooth conjugation. When n ≥ 4 {n\geq 4} , we obtain a classification up to smooth conjugation when the prime factors of m are larger than a constant C ⁢ ( n ) {C(n)} .

Karakteristik, Profitabilitas dan Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index

This study aims to determine the effect of company size, company age, and profitability on income smoothing. This research was conducted at companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2014 - 2018. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. This study found that company size and company age have a significant positive effect on income smoothing measures. Profitability has a significant negative effect on income smoothing action. Income smoothing can be predicted at 64.4% by company characteristics and profitability.

High-Precision Tracking Control of a Piezoelectric Micro-nano Platform Using Sliding Mode Control with the Fractional-Order Operator

In this paper, a sliding mode control using a fractional-order operator (SMCFO) method is presented for the hysteresis of a piezoelectric (PZT) micro-nano platform. At first, the hysteresis of the PZT micro-nano platform is described using the Duhem model. With respect to the sliding mode controller design, we introduce a fractional-order operator into the design of the sliding mode surface and enhance the performance of the proposed controller. The nonlinear switching action of the controller is eliminated through a smooth control action by applying an uncertainty and disturbance estimation technique. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using the Lyapunov theorem. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the SMCFO method achieves a no-load high precision tracking control of the PZT micro-nano platform and is also robust against load perturbations of the platform.

A gluing formula for families Seiberg–Witten invariants

We prove a gluing formula for the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of families of $4$-manifolds obtained by fibrewise connected sum. Our formula expresses the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of such a connected sum family in terms of the ordinary Seiberg-Witten invariants of one of the summands, under certain assumptions on the families. We construct some variants of the families Seiberg-Witten invariants and prove the gluing formula also for these variants. One variant incorporates a twist of the families moduli space using the charge conjugation symmetry of the Seiberg-Witten equations. The other variant is an equivariant Seiberg-Witten invariant of smooth group actions. We consider several applications of the gluing formula including: obstructions to smooth isotopy of diffeomorpihsms, computation of the mod $2$ Seiberg-Witten invariants of spin structures, relations between mod $2$ Seiberg-Witten invariants of $4$-manifolds and obstructions to the existence of invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature for smooth group actions on $4$-manifolds.

Design and Robustness Analysis of Intelligent Controllers for Commercial Greenhouse

Abstract. In a commercial greenhouse, variables, such as temperature and humidity, should be controlled with minimal human intervention. A systematically designed climate control system can enhance the yield of commercial greenhouses. This study aims to formulate a nonlinear multivariable transfer function model of the greenhouse model using thermodynamic laws by taking into account the variables that affect the Greenhouse Climate Control System. To control its parameters, Mamdani model-based Fuzzy PID is designed which is compared with the performance of proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers to achieve a smooth control action. The Fuzzy logic based PID provides robust control actions eliminating the need for conventional tuning methods. The robustness analysis is performed using values obtained from real-time implementation for the greenhouse model for Fuzzy based PID, PI and PID controllers by minimizing the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Square Error (ISE). The greenhouse model has strong interactions between its parameters, which are removed by Relative Gain Array (RGA) analysis, thereby providing an effective control strategy for complex greenhouse production. Further, the stability analysis of non-linear greenhouse model is conducted with the help of the bode plot and Nyquist plot. Results show that good control performance can be achieved by tuning the gain parameters of controllers via step responses such as small overshoot, fast settling time, less rise time, and steady-state error. Also, smoother control action was obtained with Fuzzy based PID making the Greenhouse Climate Control System stable.

Optimal Tuning of Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Position Control of a Permanent Magnet DC Motor

This paper presents the design of an optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods for position control of a permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor. In this work, Ant Colony control and particle swarm control algorithms have been utilized to set the optimal elements of the weighting matrices subjected to a proposed cost function. The proposed cost function is a combination of the quadratic performance index and integral square error. The proposed design can overcome the difficulty in setting the weighting matrices with the suitable elements. The simulation results using (Matlab Package) show that the optimal LQR controller using ACO algorithm can give excellent performance in terms of obtaining smooth and unsaturated state voltage control action that will stabilize the DC motor system performance and minimize the position tracking error of the system output. In addition, the rising time and settling time is decreased in comparison with the LQR based PSO controller performance.