Smooth Action Research Articles

$\mathbb{Z}_2^k$-actions fixing a disjoint union of odd dimensional projective spaces

Consider the real, complex and quaternionic $n$-dimensional projective spaces, $\mathbb{R}P^n$, $\mathbb{C}P^n$ and $\mathbb{H}P^n$; to unify notation, write $K_dP^n$ for the real ($d=1$), complex ($d=2$) and quaternionic ($d=4$) $n$-dimensional projective space. Consider a pair $(M,\Phi)$, where $M$ is a closed smooth manifold and $\Phi$ is a smooth action of the group $\mathbb{Z}_2^k$ on $M$; here, $\mathbb{Z}_2^k$ is considered as the group generated by $k$ commuting smooth involutions $T_1,T_2,...,T_k$. Write $F$ for the fixed-point set of $\Phi$. In this paper we prove the following two results: i) If $F$ is a disjoint union $F=\mathbb{R}P^{n_1} \sqcup \mathbb{R}P^{n_2} \sqcup ... \sqcup \mathbb{R}P^{n_j}$, where $j \ge 2$, each $n_i$ is odd and $n_i \not=n_t$ if $i \not= t$, then $(M,\Phi)$ bounds equivariantly. ii) If $F= K_dP^n \sqcup K_dP^m$, where $d=1,2$ and $4$ and $n$ and $m$ are odd, then $(M,\Phi)$ bounds equivariantly. These results are found in the literature for $k=1$.

Branched twist spins and knot determinants

A branched twist spin is a generalization of twist spun knots, which appeared in the study of locally smooth circle actions on the $4$-sphere due to Montgomery, Yang, Fintushel and Pao. In this paper, we give a sufficient condition to distinguish non-equivalent, non-trivial branched twist spins by using knot determinants. To prove the assertion, we give a presentation of the fundamental group of the complement of a branched twist spin, which generalizes a presentation of Plotnick, calculate the first elementary ideals and obtain the condition of the knot determinants by substituting $-1$ for the indeterminate.

Local rigidity problem of smooth group actions

Local rigidity problem of smooth group actions

Fractional Order Set-point Weighted PID Controller for pH Neutralization Process Using Accelerated PSO Algorithm

Control of pH processes is highly challenging due to high nonlinearity and sensitivity around the equilibrium point. PID controllers being simple and the most widely used perform poorly with changing set-point and are limited to certain operating regions. Thus, they are inadequate for such applications without upgrading. In this paper, a fractional order set-point weighted PID (\(\mathrm {SWPI^{\lambda }D^{\mu }}\)) controller is designed for pH neutralization process. The objective is to achieve adequate set-point tracking and effective load regulation through smooth control action. The controller parameters are tuned using accelerated particle swarm optimization which uses only global best position to achieve faster convergence. Simulation results show that for both standard and industrial configurations of the proposed approach, better performance in terms of set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and sensitivity to model parameter variation is achieved compared to PID, fractional order PID (\(\mathrm {PI^{\lambda }D^{\mu }}\)) and SWPI-D.

Pengaruh Dividend Payout Ratio, Risiko Keuangan, Nilai Perusahaan, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perataan Laba (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

The purpose of this research is to analyze and test the influence; The effect of dividend payout ratio on income smoothing action, financial risk to profit smoothing action, company value to earnings smoothing action, and firm size to earnings smoothing action. This research was conducted at manufacturing company of basic and chemical industry sector which listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia in period 2013-2015 by using purposive sampling. Simultaneously Dividend Payout Ratio, Company Risk, Company Value, and Company Size have significant effect to income smoothing action, with F significance value equal to 0,015 (<0,05) and R2 coefficient of determination equal to 34,7% or in other words equal to 65 , 3% influenced by other variables not described in this study.Keywords: Dividend Payout Ratio, Purpose Sampling, Flattening Earnings.

Tilting-Twisting-Rolling: a pen-based technique for compass geometric construction

This paper presents a new pen-based technique, Tilting-Twisting-Rolling, to support compass geometric construction. By leveraging the 3D orientation information and 3D rotation information of a pen, this technique allows smooth pen action to complete multi-step geometric construction without switching task states. Results from a user study show this Tilting-Twisting-Rolling technique can improve user performance and user experience in compass geometric construction.

The Factors Influencing Income Smoothing Action Of Pharmaceutical Companies Listed In IDX

This research aims at analyzing the factors influencing income smoothing action in those companies registered in IDX , particularly those running in pharmaceutical sector industry. The variable s used in this research are share price, ownership structure, company size, profitability and leverage. This research uses quantitative approach with logistic regression analysis model . This research uses 2009-2013 period . The number of companies observed in this research is 9 companies. The results of this research show that the share price and profitability variables have no influence on income smoothing action , yet the ownership structure, company size, and leverage variables influence income smoothing action.

On equivariant and invariant topological complexity of smooth ℤ/_{𝕡}-spheres

We investigate equivariant and invariant topological complexity of spheres endowed with smooth non-free actions of cyclic groups of prime order. We prove that semilinear Z / p \mathbb {Z}/_{\!p} -spheres have both invariants either 2 2 or 3 3 and calculate exact values in all but two cases. On the other hand, we exhibit examples which show that these invariants can be arbitrarily large in the class of smooth Z / p \mathbb {Z}/_{\!p} -spheres.

Induced Hausdorff Metrics on Quotient Spaces

Let $G$ be a group, $(M,d)$ be a metric space, $X$ be a compact subspace of $M$ and $\varphi:G\times M \rightarrow M$ be a left action by homeomorphisms of $G$ on $M$. Denote $gp=f(g,p)$. The isotropy subgroup of $G$ with respect to $X$ is defined by $H_X=\{g\in G; gX=X\}$. In this work we define the induced Hausdorff metric on $G/H_X$ by $d_X(gH_X,hH_X)=d_H(gX,hX)$, where $d_H$ is the Hausdorff distance on $M$. Let $\hat d_X$ be the intrinsic metric induced by $d_X$. In this work we study the geometry of $(G/H_X,d_X)$ and $(G/H_X,\hat d_X)$. In particular, we prove that if $G$ is a Lie group, $M$ is a differentiable manifold endowed with a metric $d$ which is locally Lipschitz equivalent to a Finsler metric, $X$ is a compact subset of $M$ and $\varphi:G \times M \rightarrow M$ is a smooth left action by isometries of $G$ on $M$, then $(G/H_X,\hat d_X)$ is $C^0$-Finsler.

PREVENTION STRATEGY OF INCOME SMOOTHING PRACTICES WITH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of income smoothing based on the number of independent commissioners, the number of audit committee, auditors’ quality, foreign ownership, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. The population of this research is manufacturing company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). By purposive sampling, the study got 70 manufacturing companies listed in IDX from 2011 until 2013. Income smoothing was measured by Eckel index. The research used Man-Whitney U test for testing the hypothesis. The result of this research showed that there was no difference of income smoothing based on the number of independent commissioners, the number of audit committee, auditors’ quality, foreign ownership, and managerial ownership. This study also found that there was difference of income smoothing based on institutional ownership. This study gives advice in order to potential investors who want to invest in a manufacturing company should choose to invest in a manufacturing company that has high institutional ownership. Because from the result of the study, company with high institutional management is proven able to reduce the motivation of the management to take income smoothing action.</p>

COMPLETE INTERSECTIONS WITH S 1-ACTION

We give the diffeomorphism classification of complete intersections with S^1-symmetry in dimension less than or equal to 6. In particular, we show that a 6-dimensional complete intersection admits a smooth non-trivial S^1-action if and only if it is diffeomorphic to the complex projective space or the quadric. We also prove that in any odd complex dimension only finitely many complete intersections can carry a smooth effective action by a torus of rank $>1$.

Finite groups acting symplectically on 𝑇²×𝑆²

For any symplectic form ω \omega on T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 we construct infinitely many nonisomorphic finite groups which admit effective smooth actions on T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 that are trivial in cohomology but which do not admit any effective symplectic action on ( T 2 × S 2 , ω ) (T^2\times S^2,\omega ) . We also prove that for any ω \omega there is another symplectic form ω ′ \omega ’ on T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 and a finite group acting symplectically and effectively on ( T 2 × S 2 , ω ′ ) (T^2\times S^2,\omega ’) which does not admit any effective symplectic action on ( T 2 × S 2 , ω ) (T^2\times S^2,\omega ) . A basic ingredient in our arguments is the study of the Jordan property of the symplectomorphism groups of T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 . A group G G is Jordan if there exists a constant C C such that any finite subgroup Γ \Gamma of G G contains an abelian subgroup whose index in Γ \Gamma is at most C C . Csikós, Pyber and Szabó proved recently that the diffeomorphism group of T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 is not Jordan. We prove that, in contrast, for any symplectic form ω \omega on T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 the group of symplectomorphisms S y m p ( T 2 × S 2 , ω ) \mathrm {Symp}(T^2\times S^2,\omega ) is Jordan. We also give upper and lower bounds for the optimal value of the constant C C in Jordan’s property for S y m p ( T 2 × S 2 , ω ) \mathrm {Symp}(T^2\times S^2,\omega ) depending on the cohomology class represented by ω \omega . Our bounds are sharp for a large class of symplectic forms on T 2 × S 2 T^2\times S^2 .

TMJ ARTHROSCOPY: “CAPSULAR MIGRATION” IN INTERNAL DERANGEMENT; IS ARTHROCENTESIS A RELIABLE SUBSTITUTE TO ARTHROSCOPY?

Internal derangement (ID) of the TemporoMandibular Joint (TMJ) is a general orthopedic term implying a mechanical fault that interferes with the smooth action of a joint. Athroscopy and arthrocentesis of superior TMJ compartment are among the commonly used diagnostic and minimally invasive treatment modalities for ID. Arthrocentesis has been considered as the cheaper, simpler and blind substitute for arthroscopy. This study reports arthroscopic outcomes that defy this understanding, and presents a new arthroscopic finding in ID patients: “Capsular Migration”; which changes the criteria of a successful entry into the superior TMJ compartment.

Equivariant cohomology of cohomogeneity-one actions: The topological case

We show that for any cohomogeneity-one continuous action of a compact connected Lie group G on a closed topological manifold the equivariant cohomology equipped with its canonical H⁎(BG)-module structure is Cohen–Macaulay. The proof relies on the structure theorem for these actions recently obtained by Galaz-García and Zarei. We generalize in this way our previous result concerning smooth actions.

走行形態が可変な自律移動ロボットの姿勢制御

This paper discusses transformation control of an autonomous mobile robot with multiple running modes. For an autonomous mobile robot to move in a human living environment, especially a place like a crowd, smooth action like a two-wheel mobile robot is required. However, with a two-wheel mobile robot, attitude control is required even at rest, and there is a problem that stability is lacking. We propose a method that enables transformation from four wheels to two wheels to obtain stability during rest in addition to smooth running in two wheels mode. Calculate the target attitude angle from the equilibrium of the moments, and transform it by controlling the attitude of the robot upper body and the wheel. In order to stabilize the transformation, feedback control is performed from the difference between the attitude angle obtained from the IMU and the target attitude angle.

Vario-scale data structures

The previous chapter presents state-of-the-art in map generalization at NMAs’ and continuous generalization. There is a noticeable technological shift towards continuous generalisation which supports interactive map use where users can zoom in, out and navigate more gradual way. Despite some research efforts there is no satisfactory solution yet. Therefore, this chapter introduces the truly smooth vario-scale structure for geographic information where a small step in the scale dimension leads to a small change in representation of geographic features that are represented on the map. With this approach there is no (or minimal) geometric data redundancy and there is no (temporal) delay any more between the availability of data sets at different map scales (as was and is the case with more traditional approaches of multi-scale representations). Moreover, continuous generalisation of real world features is based on the structure that can be used for presenting a smooth zoom action to the user. More specific, Section 3.1 and 3.2 provide historical overview of the development and the theoretical framework for vario-scale representations: the tGAP-structure (topological Generalized Area Partitioning). Section 3.3 describes the initial effort to generate the better cartographic content; the concept of constraint tGAP. Section 3.4 explains the 3D SSC (Space-Scale Cube) encoding of 2D truly vario-scale data. Section 3.5 shows idea how to combine more level of details in one map. Section 3.6 summarizes the open questions of the vario-scale concept and it indicates research covered in following chapters. Finally, Section 3.7 presents vario-scale data research in parallel to this PhD for progressive data transfer. Then, Section 3.8 summarises the chapter.

Development of a Swing-Tracking Sliding Mode Controller Design for Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum System via Bees-Slice Genetic Algorithm

A new development of a swing-tracking control algorithm for nonlinear inverted pendulum system presents in this paper. Sliding mode control technique is used and guided by Lyapunov stability criterion and tuned by Bees-slice genetic algorithm (BSGA). The main purposes of the proposed nonlinear swing-tracking controller is to find the best force control action for the real inverted pendulum model in order to stabilize the pendulum in the inverted position precisely and quickly. The Bees-slice genetic algorithm (BSGA) is carried out as a stable and robust on-line auto-tune algorithm to find and tune the parameters for the sliding mode controller. Sigmoid function is used as signum function for sliding mode in order to eliminate the chattering effect of the fast switching surface by reducing the amplitude of the function output. MATLAB simulation results and LabVIEW experimental work are confirmed the performance of the proposed tuning swing-tracking control algorithm in terms of the robustness and effectiveness that is overcame the undesirable boundary disturbances, minimized the tracking angle error to zero value and obtained the smooth and best force control action for the pendulum cart, with fast and minimum number of fitness evaluation.

Regulation of blood flow and volume exchange across the microcirculation.

Oxygen delivery to cells is the basic prerequisite of life. Within the human body, an ingenious oxygen delivery system, comprising steps of convection and diffusion from the upper airways via the lungs and the cardiovascular system to the microvascular area, bridges the gap between oxygen in the outside airspace and the interstitial space around the cells. However, the complexity of this evolutionary development makes us prone to pathophysiological problems. While those problems related to respiration and macrohemodynamics have already been successfully addressed by modern medicine, the pathophysiology of the microcirculation is still often a closed book in daily practice. Nevertheless, here as well, profound physiological understanding is the only key to rational therapeutic decisions. The prime guarantor of tissue oxygenation is tissue blood flow. Therefore, on the premise of intact macrohemodynamics, the microcirculation has three major responsibilities: 1) providing access for oxygenated blood to the tissues and appropriate return of volume; 2) maintaining global tissue flood flow, even in the face of changes in central blood pressure; and 3) linking local blood flow to local metabolic needs. It is an intriguing concept of nature to do this mainly by local regulatory mechanisms, impacting primarily on flow resistance, be this via endothelial or direct smooth muscle actions. The final goal of microvascular blood flow per unit of time is to ensure the needed exchange of substances between tissue and blood compartments. The two principle means of accomplishing this are diffusion and filtration. While simple diffusion is the quantitatively most important form of capillary exchange activity for the respiratory gases, water flux across the blood-brain barrier is facilitated via preformed specialized channels, the aquaporines. Beyond that, the vascular barrier is practically nowhere completely tight for water, with paracellular filtration giving rise to generally low but permanent fluid flux outwards into the interstitial space at the microvascular high pressure segment. At the more leaky venular aspect, both filtration and diffusion allow for bidirectional passage of water, nutrients, and waste products. We are just beginning to appreciate that a major factor for maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis appears to be the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx.

Response gene to complement 32 regulates the G2/M phase checkpoint during renal tubular epithelial cell repair.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of RGC-32 (response gene to complement 32) on cell cycle progression in renal tubular epithelial cell injury.MethodsNRK-52E cells with overexpressed or silenced RGC-32 were constructed via transient transfection with RGC-32 expression plasmid and RGC-32 siRNA plasmid, and the cell cycle distribution was determined. The expression levels of fibrosis factors, including smooth muscle action (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN) and E-cadherin, were assessed in cells with silenced RGC-32.ResultsThe cells were injured via TNF-α treatment, and the injury was detectable by the enhanced expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). RGC-32 expression also increased significantly. The number of cells at G2/M phase increased dramatically in RGC-32 silenced cells, indicating that RGC-32 silencing induced G2/M arrest. In addition, after treatment with TNF-α, the NRK-52E cells with silenced RGC-32 showed significantly increased expression of α-SMA and FN, but decreased expression of E-cadherin.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that RGC-32 probably has an important impact on the repair process of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro by regulating the G2/M phase checkpoint, cell fibrosis and cell adhesion. However, the exact mechanism needs to be further elucidated.

Torus actions, fixed-point formulas, elliptic genera and positive curvature

We study fixed points of smooth torus actions on closed manifolds using fixed point formulas and equivariant elliptic genera. We also give applications to positively curved Riemannian manifolds with symmetry.