Smartphone Research Articles

Examining mobile medical supplies in supply chain: Exploring the impact of intention to use mobile medical apps

All sectors have an increasing interest in smart phone applications based on their many advantages that support business, especially the medical sector, which is constantly competing to develop the medical services provided, and accordingly in this research study we industrialized a mobile medical supplies and equipment ordering application (mobile medical app) classic and make an effort to authenticate it factually. When clients (hospitals doctors) create consumptions on the application, three dimensions can be identified: platform emotion stage, fear effect, and familiarity with product. This research designed to reinforce and brighten the most important magnitudes that improve a physician’s judgment of mobile medical app and the purpose to usage. Furthermore, this study inspected the availability of the model between hospital physicians in UAE. The classic ideal was observed by means of a model of 340 UAE clinic physicians and their personal assistant who utilize mobiles facilities in overall. The review technique, a calculable method, was applied; the fractional smallest cubes organizational calculation exhibiting systems was owned to inspect the planned agenda. The platform emotion dimension, especially fear and resistance to change, and the familiarity with the products were evaluated, and it was discovered that these factors positively influenced the objective to use the application. And the other side, the first dimension of emotion, fear, manifested as “apparent threat”, had no outcome on the purpose to using. These discoveries recommended that scholars should emphasis more on the facilities, merchandises, and the key task of the mobile medical app to control their inspirations on clients’ ordering purpose. This will progress the purchasing ways associated to acquiring medicinal materials utilizing mobile medical app and/or on other operational stages in unambiguously in UAE and the Central East at great.

The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents and Parental Neglect During the Pandemic

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between social media and smartphone addiction in adolescents and their parents’ neglectful behaviors in the pandemic. The main problem of the research is to examine whether the increasing socialization and intimacy needs of adolescents during the pandemic period are an important factor in the emergence of social media and smartphone addiction due to their parents' inability to adequately meet these needs and neglecting their children, especially in terms of supervision. The study group consisted of 280 adolescents aged between 11-14 attending secondary schools in the city center of Ankara, Türkiye and their parents. In terms of the data gathering instruments, an Individual Information Form was administered to both the children and parents for the purpose of gathering socio-demographic data. In addition, adolescents were administered Smartphone Addiction Scale for the purpose of assessing their smartphone addiction levels along with Social Media Addiction Scale for the purpose of assessing their social media addiction levels. On the other hand, the Multidimensional Neglectful Behaviors Scale was administered to the parents in order to assess the level of their neglectful behaviors. As a result, 86.5% (n=218) of adolescents stated that their smartphone use and 78.5% (n=204) stated that their social media use increased during the pandemic period. When the smart phone and social media addiction status of adolescents were compared according to the level of neglect by their parents, it was determined that the neglect scores of adolescents with addiction level-smart phone and -social media use were significantly higher. In addition, it was found that parental neglect levels were positively associated with both smart phone addiction and social media addiction in adolescents, and there was a positive relationship between smart phone addiction and social media addiction in adolescents. The findings were discussed in line with the related literature.

Determining the usability of the ViDoc device, which integrates with smart phones, in documenting historical structures

The documentation of historical structures is considered as a crucial subject in international regulations. The accuracy and speed of documentation are among the significant factors for the qualified transmission of cultural values to future generations. In this study, the accuracy and position precision of ViDoc device, which integrates with an iPad Pro equipped with LIDAR system, have been determined. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of this device have been elaborated in detail. The aim of the study is to determine whether the ViDoc device and iPad Pro can be used in documenting historical structures. The study covers the traditional method of documentation based on measurement with meter and analog devices, documentation with a total station, and documentation with the ViDoc device, using two historical fountains selected as examples. Two cultural heritage fountains located in Kastamonu province, Turkey, have been selected for documentation. Measurements of the fountains were taken using a precision meter and a laser meter in the classical method, and corner point coordinates were obtained with a total station. The measurement process was carried out in one go using a ViDoc device and a smartphone. As a result of the study, it was understood that the ViDoc device made very positive contributions to the scanning accuracy of smart devices with LIDAR sensors. When comparing the measurement values in the documentation of the structures, the accuracy precision was found to be less than 1 cm (0.7 cm), and the positioning accuracy was less than 5 cm. In the measurement conducted without using the ViDoc device, differences in position distances reached up to 79 m. This indicates that the device can be used for documentation in structures without creating disadvantages. However, it has been determined through the study that the device may not be usable for every structure. Nevertheless, the study also evaluates the device as a new alternative alongside traditional documentation, photogrammetry, and terrestrial laser scanning systems. The study is significant as it is the first to holistically determine the measurement accuracy of the device and the positioning accuracy specifically in relation to historical structures.

Real-life boxing activity recognition with smartphones using attention assisted deep learning models

Mobile computing technologies play a pivotal role in narrowing the gap between athletes and sports monitoring systems, while also advancing towards intelligent and automatic supervision of individual sports activities. The widespread presence of smartphones equipped with multifunctional sensors has enabled the acquisition and analysis of data, facilitating Human Activity Recognition (HAR). Although recognising sports activities using a smart mobile phone’s accelerometer is widely used, traditional methods struggle with intricate and real time activities due to the high-dimensional sensor data. This study introduces a smartphone-based architecture for HAR utilising inertial accelerometers to record athlete’s game actions data sequences, extract relevant features and derive the player’s activity data through multiple three-axis accelerometers. In this paper an Attention assisted Deep Convolution Neural Network based Bi-LSTM (AT-DCNN-BL) model is proposed. The raw data undergoes sliding window pre-processing technique, the deep learning framework of deep convolution neural network layers helps in automatic feature extraction, the bi-LSTM structure process the boxing activity data and the attention is focussed over the boxing activity classification data. The attention mechanism redistributes the weights of the extracted features which aids in increasing the classification accuracy. Other classification models like Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (bi-LSTM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) and Random Forest (RF) are also applied to the dataset collected from a mobile sensor. The study explores training of deep learning methods and illustrates the superiority of the proposed approach over others using the collected mobile sensor dataset. The AT-DCNN-BL model achieved a higher classification accuracy compared to the other models. The AT-DCNN-BL model outperformed all the other models achieving a higher accuracy rate (92.71%).

EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION AND STUDENTS` PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH IN PUBLIC DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDAA CASE OF RUTSIRO DISTRICT

Through the Ministry of Education, the Rwandan government seeks to improve the quality of education by emphasizing science, technology, and innovation. This study looks into how technology integration affects English language proficiency among students in public day secondary schools, particularly in the Rutsiro District. The Research aimed at evaluating the effects of technology integration on students English performance in public day secondary schools across Rwanda, with a focus on Rutsiro District. Georges Siemens 2005 idea of connectivism serves as the foundation for the theoretical framework of this investigation. Prior studies have demonstrated a favourable relationship between students proficiency in English and the integration of technology. The researcher used the Yamane method to pick 122 respondents as a sample from the population of 542 informants who were the focus of this study. Data were collected for the study through the use of questionnaires, guided interviews, and educational material analysis. Both descriptive and correlational design were applied. The analysis of quantitative data was conducted with SPSS software, version 25. In this case, regression, correlation and descriptive analysis were established. Qualitative findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and lastly the data were presented and discussed thereafter. The findings indicate that 47.8% and 43.4% agreed and strongly agreed respective that computers, smartphones, audio files, sound recorder and projectors have a positive effect on students English communication skills, participation in class, school progress-completion, ICT usage and academic performance. The mean for all variables were approximately 4 with standard deviation of 1 approximately. The beta coefficients for technology tools being integrated, smart phones, computers and audio files were 60.5%, 5.1% and 21.9% corresponding with p value 0.000, 0.581 and 0.002. The study concluded that the integration of technology, including smartphones, computers, and audio files, positively impacts students performance in English at public day secondary schools in Rwanda. Recommendations were provided to stakeholders, including teachers, head teachers, and students, regarding the importance of digital skills in 21st-century education. Additionally, suggestions for areas for future research were presented.

Voice Search Technology and Consumer Buying Behaviour of Smart Phones in Port Harcourt

This study investigated the relationship between voice search technology and consumer buying behaviour of smartphones in Port Harcourt. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to determine how voice recognition accuracy and user experience relates to routine and impulse purchase behaviour of smartphones in Port Harcourt. The population of this study comprised of twenty-two registered mobile phone dealers in Port Harcourt. The census approach was adopted to choose the respondents for this study. To generate data for the study, researcher purposively distributed the copies of questionnaire in the frame of three (3) copies to each mobile phone firm. A total of sixty-six (66) respondents were used as the study subjects, however only fifty-eight (58) respondents provided data for the analysis. From results of the analysis it was revealed that voice recognition accuracy and user experience which are the dimensions of voice search technology positively and significantly relate with routine buying behaviour and impulse buying behaviour (measures of consumer buying behaviour). Therefore, the study concludes that the impact of voice search technology on consumer buying behavior of smartphones in Port Harcourt reveals significant correlations between the dimensions of voice search technology—voice recognition accuracy and user experience—and different buying behaviors. Furthermore, the study recommended that amongst others that Smartphone dealers should invest in advanced voice recognition technology to ensure high accuracy in voice commands. This will enhance consumer satisfaction and potentially increase both routine and impulse purchases.

Vocabulary Notebooks as a Noteworthy Powerful Instrument in Technical Vocabulary Learning

This research paper attempts to investigate the organization and effectiveness of vocabulary notebooks by distinguishing several benefits the implementation of this technique brings in the acquisition of technical terminology through an “English for Specific Purposes course”. When tackling with language learning, it is needless to emphasize the noteworthiness and the importance of vocabulary in this process. Appertaining to technical terminology, this plays entirely pertinent. Various studies have concluded that vocabulary notebooks (henceforth VN) efficiently expose different learners’ strategies within this single strategy, which led us to research VN. These research data were obtained mainly by applying the observational research technique, a vocabulary oral and written exam, and a comprehensive questionnaire on the effectiveness of the Vocabulary Notebook. Mechanical Engineering, Textile Engineering, and Hydrotechnical Engineering students at the Polytechnic University of Tirana were selected to obtain the data. The observation is partly overt and partly covert. Students of Mechanical Engineering and Textile Engineering (75 students) are the treatment group wherein the Mechanical Engineering students are an overt group and the Textile Engineering students serve as the covert observational group while on the other hand, the Hydrotechnical Engineering (45 students) students are the control group. The data were obtained during and at the end of the semester. Throughout the observation all along the 1st semester, it was perceived that most of the students organized their VN by utilizing mainly Microsoft Word downloaded on their Smart Phones, while the rest used the traditional paper notebook to organize their technical VN. The organization of the VN reflected the strategies each of the students implemented to learn technical terminology. At the end, students were tested on their acquired terminology through an oral and a short-written exam and then a questionnaire was handed to them. The students of the overt group making use of a digitalized form of a Notebook resulted to have acquired most of the technical vocabulary. In the main, the overt group outperformed the covert group on the acquisition of technical vocabulary, while the control group’s score on the oral exam was significantly below, compared to the all-inclusive treatment group. Students’ questionnaire revealed that overall students had a positive approach to this strategy and they embraced the autonomy acquired throughout the semester by implementing this strategy. With the exception of the effectiveness on vocabulary acquisition, which was on higher levels, this strategy proved itself once again to be an enhancer and promoter of learner autonomy. Keywords: vocabulary notebooks, autonomous learning, technical terminology List of Abbreviations: VN – Vocabulary Notebook, ME – Mechanical Engineering, TE – Textile Engineering

Right Information, Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time: Community Preferences to Inform a Self-Management Support Tool for Upper Respiratory Symptoms.

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, communities must cope with several conditions that cause similar upper-respiratory symptoms but are managed differently. We describe community reactions to a self-management toolkit for patients with upper respiratory symptoms to inform mobile e-health app development. The toolkit is based on the '4R' (Right Information, Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time) care planning and management model. The 4R Cold, Flu and COVID-19 Information Tool (4R-Toolkit) along with a brief evaluation survey were distributed in three ways: through a Bronx NY Allergy/Asthma clinic, through the Bronx Borough President's Office listserv, and through peer recruitment. The survey assessed respondents' perceptions of the 4R-Toolkit's accessibility, preferences for sharing symptoms with clinicians, social media use, and e-health literacy. We obtained a diverse sample of 106 Bronx residents, with 83% reporting personal or a social contact with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Respondents varied in the information sources they preferred: computer (39%); smart phone (28%); paper (11%) and no preference (22%). Most (67%) reported that social media had at least some impact on their healthcare decisions. Regardless of media preferences, respondents were positive about the 4R-Toolkit. Out of 106 respondents, 91% believed the 4R-Toolkit would help people self-manage upper respiratory symptoms and 85% found it easy to understand. Respondents strongly endorsed retention of all 4R-Toolkit content domains with 81% indicating that they would be willing to share symptoms with providers using a 4R-Toolkit smartphone app. The 4R-Toolkit can offer patients and community members accurate and up-to-date information on COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu. The user-friendly tool is accessible to diverse individuals, including those with limited e-health literacy. It has potential to support self-management of upper respiratory symptoms and promote patient engagement with providers.

Cost effectiveness and functional outcomes of smartphone cardiac rehabilitation assisted self-management versus centre based cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary heart disease in Southern India: a multicentre randomized clinical trial protocol

Background: To attain the world specific indicators of quality on programs which brings rehabilitation for cardiac diseases and surgeries in India are to be brought to meet the international standards. Dearth of published research on cost effectiveness of smart phone application oriented CR assisted self-management (SCRAM) over centre based (CBCR) in Indian Population drives this study to be done. This study aims to analyze cost effectiveness of SCRAM versus CBCR in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: In this multicentre randomized clinical trial, 100 subjects with uncomplicated CAD will be recruited through purposive sampling and divided into group A and B through block randomization. Group A will be treated with CBCR whereas group B with SCRAM. Outcome measures of 6 minutes’ walk test distance, talk test values and SF 36 scores, high density lipoprotein level and 3 months’ average blood glucose level were documented pre and post interventions and 3, 6, 12 months follow up for data analysis. This study will follow human study ethical consideration based on Declaration of Helsinki. Conclusions: Cost effectiveness of experimental group where SCRAM given as intervention may be better post intervention than control group where CBCR given. By this way this RCT protocol may bring the execution cost down with coronary heart disease patients which play a major role in participation of these patients in CR programs. Trial registration: The trial was registered with CTRI – Clinical Trial Registry of India (ICMR) - CTRI/2022/11/047143 (registered on: 09 November 2022) - trial registered prospectively.

A Study On Customer Satisfaction with Smartwatches at Krishnagiri District

This study looks into customer satisfaction with smart watches, focusing on critical elements that influence user experiences and perceptions. We used a questionnaire to get user feedback on functionality, design, battery life, and integration with other devices. The findings show that people value health and fitness tracking capabilities, convenience of use, and smart phone compatibility. While many customers indicate great satisfaction, questions about battery life and app availability remain. The findings emphasize the necessity of ongoing innovation and customer service in increasing user happiness. This study helps to understand consumer behavior in the fast evolving wearable

The Evolution of Real Estate: Digital Marketing's Influence

Digital marketing has become an essential trend for real estate firms in India, driven by improved network infrastructure and the widespread use of smart phones. This research examines the various digital marketing strategies employed by real estate companies and evaluates their effectiveness. With potential clients increasingly conducting their own research online, digital marketing has become a vital component of overall marketing efforts. Enhancing brand image and facilitating efficient customer communication are imperative for real estate organizations, and this requires fortifying their online presence on search engines, corporate websites, and social media platforms. Digital marketing, particularly through social media platforms, has a significant influence on the real estate industry, just like it does on many other sectors. In today's real estate marketing, websites, Face book, Integra, and YouTube have become indispensable resources. There is little study that focuses especially on social media management within India's real estate business, despite the fact that economic growth and population increase are the driving forces behind Indonesia's real estate market. Major segments in the real estate market include land, residential, commercial, and industrial properties, as well as real estate investment trusts, undeveloped land, and vacation homes. In the fiercely competitive real estate landscape, agents must do more than merely acquire a license—they need to embrace the digital innovations reshaping property transactions. Integrating digital marketing fully into real estate services is imperative. To meet the increasing demand for sustainability, real estate firms must develop digital expertise and skills to deliver impactful and efficient digital marketing solutions.

Smartphone Aided Funduscopy in Albino Rabbits

Aims: The methodology, utility and clinical feasibility of using a smartphone camera to obtain images of ocular fundus of albino rabbits with ocular hypertension and normotension were studied. A comparative analysis of fundus images obtained from two popularly used smartphone models, android and iOS device was performed on 36 adult albino rabbits. Study Design: A cross-sectional study involving two cohorts of ocular hypertensive and normotensive albino rabbits. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy for an eight-week period (2023). Methodology: A total of 36 adult albino rabbits (18 males and 18 females; age range 6- 8 months of age) with ocular normotensive eyes and unilateral ocular hypertension-induced models were used. The conscious animals were gently restrained in an acrylic restrainer. Instillation of topical mydriatic solution (tropicamide 0.8% and phenylephrine 5%) facilitated visual examination and enhanced field of view along with auxiliary condensing lenses of 20 and 40 Diopters. A comparison of fundus images obtained from two popularly used smartphone models, android and iOS devices was performed on 36 adult albino rabbits. Results: Fundus images comprising the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina were obtained with adequate spatial resolution and detail. The variation between optic disc of ocular hypertensive eye revealed mild edema and cupping of optic disc. Normal merangiotic retina and optic disc were clearly obtained in normotensive rabbit eyes. The iOS device used in this case yielded better images in resolution and field of view compared to the android version used in this case. Conclusion: Smart phone funduscopy offered good detail in contrast and resolution even in amelanotic eyes of albino rabbits using inbuilt technology without the need for an external adapter or sophisticated additional software. It is an animal-friendly futuristic solution for digital documentation, telemedicine, teaching and clinical prognosis formulation.

Mechanism of TMB Discoloration Catalyzed by Layered CoNi@CN Nanozymes: Application Based on Smart Phone for Resorcinol Detection

Comprehensive SummaryReal‐time on‐site monitoring of resorcinol (RS) concentrations is crucial for detecting hazardous levels, enabling prompt response measures to mitigate potential environmental and health risks. In this study, we developed an innovative method using CoNi@CN‐2 nanozymes to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for oxidizing 3,3',5,5'‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Our results show that the formation of Ni2+ through the oxidation of Ni0 on the CoNi@CN‐2 surface significantly enhances the electron‐donating capacity of Co0. The catalytic reaction of TMB is mediated by redox active species (SO4•−, •O2−, •OH and 1O2). RS drives colorimetry by transferring electrons to the benzene ring and specific nitrogen atoms in ox‐TMB, reducing ox‐TMB to TMB. Furthermore, the colorimetric assay shows a robust linear correlation between RS concentration and absorbance (Abs), described by Abs = –0.44[RS] + 0.886 (0—200 μmol/L, R2 = 0.983). Also, we introduce a novel smartphone‐integrated autonomous detection software that can analyze RS concentration and grayscale values (GSV), yielding GSV = 0.327[RS] + 63.601 (0—200 μmol/L, R2 = 0.990) with a detection limit of 5.29 μmol/L. Additionally, excess PMS leads to ROS attacking specific sites in ox‐TMB, forming secondary oxidation products. This study has enabled rapid and accurate detection of RS, making a significant contribution to environmental safety and protection.

Smart Phone Application Reminder for Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance to Improve Oral Hygiene

INTRODUCTION: In light of the extensive use of mobile phones and their associated software applications (Apps), as well as the undisputed role of reminders and Apps in behavioral interventions, the goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an application for smartphones (Brush DJ) to enhance oral hygiene compliance in individuals with fixed orthodontic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 82 patients between the ages of 18 and 22 were divided into four groups, two of which (the experimental group and the control group) had just begun fixed orthodontic treatment (called New) and the other two (the experimental group and the control group) were have passed fifth months from the beginning of the treatment (called Old). Patients in the intervention group were asked to use the Brush DJ smartphone App after getting traditional oral hygiene training, compared to patients in the control group who got conventional oral hygiene instruction. At baseline (T0), 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks following the start of the study, the plaque index (PI) and marginal bleeding index (MBI) were measured. Only patients with the software completed a questionnaire to determine how frequently and how long they brushed their teeth each day. RESULTS: Both New and Old orthodontic cases in the intervention groups showed improvements in PI, whereas the parameter of bleeding showed no significant differences. During the follow-up period, application usage was associated with a higher brushing frequency and duration. CONCLUSION: Apps might significantly improve the oral hygiene compliance of orthodontic patients by acting as reminders and motivators.

The Use of Wearables and Smart Phone Apps for a Non-Inferior Recovery After Lower Limb Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Use of Wearables and Smart Phone Apps for a Non-Inferior Recovery After Lower Limb Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Factors Influencing Teachers’ Turnover from Government Secondary Schools in Makete District, Tanzania

This study investigated about factors influencing teachers’ turnover from government secondary schools in Makete District, Tanzania. The study employed the descriptive design. The design was chosen because it is the best for fact finding studies. While the number of schools in Makete district was 120, only five schools were selected through simple random sampling. The target sample included 16 participants: five heads of schools, 10 teachers and one District Education Officer. The study used interviews as source of data. The researchers used a smart phone to record participants’ responses during interview sessions and then, the responses were transcribed verbatim. The study analyzed the data according to themes. The study concludes that there are various factors that cause teachers’ turnover from Secondary schools in Makete District. Such reasons include low salary, lack of teachers’ houses, misunderstanding at work place, heavy workload, lack of support from school administration and delayed promotion. In order to curb these, challenges, the government needs to recruit more teachers to meet the requirement of teachers in government secondary schools, especially in rural areas. There is a need to build teachers’ houses in order to accommodate them in quality houses. Finally, the government needs to provide special allowances for teachers working in remote areas like Makete.

On safety of swelled commercial lithium-ion batteries: A study on aging, swelling, and abuse tests

Lithium-ion battery technology has advanced significantly, making these power sources essential for portable electronic devices such as smartphones. In 2023, global smartphone shipments reached nearly 1.2 billion units, underscoring the widespread reliance on these batteries. However, as batteries age, they may swell and potentially pose explosion risks. To investigate the safety of swollen batteries, this study conducts accelerated aging and swelling tests on lithium-ion batteries from five leading brands, which together represent over half of the global smartphone market share. The research involves a series of comprehensive tests, including Accelerated Rate Calorimeters (ARC) test, mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse tests in accordance with Chinese national standards, as well as gas composition and theoretical flammability analyses on both new and swollen batteries. The findings indicate that swollen batteries generally exhibit safer behavior under floating charging conditions, and both new and swollen batteries pass the abuse tests within the standard framework. This study suggests that the safety of swollen lithium-ion batteries cannot be categorically labeled as dangerous or safe and should be assessed within the context of specific environments.

A Wearable Gait-Analysis Device for Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus (INPH) Monitoring.

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive neurologic disorder (fluid build-up in the brain) that affects 0.2-5% of the UK population aged over 65. Mobility problems, dementia and urinary incontinence are symptoms of iNPH but often these are not properly evaluated, and patients receive the wrong diagnosis. Here, we describe the development and testing of a wearable device that records and analyses a patient's gait. The movement patterns, expressed as quantitative data, allow clinicians to improve the non-invasive diagnosis of iNPH as well as monitor the management of patients undergoing treatment. The wearable sensor system comprises a miniature electronic unit that attaches to one ankle of the patient via a simple Velcro strap. The unit monitors acceleration along three axes with a sample rate of 60 Hz and transmits the data via a Bluetooth communication link to a tablet or smart phone running the Android and the iOS operating systems. The software package extracts statistics based on stride length, stride height, distance walked and speed. Analysis confirmed that the system achieved an average accuracy of at least 98% for gait tests conducted over distances 9 m. Using this device will improve the diagnostic process and management of iNPH and the treatment and management of this condition.

Does Smart Phone Usage in Young Adults Have an Effect on Static and Dynamic Balance?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of talking and note-taking on a smartphone on static and dynamic balance. Materials and Methods: In the study, healthy young adults (n=36) were asked to maintain postural balance while standing on static and dynamic platforms in different tasks: (Task I) without using a smartphone, (Task II) while taking notes on a smartphone, and (Task III) while talking on a smartphone. Center of pressure (CoP) on mediolateral (CoPx) and anteroposterior (CoPy), CoP path length, CoParea, and trunk deviation length were used to measure static and dynamic postural balance. Results: On a static platform, CoPy and CoParea were different between the tasks (p<0.001, p=0.017). Task II and Task III impaired CoPy more than the task I (p<0.001, p=0.004). Task III affected CoParea more negatively than task II (p=0.027). CoP path length was lower in task II and task III (p<0.001). CoP path length was significantly higher in task III compared to task II (p<0.001). On a dynamic platform, there were differences in CoPy between the tasks (p=0.038). There was a difference in CoPy between task II and task III (p=0.005). The CoParea was significantly different between the tasks (p=0.023). CoParea and CoP path length was higher in task II compared to task I (p=0.035, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that smartphone use during specific tasks, including talking and/or note-taking on a smartphone, could increase the risk of falls and accidents by affecting center of pressure and postural sway.

WOUND SURFACE MEASUREMENT USING DIGITAL PLANIMETRY IN DOGS

The study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of digital planimetry apps for wound measurement in dogs. Twenty four clinical cases of dogs with the history of wound presented for wound management were randomly divided into four groups consisting of six animals each and wound measurements were taken on 0, 2, 4 and 7th day. The wound was measured with length, breadth, area and circumference using Imito Measure mobile application through smart phone camera. Based on reduction in wound size healing rate was assessed. Digital planimetry applications are accurate and precise in wound measurement compare to standard ruler method and tracing method.