Smartphone Research Articles

Mass balance and economic study of a treatment chain for rare earths, base metals and precious metals recovery from used smartphones

In the present study, a comprehensive hydrometallurgical process was developed for the recovery of several types of metals from used cell phone printed circuit board assemblies. The overall process is divided into four stages of selective leaching of rare earth elements (REE), copper, nickel, silver and finally gold. After solubilization, the metals were purified using precipitation, solvent extraction, electrodeposition, and cementation techniques. Laboratory pilot-scale tests of the complete smart phone printed circuit board processing line showed REE, copper, nickel, silver, and gold recovery efficiencies of 78.0 %, 98.8 %, 81.8 %, 100 % and 96.1 %, respectively. The purity of the products obtained is evaluated at 94.8 % for rare earth oxides (70.0 % Nd2O3, 18.5 % Pr2O3, 2.8 % Dy2O3 and 2.4 % Sm2O3), 99.8 % for elemental copper, 94.3 % for nickel oxide, 93.8 % for silver and 89.3 % for gold. A scenario involving the installation of a plant processing 1 t/h of waste was evaluated using SuperPro Designer software. For a total investment of $53.22 million and an operating cost of $18.23 million per year, the main revenue is $65.77 million per year, with a return on investment of 91.6 % and a payback period of 1.1 years.

Digital access among a national sample of currently and formerly homeless veterans in 2022.

Background: Digital technologies are essential for connecting to the Internet and communicating with others. Methods: This study used data from the 2022 Project Community Homelessness Assessment, Local Education and Networking Groups (CHALENG) survey, which surveyed a national sample of 1992 homeless-experienced veterans (HEV) about use of cell phones, smart phones, computers, laptops, and the Internet. Data were analyzed to compare currently and formerly homeless veterans on digital access and to identify characteristics associated with never using the Internet. Results: Over 75% of HEV reported having a cellphone and over 65% reported having a smartphone. Internet use was common among HEV as 74% of currently homeless veterans and 77% of formerly homeless veterans reported using the Internet. Among HEV who used the Internet, over 70% used the Internet at least weekly. There was no significant difference between currently and formerly homeless veterans on their Internet use in the total sample and subsamples of only black and only Hispanic veterans. Overall, HEV who were older, black non-Hispanic, and living in the Southeast were more likely to never use the Internet. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential for technology-based interventions among HEV, and suggest a digital divide based on age, race, and geography.

Knowledge and Reported Practices of Mothers about Smart Phone Addiction among their School-Age Children

Knowledge and Reported Practices of Mothers about Smart Phone Addiction among their School-Age Children

Estimation of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Hand Muscle Performance in Chronic Smartphone Users

Introduction: In recent years, smartphone use has significantly expanded, and the majority of daily tasks are now completed on them. Therefore, extended use may result in improper posture, which may result in several musculoskeletal pains. It's crucial to assess the relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain. The length-tension relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles might alter due to the repetitive movement of the hand muscles. The purpose of the study is to determine the length tension relationship of the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles in chronic smartphone users. Methods: The cross-sectional design of this study allowed for the selection of 80 participants based on both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information that was gathered included demographic information, smartphone usage patterns, hand grip strength, and length-tension relationships. The subjects' pain levels were also measured using the smart phone addiction scale. The male and female scores on the smartphone addiction scale were >31 and >33, respectively. Results: The findings of this study among 80 chronic smartphone users demonstrated that 50 (62.5%) of them fell in the 25–30 age bracket, whereas 30 (12.5%) were in the 30-35 range. Amongst them, 69 (86.25%) were right-handed, while 11 (13.75%) were left-handed. Upper Limb Tension Test, Visual Analogue Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale mean + SD readings were 37.77 + 9.5, 5.66 + 1.47, and 0.76 + 0.42, respectively. Conclusion: According to the outcomes of this research, we established a link between smartphone use and the length-tension of the hand muscles. We can therefore draw the conclusion that among subjects who used cell phones frequently, there was a change in the length-tension relation of the hand muscles, which resulted in a reduction in hand grip strength.

Information and Communication Technology Usage in School Management: A Case of Selected Hwange District Schools in Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe

Apart from the fundamental function of teaching and learning, schools also ensure the realisation of the institutions' aims and vision. This is possible through use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which has been identified as an essential global phenomenon for efficient and effective schools. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine usage of ICT in school management in Hwange District. A qualitative approach driven by the interpretivism paradigm was adopted. A case study design focusing on selected schools was employed. Thematically analysed data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Findings indicated that the selected school heads mainly used ICT platforms such as WhatsApp, emails and printed documents for communication. Parents, through School Development Committee, provided internet connectivity for easy communication while the school heads used their personal smart phones. The study found that school heads faced various hurdles in using ICT in their management duties. These challenges included lack of resources, inadequate knowledge and skills to use ICT tools, work overload, inadequate funds to acquire ICT hardware and software equipment, lack of appropriate ICT infrastructure, limited internet access and sporadic power supplies. Despite the difficulties encountered, the study concluded that there were visible pockets of good practices in the use of ICT by selected school heads. The study recommended that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should capacitate school heads through ICT training. This will result in efficiency and effectiveness of school heads in execution of their management functions.

Intelligent Health Surveillance: Cognitive IoT Enhanced by Rapid Machine Learning

Abstract: The quality of life for diabetic patients is significantly improved through continuous monitoring. Integrating various technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded software, communication technologies, artificial intelligence, and smart devices helps reduce the financial burden on the healthcare system. Advances in communication technologies have facilitated personalized and remote healthcare. To meet the growing demand for advanced e-health applications, developing intelligent healthcare systems and increasing the number of applications connected to the network is essential. Consequently, to achieve critical needs like high bandwidth and energy efficiency, the 5G network must support smart healthcare applications. This research proposes an intelligent infrastructure for monitoring diabetes patients using machine learning methods. The architecture incorporates smart devices, sensors, and mobile phones to provide comprehensive coverage of the patient's body. Data collected from the patient is analyzed and classified using machine learning to produce a diagnosis. Several machine learning methods were tested to evaluate the proposed prediction system, and simulation results indicated that the Sequential Minimum Optimization (SMO) method provides higher classification accuracy, sensitivity, and precision than other techniques.

The Influence of Product Quality, Brand Image and Lifestyle on Iphone Purchasing Decisions For Generation-Z in Karawang

In Indonesia, the iPhone became the ruler of the smartphone market share of 11.81%. However, the iPhone has a relatively expensive price for teenagers or gen-z, although with a high price there are still many who crave this smartphone, this study aims umtuk determine the extent to which product quality, brand image, and lifestyle affect iPhone purchasing decisions in Generation-z in Karawang. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population studied based on domicile in Karawang, the number of samples used as many as 200 respondents. The determination of sampling technique in research is nonprobability sampling through purpose sampling. The results of this study stated that the quality of product brand image and lifestyle significantly influence the decision to buy an iPhone in Generation-z in Karawang. Further research may consider other factors such as cultural influences, social environment and price competitiveness in influencing iPhone purchase decisions.

The Impact of Pop Music on Teenagers' Music Aesthetics under Short Video

Popular music, also known as "popular music", has developed rapidly in China in recent years and is deeply loved by the public. With the popularity of smart phones and the development of the Internet, short video software has gradually emerged. The platform represented by Tiktok has brought a new path to the development of popular music. A batch of popular music that is popular with short videos has set off a boom in all age groups. Teenagers account for the largest proportion of Internet users. This paper briefly discusses the impact of short videos on teenagers and popular music, analyzes the aesthetic characteristics of teenagers' music, and takes Tiktok "Subject 3" as an example, the characteristics of popular music under the background of short videos and its positive aesthetic impact on teenagers, and provides reference and suggestions for cultivating teenagers' aesthetic appreciation of music.

From Big Data to social governance: a discussion across the "double divide"

The emergence of big data has brought the "double divide" dilemma of urban-rural divide and gray divide to the digital divide problem of the aging of migrant workers. In 2021, Chinese scholar Chen Yunsong published Big Data Vision of Humanities and Social Sciences from a Social Perspective. Based on the quantitative research theory at the individual level, this work observes, displays and analyzes macro social processes and human phenomena through massive data. Based on the gradually aging social structure of rural migrant workers in China, this paper focuses on the viewpoints of big data and social governance in Chapter 4 and Chapter 6 of the book, and conducts an empirical study on the "double divide" problem of mobile phone use of elderly rural migrant workers. The research results show that the differences between the elderly migrant workers in urban and rural areas in the willingness, skills and content of mobile phone use have changed, and mobile phone smart application has catalyzed their information differentiation and social stratification to a certain extent. The country needs to eliminate the negative impact caused by the gap pushed by the mobile phone big data algorithm in a variety of feeding ways, so as to effectively implement social governance measures.

Smart Phone Integrated Wireless LED Notice Board

Smart Phone Integrated Wireless LED Notice Board

Realization of Impression Evidence with Reverse Engineering and Additive Manufacturing

Significant advances in reverse engineering and additive manufacturing have the potential to provide a faster, accurate, and cost-effective process chain for preserving, analyzing, and presenting forensic impression evidence in both 3D digital and physical forms. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of five 3D scanning technologies, including laser scanning (LS), structured-light (SL) scanning, smartphone (SP) photogrammetry, Microsoft Kinect v2 RGB-D camera, and iPhone’s LiDAR (iLiDAR) Sensor, for 3D reconstruction of 3D impression evidence. Furthermore, methodologies for 3D reconstruction of latent impression and visible 2D impression based on a single 2D photo were proposed. Additionally, the FDM additive manufacturing process was employed to build impression evidence models created by each procedure. The results showed that the SL scanning system generated the highest reconstruction accuracy. Consequently, the SL system was employed as a benchmark to assess the reconstruction quality of other systems. In comparison to the SL data, LS showed the smallest absolute geometrical deviations (0.37 mm), followed by SP photogrammetry (0.78 mm). In contrast, the iLiDAR exhibited the largest absolute deviations (2.481 mm), followed by Kinect v2 (2.382 mm). Additionally, 3D printed impression replicas demonstrated superior detail compared to Plaster of Paris (POP) casts. The feasibility of reconstructing 2D impressions into 3D models is progressively increasing. Finally, this article explores potential future research directions in this field.

Policy-Based Contextual Access Control Mechanism for Smart IoT Devices

Access control remained an important aspect of computer security, and it has been the focus of extensive research over the past several decades. Access control mechanisms generally composed of two fundamental components: authentication and authorization. Authentication refers to verifying the identity of an entity, and authorization guarantees that only authenticated entity or devices can access the permitted devices or other resources. Various traditional access control schemes, such as Access Control Lists (ACLs), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) exist, but these have certain limitations that hinder their direct implementation in the Internet of Things (IoT). For instance, ACLs maintain user-specific access privilege lists, which are feasible for environments with limited users and devices, but impractical for large scale systems like IoT. RBAC assigns devices access through roles associated with permissions, however role management in dynamic IoT environments poses significant challenges. ABAC grants access based on user and devices attributes that requires certain attribute criteria for authorization. We advocate that IoT environments are dynamic in nature and consist of very large volumes of smart IoT devices (such as smart sensors, smart phones and gadgets) that which introduce unique access control challenges. One significant challenge is providing dynamic access to smart IoT devices, as opposed to relying on static rules, roles, or attributes. Considering these challenges, this research advocates for a novel access control scheme tailored for accessing smart IoT devices in internet of things environments. The prototype implementation of the proposed approach is carried out along with conducting the usability study to evaluate the performance and suitability of the proposed system for real world internet of things (IoT) scenarios.

Location based Notification System

In recent years, mainly advertisements and vouchers are used for providing discounts, text messages and posters were mainly used till date but to advertise on a mobile device is need of the current scenario. Vendors must be allowed to publish and edit an advertisement to users according to the interest of the customer. This technique has low cost for digital advertisement and has a pervasive system for advertising in large commercial malls. If information is not retrieved according to their choice in a short period of time.The interest may be lost in order to purchase products. They need to find more information and location without taking much effort. Traditional paper based reminders are still useful, but they cannot be organized efficiently. Electronic reminders based on the calendar in Cell phones are more efficient and gaining popularity, but such reminders are mostly triggered by time. In many situations, tasks are only meaningful to be performed at a specific location, so it would be useful if reminders for those tasks can be triggered only when the person to be reminded is physically near or located at that location. Therefore, in this research, we develop a location-based task management for Android-based smart phones and tablets.

Smart Electronic Notice Board

A notice board is commonly used in elementary schools and large organizations to communicate urgent notifications. A significant amount of paper is used and then discarded. Smart electronic notice board display the information on display of LCD. These notice boards can be utilized in a variety of settings such as educational institutions, stations, and others to post notices or some information to those that require it as technology advances, as the number of people using it grew. In this proposed system the user will enable to send information or notices wirelessly on a notice board using NodeMCU (ESP32) which consist of Wi-Fi Module. The information is sent to smart phone via an application which interact with the notice board. The notice board will be operating by using solar power energy. The result obtained is achieved the expectation where to display information sent from smart phone. Also, the prototype is working and function well

Problem-Based Learning in Blended Classrooms: An Approach in Covid 19 Emergency Situation

This research paper, reports the findings of using problem-based learning approach in Blended Learning (BL) environment, while practicing grade 9 mathematical problems by fifty grade 9 students. This three week program was framed in contrast of traditional schooling, intending as enrichment and not remediation, for science group students’ practices in mathematics. The study was framed through formative experiment research method and practiced at public sector Higher Secondary School Jehangira district Swabi, aiming to explore the advantages and hazards of PBL model when applied in BL environment. The data was collected through an open ended self-developed questionnaire and was analyzed by using simple frequency distribution. The results achieved were mostly positive such as students found productive PBL approach through WhatsApp application like solving examples helped them in solving other problems, course work was completed timely, and using smart phone with peers in groups helped in better understanding the problems. But showed some concerns such as poor availability of network/internet services or non-affordability of having smart phone or internet packages, and parents showed unwillingness for using smart phone/internet. On the basis conclusion, it was suggested that these issues can be resolved by teaming up with parents alongside convincing head of the institute.

Construction of mesoporous silica-implanted tungsten oxides for selective acetone gas sensing

As a key biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of diabetes, the selective detection of trace acetone in exhaled gas using a portable and low-cost device remains a great challenge. Semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) based gas sensors have drawn signification attention due to their potential in miniaturization, user-friendliness, high cost-effectiveness and selective real-time detection for noninvasive clinical diagnosis. Herein, we propose a one-pot solvent evaporation induced tricomponent co-assembly strategy to design a novel ordered mesoporous SMO of silica-implanted WO3 (SiO2/WO3) as sensing materials for trace acetone detection. The controlled co-assembly of silicon and tungsten precursors and amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS), and the subsequent thermal treatment enable the local lattice disorder of WO3 induced by the amorphous silica and the formation of ordered mesoporous SiO2/WO3 hybrid walls with a unique metastable ε-phase WO3 framework. The obtained mesoporous SiO2/WO3 composites possess highly crystalline framework with large uniform pore size (12.0–13.3 nm), high surface area (99–113 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17–0.23 cm3/g). Typically, the as-fabricated gas sensor based on mesoporous 2.5 %SiO2/WO3 exhibits rapid response/recovery rate (5/17 s), superior sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 105 for 50 ppm acetone), as well as high selectivity towards acetone. The limit of detection is as low as 0.25 ppm, which is considerably lower than the thresh value of acetone concentration (>1.1 ppm) in the exhaled breath of diabetic patients, demonstrating its great prospect in real-time monitoring in diabetes diagnosis. Moreover, the mesoporous 2.5 %SiO2/WO3 sensor is integrated into a wireless sensing module connected to a smart phone, providing a convenient real-time detection of acetone.

WOMAN SAFETY APP

In today’s world, people using smart phones have increased rapidly and hence, a smart phone can be used efficiently for personal security or various other protection purposes. The heinous incident that outraged the entire nation has woken us to go for the safety issues and so a host of new apps have been developed to provide security systems to women via their phones. This project presents, an Android Application for the Safety of Women, this app can be activated by just shaking phone three times, whenever need arises. By just three times shake identifies the location of place through GPS and sends a message comprising this location URL to the registered contacts to help the one in dangerous situations. The unique feature of this application is to send the message to the registered contacts after the phone is shook for three times. Instant location tracking information via SMS helps to find the location of the victim quickly and can be rescued safely. A wide range of tracking systems has been developed for tracking vehicles and displaying their position on a map, applications has been developed which tracks the mobility of a human being. Now a days tracking a person’s mobility has become a crucial issue, specifically in case of women. If tracking a criminal could be implemented as a system which is cost effective and can be used for tracking a human being using a GPS equipped mobile phone rather than using a handheld GPS receiver. The main aim of our project is to develop an application that reduces the overall cost of tracking based on GPS system, which is satellite-based service, and it is available 24X7 everywhere in the whole world. GPS system can be used to get location which includes details like latitude, longitude and altitude values along with the time details, etc. It is a free of cost service available to every individual. In order to track the movement of the person we have used Google maps for mapping the location sent by the mobile phone. The mobile phone fetches the GPS location which communicates with the server using General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). This system is a low-cost service which is wireless data communication system. Mobile phone equipped with GPS receiver are easily available in the market, it is a latest technology. The mobile phone technology has enabled us to communicate across the world. The GPRS is one of the best and cheapest mode of communication available today. Key Words: Android, GPS, URL, Registered Contacts

Exploring the Impact of Excessive Internet Usage in Secondary School Students in Kirkuk City

Background: excessive internet use in secondary school students prolonged screen usage and unfettered web information might cause distractions, procrastination, and reduced study time, compromising academic achievement. Overuse of the internet can also disrupt sleep, impair time management, and reduce offline activity, which is essential for holistic development. Online content like social media, gaming, and streaming can also affect students' cognition, attention span, and learning motivation. The impact of excessive internet use on secondary school pupils depends on several aspects, including frequency and length, types of online activities, academic achievement measures, and socio-demographic variables. Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of excessive internet usage in secondary school student in kirkuk city. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in this study “Simple Random” sample was used for student at secondary school in Kirkuk. The study included (400) student. Data were analyzed inferential statistics. Results: the study finding shows the distribution the Internet Usage Pattern of the study sample, regarding to Most preferred method internet access, were about half of study sample (49.5%) using smart phone more than other access methods, while based on the reason of using internet, were near half (46.75%) of study sample using internet for Social Networking. Regarding to the parent’s awareness of internet use, about more than two thirds (65.75%) of the study sample were parents not aware about using internet. According to the preferred time of use of internet, about more than third (33.5%) were using internet after school hours. Finally, Using Internet in group or individually, near to half (47.3%) of the study sample use internet individually. the differences the Internet addiction regarding to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample by using Internet addiction score. There is a high significance value with the differences between the scores of the items of the Internet addiction with regards to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample at p. value 0.05. the differences the Internet addiction regarding to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample by using Internet addiction score. There is a high significance value with the differences between the scores of the items of the Internet addiction with regards to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample at p. value 0.05 by using Chi-square test. Conclusions: According to the report, most students have a proclivity to utilize mobile phones for Internet access. Students have a distinct inclination towards utilizing social media platforms instead of engaging in educational endeavors. The majority of students cited a lack of parental monitoring.

Soft Electrohydraulic Bending Actuators for Untethered Underwater Robots

Traditional underwater rigid robots have some shortcomings that limit their applications in the ocean. In contrast, because of their inherent flexibility, soft robots, which have gained popularity recently, offer greater adaptability, efficiency, and safety than rigid robots. Among them, the soft actuator is the core component to power the soft robot. Here, we propose a class of soft electrohydraulic bending actuators suitable for underwater robots, which realize the bending motion of the actuator by squeezing the working liquid with an electric field. The actuator consists of a silicone rubber film, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, soft electrodes, silicone oils, an acrylic frame, and a soft flipper. When a square wave voltage is applied, the actuator can generate continuous flapping motions. By mimicking Haliclystus auricula, we designed an underwater robot based on six soft electrohydraulic bending actuators and constructed a mechanical model of the robot. Additionally, a high-voltage square wave circuit board was created to achieve the robot’s untethered motions and remote control using a smart phone via WiFi. The test results show that 1 Hz was the robot’s ideal driving frequency, and the maximum horizontal swimming speed of the robot was 7.3 mm/s.

The Relationship of Neck pain and Smart Phones Usage among students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil City

Background and objectives: Innovative technology devices, such as smartphones and tablets can do numerous activities that users need daily. Mishandling of this technology has an impact on utilizers health. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of neck pain induced by smart phones usage among students of medical faculty in Erbil city. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 400 students from Hawler Medical University was conducted from 1st July 2021 till 1st July 2022.The investigator designed a self-administered questionnaire, distributed it to the students. Investigator inquired about participants sociodemographic characteristics, purpose and hours of using phones, hand dominance, how to enter data, frequent position while using the phone.Whether other devices are applied for study, neck pain and its severity ,pain relief medications and the usual exercise routine of the respondents. Results: More than two third of the studied sample (63.5%) had neck pain, and (36.5%) were free from pain during smartphone use in last 12 months. The mean severity of pain was higher in females than in males (4.54 ±1.53 vs 3.28 ± 1.31) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). Overusing phones for more than 4hours per day was 78%, and only 22% underused the smartphone (less than and equal to four hours). Conclusion: Prevalence of neck pain related to phone use among medical faculty students in Erbil city was high. Most of them were overusing smartphones