Small Stress Research Articles

The optical gain of dilute bismuth GaAs nanowires under the joint uniaxial stresses

Combining the effective-mass theory with valence-band anticrossing model, the electronic structures and optical gain of dilute bismuth (Bi) GaAs nanowires under the uniaxial stresses are studied. The calculations manifest the band gap of GaAs1−xBix nanowires will be lowered with increasing bismide composition and [100] direction uniaxial stress, which can cause the red shift of optical gain peaks of nanowires. Moreover, it is found that, although almost pure optical gain along z direction can be obtained via applying single [100] direction stress, the first gain peaks are hard to be tuned to the optimal optical communication band, which makes it possible to impose another small uniaxial stress along [001] direction simultaneously to further redshift the gain peaks, and the ultimate results prove that the effect under the joint uniaxial stresses is remarkable. Our investigations mean that GaAs1−xBix nanowires is suitable for optoelectronic devices in optical communication band through appropriate modulated methods.

Fault resonance process and its implications on seismicity modulation on the active fault system

Various periodic external loading processes (e.g., snow, hydrological and atmospheric, earth tide and surface reservoir load, etc.) affect tectonic deformation and sometimes modulate seismicity in diverse tectonic settings. Small stress variations induced by external loads may influence the fault dynamics and destabilize fault zones. In this article, we report five cases of earthquake occurrence in the plate boundary and plate interior regions where such a destabilization seems to be operating. We test the possibility of resonance amplification assuming rate-and-state friction and look for the model parameters that could justify resonance destabilization. We find that frictional resonance destabilization is possible in regions that are near the stability boundary (velocity neutral areas). The critical slip distance for the evolution of friction is similar to laboratory estimates. In some cases, effective normal stress lower than the lithostatic stress have to be assumed for the model to be consistent with the observations, implying high pore pressure. We propose that crustal faults of conditionally stable frictional domains with anomalous pore pressure are sensitive to periodic stress perturbations by the external loading process.

The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the rheological properties of yeasted and non-yeasted frozen bread doughs

The effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on yeasted and non-yeasted frozen bread doughs were investigated by a series of fundamental rheological tests, including small stress amplitude oscillatory test, shear creep-recovery, and uniaxial and planar extensional tests. Results showed that yeasted and non-yeasted doughs tested under both shear and extension using small and large deformations were rheologically different. Yeasted dough exhibited significantly higher storage modulus (G’) as measured by the small stress amplitude oscillatory test and lower compliance measured in creep recovery tests. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles were clearly displayed in non-yeasted doughs, especially in large deformations rheological tests. Resistance to deformation of non-yeasted dough was altered by freeze-thaw cycles, indicated by creep recovery tests conducted under 500 Pa creep stress. The extension failure stress of non-yeasted dough was affected by freeze-thaw cycles, indicated by uniaxial and planar extensional tests. The negative impact of freeze-thaw cycles in yeasted doughs was more pronounced for dough examined with extensional tests. This was revealed by a decreased strain hardening behavior of doughs after freeze-thaw cycles when tested by uniaxial and planar extensional tests. Large deformation tests, particularly under extensional deformations can assist in the understanding of the freeze-thaw impact on dough matrices.

Modal Analysis of Chushandian Gravity Dam

This article uses the finite element software ABAQUS to establish a three-dimensional finite element model based on the overflow dam section 12 # ~15 # and surface outlet dam section of the Chushandian gravity dam. The stress and displacement distribution of the 12 # ~15 # dam section of the Chushandian gravity dam under normal water storage level are analyzed; On this basis, modal analysis is conducted on the 12 # ~15 # dam section to study the impact of the dam's own modal conditions on the normal operation of the dam. The research shows that: (1) Under the condition of normal height water level, there is a small tensile stress at the dam heel, and the compressive stress at the dam toe is within the normal range. There is significant stress at the intersection of the upper curved part of the overflow dam and the transverse joint. The dam body strength meets the requirements and can be considered safe for the reservoir. (2) Modal analysis of the model reveals that significant deformation can occur at the right side of the dam crest during lower frequency vibrations. With the increasing frequency, the easily deformed parts of the dam are still at the top of the dam, and the displacement of the easily deformed parts is increasing. The position of the easily deformed parts is moving along the Dam axis, and the deformation direction of the easily deformed parts will change regularly.

Investigation of the Gate Degradation Induced by Forward Gate Voltage Stress in p-GaN Gate High Electron Mobility Transistors.

In this work, we investigated the degradation of the p-GaN gate stack induced by the forward gate voltage stress in normally off AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Schottky-type p-GaN gate. The gate stack degradations of p-GaN gate HEMTs were investigated by performing the gate step voltage stress and the gate constant voltage stress measurements. In the gate step voltage stress test, the positive and negative shifts of threshold voltage (VTH) depended on the range of the gate stress voltage (VG.stress) at room temperature. However, the positive shift of VTH in the small gate stress voltage was not observed at 75 and 100 °C and the negative shift of VTH was started from a lower gate voltage at a high temperature compared to room temperature. In the gate constant voltage stress test, the gate leakage current increased with three steps in the off-state current characteristics as the degradation progressed. To investigate the detailed breakdown mechanism, we measured the two terminal currents (IGD and IGS) before and after the stress test. The difference between the gate-source current and the gate-drain current in the reverse gate bias indicated that the increase of the leakage current was attributed to the degradation between the gate and the source while the drain side was not affected.

RNA interference-core proteins from the Actinidiaceae: Evolution, structure, and functional differentiation

As a popular berry fruit rich in vitamin C, kiwifruit (family Actinidiaceae) is economically important. RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the main mechanisms of plant resistance to viruses, and small RNAs also mediate growth, development, and resistance to stress and disease. The RNAi pathway involves three main types of proteins: Dicer-like (DCL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR), and Argonaute (AGO). To gain a deeper understanding of small RNA formation and stress resistance mechanisms in kiwifruit, a comparative analysis of RNAi core gene regulatory families in Actinidiaceae was conducted. A total of 49, 20, and 111 RDR, DCL, and AGO genes were obtained from Actinidiaceae and initially corrected seven of them due to potential misannotation. These genes could be distinguished into four RDR, four DCL, and seven AGO protein classes and showed abundant subcellular localization and structural variation characteristics. Furthermore, the potential evolution of these RNAi-related genes was preliminarily characterized and clarified their unique expression profiles in tissues (expression patterns in different tissues and potential differences in gene expression between species) and in response to stresses (pathogen induction and storage). In conclusion, in this study, a systematic identification and comparative analysis of the RNAi core protein regulator family of Actinidiaceae was performed, and expression analysis was conducted on Actidia chinensis. These results are expected to reveal the evolutionary trends of the RNAi core protein family of Actinidiaceae and provide a reference for the evolutionary process of natural differences in sRNA formation and stress resistance in kiwifruit.

Geological Characteristics of Deep Shale Gas and Their Effects on Shale Fracability in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations of the Southern Sichuan Basin, China

Abstract The deep shale gas reservoirs of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the southern Sichuan Basin have strong heterogeneity and complex geological characteristics, resulting in a poor fracturing effect and low vertical production. Based on whole-rock X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, shale gas-bearing experiments, rock mechanical parameter tests and well logging and elemental logging data, the sedimentary environment, and geological characteristics of this deep shale gas are analyzed, and the shale fracability is evaluated. (1) The type of organic matter is affected by factors such as sea level change, hydrodynamics, reducing environmental conditions, algae bioenrichment, and tectonic stability, and the contents of Type I and Type II kerogens in the lowermost reservoir of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations are high. (2) The pores between the biogenic siliceous minerals (the framework) and numerous organic pores provide space for the occurrence of shale gas. High-quality reservoirs have a high brittle mineral content, a high Young’s modulus, a low Poisson’s ratio, an appropriate fracturing pressure, a small net stress difference, and a high shale fracability. (3) Multicluster perforation, temporary plugging near the wellbore, and multistage fracturing can be used in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, increasing the near-wellbore hydraulic fracture complexity and improving the hydraulic fracturing effect.

Influences of across-strike heterogeneous viscosity on the earthquake cycle in a three-dimensional strike-slip fault model

Geodetic observations have shown that there exist large differences in the viscosity of the deep lithosphere across many large strike-slip faults. Heterogeneity in lithospheric viscosity structure can influence the efficiency of stress transfer and thus may have a significant effect on the earthquake cycle. Until now, how the lateral viscosity variation across strike-slip faults affects the earthquake cycles is still not well understood. Here, we investigate the effects of across-strike viscosity variation on long-term earthquake behaviors with a three-dimensional strike-slip fault model. Our model is a quasi-static model which is controlled by the slip-weakening friction law and power-law rheology. By comparing with the reference case, we find that low viscosity on one side of the fault results in a smaller rupture area but with a higher Coulomb stress drop on the ruptured fault region. In addition, low viscosity also leads to a small Coulomb stress accumulation rate. These combined effects increase the earthquake recurrence interval by approximately 10% and the earthquake moments by about 30% when the low viscosity is related to a geothermal gradient of 30 ​K/km. In addition, across-strike viscosity variation causes asymmetric interseismic ground surface deformation rate. As the viscosity contrast increases, the difference in the interseismic ground surface deformation rate between the two sides of the fault gradually increases, although the asymmetric feature is not pronounced. This asymmetry of interseismic ground deformation rate across a strike-slip fault is supposed to result in asymmetric coseismic deformation if the long-term plate motion velocity is invariant. As a result, this kind of asymmetry of interseismic deformation may influence the evaluation of potential earthquake hazards along large strike-slip faults with lateral viscosity contrast.

A small deformations effective stress model of gradient plasticity phase-field fracture

A variational formulation of small strain ductile fracture, based on a phase-field modeling of crack propagation, is proposed. The formulation is based on an effective stress description of gradient plasticity, combined with an AT1 phase-field model. Starting from established variational statements of finite-step elastoplasticity for generalized standard materials, a mixed variational statement is consistently derived, incorporating in a rigorous way a variational finite-step update for both the elastoplastic and the phase-field dissipations. The complex interaction between ductile and brittle dissipation mechanisms is modeled by assuming a plasticity driven crack propagation model. A non-variational function of the equivalent plastic strain is then introduced to modulate the phase-field dissipation based on the developed plastic strains. Particular care has been devoted to the formulation of a consistent Newton–Raphson scheme for the case of Mises plasticity, with a global return mapping and relative tangent matrix, supplemented by a line-search scheme, for the solution of the gradient elastoplasticity problem for fixed phase field. The resulting algorithm has proved to be very robust and computationally effective. Application to several benchmark tests show the robustness and accuracy of the proposed model.

The influence of the development of dunes on the stability of bifurcations in sand‐bed rivers

AbstractChannel bifurcations are common features observed in fluvial landforms from upstream gravel‐bed rivers to downstream deltas. Extensive research has been carried out to study the stability and equilibrium configurations of bifurcations in the last two decades. However, existing studies generally employed oversimplified flow resistance equations, and the influence of the development of bedforms on the stability of bifurcations is rarely explicitly considered. The morphological features of bedforms in sand‐bed rivers vary with flow conditions, which in turn affect flow resistance and sediment transport processes. Such a mutual feedback process is expected to exert a significant influence on the evolution of a bifurcation. A theoretical one‐dimensional (1D) model is built, based on the classical model proposed by Bolla Pittaluga et al. in 2003, to evaluate the influence of the development of dunes on the stability of bifurcations. Results show that the development of dunes enhances the stability of symmetric bifurcations for low Shields stress conditions, whereas it exhibits an opposite effect under the situation of high Shields stress. The response of flow resistance to the perturbations of the Shields stress dominates over the response to the perturbations of the flow depth. In addition, based on the two‐dimensional (2D) model proposed by Redolfi et al. in 2016, this study compared the results of the 1D and 2D models taking into account the development of dunes, and evident differences between the models present at small Shields stresses. Meanwhile, 2D models with or without considering the influence of dunes exhibit different results as well. The results of this study demonstrate that considering the development of dunes is of significance when analysing the stability of bifurcations in sand‐bed rivers.

Free standing nanoindentation of penta-graphene via molecular dynamics: Mechanics and deformation mechanisms

The deformation and fracture mechanisms of penta-graphene under different loading conditions are still unclear and not thoroughly investigated. Hereby, the mechanical and transition/failure deformation properties of penta-graphene are investigated by using free standing nanoindentation techniques simulated via molecular dynamics. The indentation behaviors of penta-graphene under spherical and cylindrical indenters are compared and analyzed parametrically by considering the effects of the spherical/cylindrical indenter size, the loading rate and temperature. The results show that penta-graphene under spherical and cylindrical indentation exhibits unusual plastic deformation characteristics, which are consistent with those previously observed under uniaxial tensile and shear loading. The plastic deformation is originated from the pentagon-to-polygon structural transformation occurring at large indentation depths. The force at failure of the penta-graphene under spherical indenter is significantly lower than the one observed under cylindrical indenter; this is due to the small interaction area and high stress concentration caused by spherical indenter. We also identify the indentation parameters to accurately predict the mechanical parameters of penta-graphene using spherical or cylindrical indenters, and how these parameters influence the nanoindentation results. It is found that under both spherical and cylindrical indenter the Young's modulus of the penta-graphene is not sensitive to the loading rate, but generally decreases with the increasing temperature.

The normal impact stiffness of a debris-flow flexible barrier

This paper proposes a normal oriented impact stiffness of a three-supporting cable flexible barrier under a small pretension stress to estimate the structural load behaviour, and employs two categories of small-scale debris flows (coarse and fine) to explore the stiffness evolution through physical model experiments with high-speed photography and load sensing. Results suggest that the particle-structure contact is essential to the normal load effect. Coarse debris flow performs more frequent particle-structure contact and exerts evident momentum flux, while fine debris flows with few physical collisions impart much smaller one. The middle-sited cable that receives only tensile force from vertical equivalent cable-net joint system exhibits indirect load behaviour. The bottom-sited cable shows high load feedback due to the sum of direct contact of debris flow and tensile forces. The relationship between impact loads and maximum cable deflections can be explained by power functions according to quasi-static theory. The impact stiffness is not just affected by the particle-structure contact but by the flow inertia and particle collision effect. Savage number Nsav and Bagnold number Nbag manage to depict the dynamical effects on the normal stiffness Di. Experiments indicate that Nsav has positive linear correlation with the nondimensionalization of Di, whilst Nbag has positive power correlation with the nondimensionalization of Di. This idea is an alternative scope for the study on flow-structure interaction and may contribute to the parameter identification in numerical simulation of the debris flow-structure interaction and the optimization of the design standardization.

Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Construction Load on the Cutoff Wall in Reservoir Engineering

Relying on the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway widening project near the impervious wall of a reservoir, this paper uses FLAC3D two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to establish the whole process model of the impervious wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load of the high-way reconstruction section. The stress and strain state of the cut-off wall in the high-way reconstruction section and the nearby reservoir is simulated in detail, the overall deformation of the cut-off wall in the reservoir is directly reflected, and the interaction and differential deformation between the wall structures are reflected. The safety and stability of the cutoff wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load are evaluated so that various advanced mechanical behaviors of the cutoff wall can be predicted. Research results show that the horizontal displacement value of the wall gradually increases from bottom to top, and the maximum value appears at the top of the wall. The horizontal displacement value of the 1–3 walls is relatively large, with the maximum value of 22.368 mm, and the horizontal displacement value of the 4–10 walls shows little difference. This is on account of the gravity of the backfill, the strata in the whole project area having settled, and the settlement at the bottom of the cut-off wall being 2.542 mm. At the root of the rigid cut-off wall, the compressive stress concentration occurs, with the maximum value between 1.75 MPa and 2.15 MPa. Due to the size of the structure, the maximum tensile stress of 0.237 MPa appears in the local area near the guide wall of the rigid cut-off wall, which will not endanger the rigid cut-off wall because of its small value. The maximum stress in the rigid impervious wall and the plastic impervious wall are 1.90–2.15 MPa and 1.00–1.12 MPa, respectively. Apart from the small tensile stress at the connecting guide wall between the rigid cut-off wall and the plastic concrete cut-off wall, the cut-off wall is under pressure, especially the plastic cut-off wall. Combined with the analysis of the stress state of the wall, it can be determined that the anti-seepage wall (rigid cut-off wall and plastic concrete cut-off wall) is stable and safe during the construction period.

Direct shear behavior of dredged soil under dynamic normal load conditions

Dredged soil is commonly encountered in estuarine and coastal engineering constructions; however, its dynamic frictional behavior is still unclear. In this research, DJZ-500 shear apparatus was utilized for conducting direct shear test on the dredged soil. The periodic normal stress was employed in the vertical direction of soil sample, and simultaneously, shear stress was applied in the horizontal direction to supply a constant speed. The influences of different shear rates, dynamic normal stress frequencies, and dynamic normal stress amplitudes on the shear properties of the dredged soil under dynamic normal stress conditions were explored. It was found that shear stress periodically varied with the periodic normal stress, characterizing a phase lag with the peak shear stress. The dynamic normal stress manifested an enhancement effect and also a weakening effect on the shear strength. Generally, a small dynamic normal stress frequency, a high shear speed, and an appropriate dynamic normal stress amplitude induced frictional strengthening, whereas a small shear speed, a large dynamic normal stress frequency, and a very large or small dynamic normal stress amplitude caused frictional weakening. Therefore, the dynamic frictional behavior of the dredged soil depended on shear velocity and the frequency and amplitude of dynamic normal stress. The results of this paper provide technical support to improve the resistance of coastal constructions to dynamic disturbances, such as earth tides, ocean waves, earthquakes, typhoons, and traffic loads.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction in murine sickle cell disease is associated with small intestine neutrophilic inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis.

The intestinal microbiome has emerged as a potential contributor to the severity of sickle cell disease (SCD). We sought to determine whether SCD mice exhibit intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and dysbiosis. Using the Townes humanized sickle cell mouse model, we found a 3-fold increase in intestinal permeability as assessed via FITC-dextran (4 kDa) assay in SS (SCD) mice compared to AA (wild type) mice (n=4, p < 0.05). This was associated with 25 to 50% decreases in claudin-1, 3, and 15 and zonula occludens-1 gene expression (n=8-10, p < 0.05) in the small intestine. Increased Ly6G staining demonstrated more neutrophils in the SS small intestine (3-fold, n=5, p < 0.05) associated with increased expression of TNFα, IL-17A, CXCL1, and CD68 (2.5 to 5-fold, n=7-10, p < 0.05). In addition, we observed 30 to 55% decreases in superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxidase-1, and catalase antioxidant enzyme expression (n=7-8, p < 0.05) concomitant to an increase in superoxide (2-fold, n=4, p < 0.05). Importantly, all significant observations of a leaky gut phenotype and inflammation were limited to the small intestine and not observed in the colon. Finally, characterization of the composition of the microbiome within the small intestine revealed dysbiosis in SS mice compared to their AA littermates with 47 phyla to species-level significant alterations in amplicon sequence variants. We conclude that the intestinal barrier is compromised in SCD, associated with decreased gene expression of tight junction proteins, enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiome dysbiosis, all specific to the small intestine.

Tuning the interlayer microstructure and residual stress of buffer-free direct bonding GaN/Si heterostructures

The direct integration of GaN with Si can boost great potential for low-cost, large-scale, and high-power device applications. However, it is still challengeable to directly grow GaN on Si without using thick strain relief buffer layers due to their large lattice and thermal-expansion-coefficient mismatches. In this work, a GaN/Si heterointerface without any buffer layer is fabricated at room temperature via surface activated bonding (SAB). The residual stress states and interfacial microstructures of GaN/Si heterostructures were systematically investigated through micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Compared to the large compressive stress that existed in GaN layers grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, a significantly relaxed and uniform small tensile stress was observed in GaN layers bonded to Si by SAB; this is mainly ascribed to the amorphous layer formed at the bonding interface. In addition, the interfacial microstructure and stress states of bonded GaN/Si heterointerfaces was found to be significantly tuned by appropriate thermal annealing. With increasing annealing temperature, the amorphous interlayer formed at the as-bonded interface gradually transforms into a thin crystallized interlayer without any observable defects even after annealing at 1000 °C, while the interlayer stresses at both GaN layer and Si monotonically change due to the interfacial re-crystallization. This work moves an important step forward directly integrating GaN to the present Si CMOS technology with high quality thin interfaces and brings great promises for wafer-scale low-cost fabrication of GaN electronics.

Contribution of longitudinal GFRP bars in concrete filled FRP tubular (CFFT) cylinders under monotonic or cyclic axial compression

Most of the current design guidelines/codes ignore the compressive contribution of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in compression members, due to: (1) the compressive strength of GFRP bars is significantly lower than their tensile strength due to fiber micro-buckling or shear failure of GFRP bars under compression; (2) the peak axial load of an unconfined concrete column is achieved at a relatively low axial strain at which the GFRP bars develop small axial stresses due to their low elastic modulus. However, existing studies have demonstrated that, if adequate transverse bars are provided, the contribution of longitudinal FRP bars to the total load resistance of the column is significant partially due to the enhanced axial strain at peak axial load because of the confinement provided by the transverse bars. In concrete filled FRP tubular (CFFT) columns, which is an emerging and attractive form of columns for new construction, the ultimate axial strain of concrete is significantly enhanced by FRP confinement and thus the contribution of internal longitudinal GFRP bars is also expected to be enhanced. However, the compressive behavior of GFRP bars in CFFT columns has never been investigated. This paper therefore presents the results of an experimental program on CFFT cylinders with internal longitudinal GFRP bars. The test results demonstrated that FRP bars contribute significantly to the total load resistance of CFFT cylinders. The FRP bars in CFFT cylinders experienced crushing failure with load resistance close to that derived based on the compression tests on bare FRP bars. A simple analysis method for the axial load at FRP bar crushing for CFFT cylinders was finally proposed.

Tuning of Polar Domain Boundaries in Nonpolar Perovskite.

Domain boundaries in ferroic materials are found to have various physical properties not observed in the surrounding domains. Such differences can be enhanced and bring promising functionalities when centrosymmetric nonpolar materials encounter polar domain boundaries. In this work, a tunable polar domain boundary is discovered in an antiferroelectric single crystal. Under a small stress or electric field, the density, volume, and polarity of the boundaries are successfully controlled.

A Dual DIC System for Analysis of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Large Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression Load

In this paper, an experiment is carried out to acquire the dynamic mechanical properties of a simulated sandstone tunnel by a dual DIC system. The sandstone tunnel is simulated by large sandstone with a prefabricated hole in the center. The speckle size required by DIC system was evaluated, and the results showed that for large specimens a marker pen could be used to spot speckles and make sure that the diameters of speckle points in an image should be ranged from three to five pixels. The dual DIC system is composed of a low-speed camera and a high-speed camera. The low-speed camera is used to record the speckle patterns of the sandstone in one side during the whole process of compression load, and the high-speed camera is placed in the other side to record speckle patterns for 11.5 seconds before and after failure. It is realized that monitoring whole process of deformation and instantaneous failure in two directions is required. Measurement results are effectively analyzed. The results are shown as follows: At the initial stage of loading the sandstone is in an elastic stage without macroscopic cracks. With the increase in compression load the sandstone has several small stress releases and several obvious macroscopic cracks. In the final stage of loading, the distribution of normal stress and shear stress are almost the same, and cracks are subjected to the coupling effect of normal stress and shear stress. The two ends of the prefabricated hole perpendicular to the applied load direction are prone to cracks parallel to the applied load direction.

Electrochemical Performance and Stress Distribution of Sb/Sb2O3 Nanoparticles as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

We synthesize Sb/Sb2O3 nanoparticles by the oxidation of Sb nanoparticles at 100, 200, and 300 °C. The half sodium-ion batteries with Sb/Sb2O3-200 exhibit the optimal performance with a charge capacity of 540 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, maintaining up to six times more capacity than pure Sb, and superior rate performance with 95.7% retention after cycling at varied current densities. One reason for this is that Sb/Sb2O3-200 is at exactly the optimum ratio of Sb2O3:Sb and the particle size of Sb/Sb2O3 to ensure both high capacity for Na+ and small stress during sodiation/desodiation, which is confirmed by the diffusion–stress coupled results. It indicates that increasing the ratio of Sb2O3:Sb causes a decrease of Mises equivalent stress, radial stress, and tangential stress in the range of 1:1–3.5:1, and an increase in the range of 3.5:1–4:1. These stresses decrease with a particle radius in the range of 30–50 nm and increase with a particle radius in the range of 50–70 nm. Additionally, another reason is related to the formation of cycling-induced coral-like Sb, which can promote Na+ diffusion, relieve cycling-induced volume changes, and provide exceptional Na+ storage.