Small-scale Business Research Articles

Effects of Age, Gender, and Education on Income of Petty Traders in Dharan During COVID-19 Pandemic

Petty trade refers to small-scale businesses operated by individual sellers on bicycles, carts, sheds, and small unorganized spaces. The epidemic of COVID-19 has had a great impact on the economy of Nepal like other countries. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find out the effect of small businesses on household income due to COVID-19 in Dharan sub-metropolitan city. Data was collected through direct personal interviews with 48 people using a simple random sampling method. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS. The Pearson correlation test explains the relationship between different variables, the independent sample t-test-, and the ANOVA test for the hypothesis test. There is no significant relationship between household income and with age, gender, and education of petty traders. Similarly, this study concludes that the planners and policymakers of the Dharan sub-metropolitan city need to formulate appropriate policies and manage the business of the informal sector including small traders. The government should encourage programs that protect the economic rights of small traders and reduce various taxes imposed on them.

Menelisik Minat UMKM Menerapkan Pembukuan Menggunakan Theory Of Planned Behavior

This research was conducted to explore the root of the problem that causes micro-entrepreneurs to want or not to carry out bookkeeping. Bookkeeping itself is the foundation of an effort to record income and expenses in a period. Bookkeeping is the basic foundation for providing accounting information to micro and small scale businesses, especially for decision making, so it is interesting to study. This research will be conducted on micro-enterprises in the city of Palembang, bearing in mind that there are still many micro-enterprises that have not kept bookkeeping. The sample selection technique in this study used a purposive sampling method. This study uses SPSS 23. The results in this study are that behavior has no effect on interest, subjective norms and behavioral control have a positive effect on the interest of MSME actors in the city of Palembang.

SMEs and Family Smes: Specificities from the Portuguese Socio-Business Context

Abstract The composition of the corporate structure constitutes a relevant indicator of the entrepreneurial and economic dynamism of a certain country or territory. In contrast to past estimates over the past 45 years, the importance of small or very small scale entreprises has been steadily decreasing in the Portuguese business universe. The Portuguese socio-entrepreneurial fabric is predominantly constituted by small and very small scale businesses (micro companies): in 2015, 99,9% of the non financial Portuguese sector were SME [Small and Medium-size companies], and the micro scale companies represented around 96% of the total number of SME. In this context, family businesses acquire greater relevance due to/for the estimated weight they have on the economy (between 70% to 80% of the SME, also including great companies quoted on the stock exchange markets), on the creation of jopbs and on the role they play in the local development. Notwithstanding, there still is a significant unawareness of the business layouts of the family companies. In effect, these tend to be heterogeneousin terms of size, activity sector and degree of professionalization of the respective government models and human resources..The ongoing project, “Roadmap for the Portuguese family businesses” (2016-2018), financed by the NORTE 2020/ FEDER has as a central goal to contribute to a better acknowledgement and assessment of the impact of family companies in the northern region, as far as the local, national and international economy is concerned. For this purpose, it will build a database of the Portuguese northern region, mapping all the companies that present the layout of a family business and apply an online survey, combined with in-depth interviews to the various types and segments of family businesses, reinforcing their economic and social roles.

Public Perceptions of Water Quality in the Lake Bunyonyi Sub-Catchment, Western Uganda

Lake Bunyonyi ecosystem plays vital roles in water resource conservancy and tourism. Nevertheless, the rapid increase in human population and the unrelenting human activities are threatening the values, functions, and ecological integrity of the lake. In this study, the public perceptions of drinking water quality and its health implications in the Lake Bunyonyi Sub-catchment, Western Uganda are presented. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 267 respondents living within one Kilometre away from the lake shores. Besides, observation and interview methods were used to complement data collected by the questionnaire method. Results indicate that the prominent activities around the lake are peasantry and small-scale businesses attributed to soil fertility and rural tourism. Despite the lake being a popular source of drinking water in the sub-catchment, the quality of its water suffers from diffuse pollution and little has been done to avert it. This study recommends regular surveillance and water quality testing to increase people’s awareness of water quality. Besides, the local authorities should train people the alternative environmentally-friendly farming practices like afforestation with correct tree species and agro-forestry practices to increase vegetation cover and reduce soil erosion debris washed into the lake system. Environmental-friendly household water treatment methods (biosand filtration and solar disinfection) should be promoted to improve the quality of drinking water.

광역 대중교통 접근성 향상이 관광 및 지역경제 활성화에 미치는 효과 분석

The purpose of this study is to propose ways to revitalize the local economy by analyzing the index changes and tourism big data before and after the opening of the KTX on the Gangneung Line in Gangneung City, where the population continues to decline. For This, the main current status of Gangneung-si and internal operation record data(DTG) of Gangneung-si were analyzed. After that, changes in the movement behavior of public transportation users before and after the opening of the KTX Gangneung Line were compared. As a result, it was possible to observe changes in tourist transportation preferences, demographic shifts, alterations in small-scale business sectors and in the travel patterns of tourists within the city of Gangneung. In particular, changes in the small business sector have shown an increase in general restaurants, leisure food establishments(cafés, etc.), and accommodation facilities following the opening of the KTX Gangneung Line. All three sectors have experienced growth concentrated in the vicinity of Gangneung Station, indicating the influence of Gangneung Station, which opened in the central part of Gangneung city, following the inauguration of the KTX Gangneung Line.

Cash Management Techniques and Small Scale Enterprises’ Effectiveness In Public Universities In Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examined the influence of cash management techniques on small scale enterprises’ effectiveness in public universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, two hypotheses were formulated and tested. Survey research design was used. 266 respondents were selected using a combination of stratified, proportional and accidental sampling techniques. However, only 259 respondents participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection and it was validated by three experts. To guarantee the reliability of the instrument, the researcher conducted a trial test of the instrument on 30 small scale business operators outside the ones that were used for the study and Cronbach Alpha procedure was used to establish the reliability indices ranging from 0.75 – 0.87. Data collected was analyzed using simple linear as well as multiple regression statistical techniques and the finding revealed that cash budgeting as well as liquidity management significantly influence small scale enterprises’ effectiveness in public universities. The study also revealed that cash management techniques sub-variables such as cash budgeting and liquidity management have significant composite influence on small scale enterprises’ effectiveness in public universities. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that business operators should use credit cards more often with her suppliers and review expenses regularly to lower costs; this would aid the business in recouping its capital quickly.

What Are the Prospects of Sustainable Aquaculture in the Niger Delta, Nigeria?

Globally, the wild capture fishery is declining, and aquaculture is expanding to help fill the gap, especially in Asia and developing countries. However, the sustainability of the aquaculture sector is raising questions, and answering those questions requires the adoption of new technologies and better management practices. Nowhere is this seen more clearly than in Nigeria where aquaculture generally means catfish, the most farmed species of which is clarias garipinus because it is a native species, and it plays an important role in the average Nigerian diet. However, small-scale catfish aquaculture businesses are affected by various challenges that threaten the sustainability of the sector. Prominent among these challenges are: poor management skills; lack of good quality fish seed supply; high cost of fish feed; inconsistency in government policy and limited regulations; lack of consideration about the impacts of aquaculture practice on the environment causing water pollution and environmental degradation, and insecurity of investment against natural disasters such as floods. This research investigated these challenges in eight sites in two states (Delta and Bayelsa) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Data were gathered from a survey questionnaire, key informant interviews, personal observations, and published literature. Key findings showed that the sustainable development of the small-scale catfish farming industry in Delta and Bayelsa states is vulnerable to several threats that prevent it from fulfilling its undoubted potential to grow into a much larger sector, which could significantly reduce Nigeria’s reliance on fish imports, as well as relieve pressure on the overfished marine catch sector. Nevertheless, despite the threats, most catfish farmers are committed to their work and deserve the support of the government to enable them to succeed.

The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Small and Medium Scale businesses: A case study of laundry businesses in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

The research on the importance of Social Media Marketing in small and medium-sized laundry companies in Port Harcourt was conducted to find out how profit, customer base, and customer complaints are impacted by social media marketing. The study used purposive sampling technique, and survey approach through questionnaires to generate primary data from the 198 respondents. The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between profitability, customer base, and customer complaints resolution. This implies that with consistent and improved social media marketing by the SMEs in the laundry business, their profits and customer base will improve. The study concluded that SMEs could benefit from SMM. It is recommended that SMEs should improve their social media marketing using various methods as this will increase their customer base, profitability, and faster customer complaints resolution.

Making Economic Decisions through the Implementation of SAK EMKM at IKM Pamekasan, Indonesia

The phenomenon is the emergence of small-scale businesses with medium-low income to large-scale businesses with medium-high turnover. In its development, although many SMEs have sprung up, not many have survived for quite a long time. One of the factors is the lack of product innovation to consumers significantly so that there is no recording of financial reports according to SAK EMKM standards so that these IKM actors do not fully know whether the business is profitable or even experiencing losses due to the absence of proper financial reporting. The research object is an IKM under the auspices of the Pamekasan Regency DISPERINDAG in the form of a batik center. The purpose of this research is to find out the right economic decision-making through the implementation of SAK EMKM using fundamental analysis. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. This research was conducted using the method of direct observation to the field. The results of the study revealed that there were no IKM financial reports that complied with SAK EMKM standards. Based on the results of calculating efficiency ratios, effectiveness and fundamental analysis, only IKM Hadi Batik produces good performance and is in accordance with company standards and appropriate economic decision-making is investment decisions in order to create an IKM that will be stronger and more developed in the future.

The Influence of Halal Awareness of Halal Labels and Sub-Cultures on the Purchase Decision of MSME Products in Bumiayu

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are productive economic businesses run by individuals or medium to small scale business entities and business fields that have a role in regional development and regional economic growth. This study aims to find the influence of Halal Awareness, Halal Labels and Sub-cultures on MSME Product Purchasing Decisions in Bumiayu. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative researchers using survey methods and data collection by distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with accidental sampling method. The number of samples used was 96 samples, each of which had been tested and met the requirements of validity and reliability tests. Data analysis using multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using partial (t test) and simultaneous (F test) significance tests by showing the results of Halal Awareness, Halal Labels and Sub-culture have an influence on MSME Product Purchasing Decisions in Bumiayu.

CREATIVE VENTURE INITIATIVES IN MICRO-BUSINESSES

India being seventh largest country in the world is empowered by its human resource with 65% of its population below the age of 35 years. Unfortunately, India even today is considered as developing country. Creative venture initiatives in micro business involve innovative and imaginative approaches to starting or expanding small-scale businesses. It is the prevailing situation that only the giant business houses exploit the opportunities of globalization to a greater extent which caused concentration of money in the hands of few. In spite of the openings of various cells by the government India lag behind in developing strategies to go in for promotional activities in entrepreneurship especially to strengthen small scale enterprises. As a result many talented entrepreneurs find it very hard to transform themselves in to innovation practitioners. Execution of talent is discouraged due to the lack of integrated inclusion. A platform is to be created to make innovative/ creative small scale enterprises to go in for internationalization. Therefore innovative practices and its practitioners of small scale enterprises are to be recognized at the earliest. A system must be developed by the government to assess the quality in meeting the global requirement and educate entrepreneurs in this regard. The paper highlights on awareness level of entrepreneurs about the worth of globalization and the way out to go in for internationalization. These initiatives often focus on leveraging unique ideas, products, or services to stand out in competitive markets and possible difficulties to be faced while entrepreneurs go in for internationalization of their innovative entrepreneurial activities. The impact of Internationalization of innovative entrepreneurial activities of small enterprise over Indian economy is also highlighted and an effort has been made to provide suggestions in materializing the said concept. KEY WORDS: Internationalization, Innovative entrepreneurial activities & Indian Economy

Investment Decisions and Small-Scale Business Sustainability in University of Calabar, Nigeria

The study ascertains the influence of investment decisions and small-scale business sustainability at the University of Calabar, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, three research questions were asked, and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, which was tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consisted of one hundred and seventy-six (176) small-scale business operators on the main campus of the University of Calabar, who were all involved in the study. The questionnaire titled "Investment Decision and Small-Scale Business Sustainability Questionnaire (IDSCBSQ)" was used for data collection. The collected data were used to calculate the mean (X) and standard deviation (SD), while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance using an independent t- test. The findings of the study showed that investment decisions, strategic investments, and the expansion of investments influence small-scale business sustainability in universities in Calabar with high influence (HI). While the text of the hypotheses revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean rating of the male and female respondents on the influence of capital budgeting, strategic investment, and expansion of investment on small-scale business sustainability, It is concluded, among others, that investment in small-scale business enterprises will continue to yield proportionate returns in terms of investment in small-scale business operators; it is recommended, among other things, that the government should train small-scale business operators to improve their business operations.

Assessment of the Impact of N-Power Programme in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study examines the impact of N-Power programme on the economy ofNigeria with Akwa Ibom State as a case study. The paper identifies the categories of N-Power beneficiaries and the extent to which the policy influence on their economic life as well as the impediments of the N-power programme on the society. This study utilized the survey design and gather data from both the primary and secondary sources.Questionnaires were used to collect data, while key informant interview was used to complement the questionnaire.The Yamane’s formula for determining sample size was used to select 400 persons for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted, where the entire target population was grouped into strata to reflect the beneficiaries of N-teach, beneficiary schools and the government officials. Data for the study were analysed using tables, figures and percentages for analysis of data. Findings reveal that the beneficiaries of N-Power programme were mostly composed of non-graduates which comprised secondary school leavers and other skill acquisition aspects followed by the N-Teach, Health strand, N-Agro and Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme (VAIDS) strands respectively. Though the programme has improved the standard of economic life of the beneficiaries through poverty reduction, proficiency skills in ICT, financial empowerment, on-the-job experience and investment in small scale businesses, delay in payment of allowance, unpaid allowances, distance to working places and lack of supervision has been the major impediments. The study, therefore, recommends prompt and timely payment of the stipends by Federal Government, timely resolution of problems of unpaid allowances, posting of beneficiaries nearest to place of residence and teacher education for N-Teach categories as well as proper supervision.

Investigating the Impact of Facebook on Small-Scale Businesses in India: Analyzing the Effects of Social Media Influence

We observe "Change" every minute in the current scenario of a quickly changing globe. Because of the development of new technologies and the use of gadgets like Android phones, iPhones, iPads, and other similar devices, The way of life of people has altered. One of the best methods for marketers is through digital marketing. to leverage social media to expand their brands. This paper makes an effort to investigate how Facebook.com has affected small-scale business. This study also looked at the motivations behind small business social media usage of the owners. The present investigation has found that examined only one aspect of the social media industry, namely facebook.com. An analysis of consumer perceptions, preferences for characteristics that boost Facebook user adoption and alter purchasing behavior has been done. The most crucial variables that have the most impact, which enables the business owner to create their decision support system and enhance the attainable business (Hyde et al., 2017) .The factors that led Facebook users to purchase products through the social media platform, were utilizing component analysis to determine for the analysis. The same analysis was used to assist the researchers in their goal of understanding why proprietors of small businesses use via social media to grow their establishments. I have gathered 250+ samples for this study and provided a helpful conclusion from the perspective of the consumer demographic information aspects from India. Literature review In his article, Hunt (2010) looked into how crucial social media is to businesses' efforts to hire new staff. According to their research, Businesses are promoting their value propositions on social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook in order to draw in talented people and increase equity associated with a brand (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012). Employer reputability is crucial for attracting qualified applicants rather than just the masses. Lack of employer branding will have a negative impact about the procedure for branding. Social media's influence on an organization's strategic reputation management was stressed by Aula (2010). in his study. Additionally, they underlined how crucial it is to begin reputation management before a crisis. Additionally, the study demonstrated the critical role that ambient publicity plays in protecting an organization's reputation. Numerous organizational tactics, including the "approach of failure," "method of the existence," "approach of enrollment," and "method of constant presence," had been illustrated. In contrast to the previous style of pure-bricks company model, Bashar, Ahmad, and Wasiq (2012) have shown the reality that social media is currently an essential component of marketing as well as promotion mix to sustain the firm. Additionally, they discovered that social media has a bigger influence on the study's participants' purchasing decisions. According to Gunther et al. (2014), small businesses are now increasingly adopting Facebook. The main justification is that it saves time and money, which makes it easier to promote the products. They have also made an effort to demonstrate how Facebook aids in bridging poor links between businesses. Additionally, it promotes corporate expansion by expanding exposure to specific target markets with less expense.

Bioremediation of Tofu Wastewater Using EM4 and Apu Plant (Pistia stratiotes L.)

The number of tofu factories that have been established has resulted in a large amount of waste being produced. Tofu factories that stand on average are small-scale businesses that cannot afford to manufacture their own waste treatment, so that the waste produced is directly disposed into the environment without processing, this can pollute the environment. Waste treatment can be done in a simple way that doesn't require a lot of money, such as bioremediation using EM4 and Apu plant (Pistia stratiotes L.). The aim of this research was to study bioremediation of tofu wastewater in reducing BOD, COD and TSS levels using Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) and Apu plant (Pistia stratiotes L.). This research using experimental method and Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 3 treatments (P1, P2 and P3) that is P1 as the control treatment (without EM4 and Apu plant), P2 as the bioremediation treatment using EM4, and P3 as treatment using Apu plant (Pistia stratiotes L.). Each treatment was repeated 7 times. Parameters measured included pH, BOD, COD and TSS of the waste before and after treatment. Observational data were analyzed by ANOVA test then tested by LSD test. The research results showed that there were differences in bioremediation using Effective microorganism-4 (EM4) and Apu plant (Pistia stratiotes L.) but it was not yet effective in reducing BOD, COD and TSS levels in tofu wastewater. The treatment was ineffective because the remediation results still did not meet the quality standarts in East Java Governor Regulation No 52 of 2014.Keywords: EM4, Pistia stratiotes L., tofu wastewater, waste treatment.

Women's Resilience in Building Family Resilience After Divorce in Silo Sub-District, Jember Regency

Divorce is one of life's events that has significant impacts, not only on the divorcing couple but also on the families involved, especially the children. In this context, women often find themselves in a more vulnerable position as they frequently shoulder dual roles as mothers and workers. After a divorce, women often face substantial economic, social, and psychological pressures. The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the lives of women in Silo Subdistrict, Jember Regency, after divorce. The research approach chosen by the researcher is a legal research approach. This research was conducted in Silo Subdistrict, Jember Regency. The research subjects in this study included several single-parent women, widows, community figures (modin), and officials from Silo Subdistrict, Jember Regency. Data collection methods employed in this research included observation, interviews, and documentation. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive analysis technique in this study. The research findings indicate that the majority of single-parent women in Silo Subdistrict, Jember Regency, strive to meet their living needs by engaging in small-scale businesses such as selling cilok (Indonesian snack made from tapioca) and sausages, operating grocery stores and snack shops, and also selling vegetables. Additionally, some work as domestic assistants, overseas migrant workers (TKW), and engage in other activities, including labor work.

Penerapan Metode K-Means Clustering Untuk Menentukan Pola Penjualan Kue Pada Alfaza Bakery

The home industry is a type of small-scale business activity that is often found in villages and around houses, both in urban and rural areas. Starting from an association of the same people who studied to pursue the field of making cakes and bread and who then wanted to expand the sales area and create jobs for residents. the obstacle faced is ignorance of the products that are purchased the most and in which areas certain products run out the fastest, it is necessary to do data mining analysis using the clustering method. The K-Means method is a data clustering method using observation based on the similarity of the objects studied. A cluster is a collection of data that has similarities in its members or is different from other groups, clusters are used to minimize variation within a cluster and maximize variation between clusters, in other words data that has attribute similarities between one another and attribute differences to other clusters, determines the right cluster by using the elbow method which can maximize the quality of clusters so that the clusters are more varied. The results of testing this study with the elbow method obtained the right number of 4 clusters, then the clustering results with the most sales were obtained in cluster 3, cluster 1 with moderate sales, cluster 0 with few sales and cluster 2 with the least sales.

Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Sesuai SAK-EMKM Bagi UKM di Wilayah Kelurahan Bugangan Semarang

The profile of SMEs in the Bugangan subdistrict environment is on a small business scale. SME business actors have a low level of understanding of financial reports in accordance with SAK-EMKM, where during the process of running their business, the actors still mix business finances with household finances, so there is no separate recording, so the level of business profit cannot be seen. As a follow-up, the solution offered is that the Lecturer Team at the Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang will provide training in preparing simple financial reports according to SAK EMKM using Basic Accounting Equations, Profit and Loss Reports, Changes in Capital Reports, Balance Sheet Reports and Statements of Cash Flows. Community service activities are carried out using lecture, training and discussion/question and answer methods. The work procedure for service activities is carried out through several stages including the identification stage, the preparation stage, the implementation stage, the monitoring and evaluation stage, the reporting and publication stage. The community service activity program will be held on Saturday, June 8 2023. The community service activity will be held at Balai RW 07 Jl. Serayu I, Bugangan Village, East Semarang District. This activity is carried out for 1 (one) day from 11.00 to 14.00 (1 x 3 hours). Service participants were very enthusiastic in participating in training activities. Service participants felt greatly helped by the training activities.

“Localness” in donburi rice bowls in a remote rural areas: The case of Noto Peninsula, Japan

This paper takes the example of “notobowl (Notodon)”, which was created as a new “local dish” in the Oku-Noto region, a peripheral area at the tip of the Noto Peninsula, Japan, to showcase how local chefs selected local ingredients to serve on bowls of rice to promote the local characteristics of the Noto (or Oku-Noto) region. This research focuses on small-scale family businesses, in the context of globalization and the global market economy. Each restaurant used products that it had already been selling locally by recommodifying them with a Notodon theme, so that they could be sold in a larger market area. I conducted semi-structured interviews with restaurant managers and other people who were part of the production process. The interviews focused on how each restaurant came up with its original dish, which considered the restaurant’s location, its existing operation, and the influence of outside actors. The interview questions also inquired about the effects of commodifying localness on small family businesses in peripheral areas. The interviews indicated that local small-scale businesses led the promotion of Notodon. The restaurants followed their own procedures when they served their local dishes, they encouraged tourists to consume their Notodon.

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LIVELIHOOD MAKING IN CHIGUMULA, BLANTYRE AND THABWA, CHIKWAWA DISTRICTS IN MALAWI

Small scale businesses in Africa and other developing countries play an important role in creating employment opportunities and improving the lives of women. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of female owned enterprises to livelihood making in Malawi. The study also examines the factors that affect performance of female owned enterprises. The study used the mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach to collect data from female entrepreneurs. The probability (simple random sampling) and non-probability sampling (snow balling) techniques were used to select the respondents. The research findings reveal that, some Non-Governmental Organisations support female entrepreneurs with start-up capital as part of empowerment through income generating activities. The main entrepreneurial activity supported by NGOs is farming, and this is where many female businesses are concentrated. While research in Africa shows that most female businesses are found in less paying activities in the SME sector, this research reveals that many female entrepreneurs in Malawi occupy some profitable enterprises. Despite this, most female enterprises are faced with some challenges that hinder their good performance. The study has the policy implications to improving performance of female enterprises. The study suggests that government should take a leading role in promoting female businesses. The relevant ministries should assist female entrepreneurs with affordable loans for procurement of technology. In addition, entrepreneurs should be trained to use modern marketing platforms, and assisted with establishment of potential market opportunities, locally and internationally.