Small Portion Research Articles

POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF ORBITAL TUMOR REMOVAL SURGERY IN SARDJITO GENERAL HOSPITAL

Introduction: Orbital tumor removal surgery represent a small but significant portion of ophthalmologic surgery, and few reports of the associated complications are available. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study was carried out 138 patients who undergone orbital tumor removal surgery during July 2021-March 2023. Surgery approach and postoperative complications were collected from medical record. Results: Of approximately 138 patients, 12 (6%) patients had postoperative complications. Five (5%) of 75 patients who undergone anterior orbitotomy had postoperative complications. One percent had lagophthalmos, 1% had ptosis, 2% had decreased vision, and 1% had ocular movement disorders. Lateral orbitotomy was done in 21 patients. Three (12%) patients had postoperative complications. Four percent had ptosis, 4% had decreased vision, and 4% had ocular movement disorders. Four (60%) of 6 patients who undergone medial orbitotomy had ptosis (16%) and decreased vision (50%). Posterior orbitotomy was done in 8 patients. One (12,5%) patient had complication of ptosis. Conclusion: Anterior orbitotomy was the most common surgery approach for orbital tumor removal. The most common postoperative complications were ptosis and decreased vision. Informed consent is an important aspect to improve patient’s knowledge of postoperative complications.

Nanophotosensitizing through Space Charge Transfer Assemblies of Pentacenequinone Derivative for 'Metal-free' Photoamidation Reactions.

The present study demonstrates the influence of small portion (20 %) of organic co-solvent (DMSO/THF/ACN/MeOH) in mixed aqueous media (80 % water) in controlling the size, quantum yield and life time of the through space charge transfer assemblies (TSCT) of pentacenequinone derivative (TPy-PCQ-TPy). Among various solvent systems [H2 O : DMSO (8 : 2), H2 O : THF (8 : 2), H2 O : ACN (8 : 2) and H2 O : MeOH (8 : 2)] examined, highly emissive (Φf =12 %) and nano-sized assemblies having long life time (3.11 ns) were formed in H2 O : DMSO (8 : 2) solvent system. The solvent dependent differences in the size and excited state properties of TPy-PCQ-TPy assemblies are reflected in their photosensitizing behaviour in different solvent systems. Backed by excellent photosensitizing properties, TPy-PCQ-TPy assemblies smoothly catalyse the photoamidation reactions between unactivated/activated aldehydes and secondary amine under mild reaction conditions (visible light irradiation, aerial atmosphere, room temperature) in H2 O : DMSO (8 : 2) solvent mixture. The as prepared assemblies of TPy-PCQ-TPy also exhibit high potential to catalyse the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aromatic aldehydes, thus, generating a possibility to use aromatic alcohols as the starting material in photoamidation reactions. The real time application of TSCT assemblies has also been demonstrated in gram scale transformation of aromatic aldehydes to aromatic amides and photooxidation of benzyl alcohol to aromatic aldehyde.

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL COMPACTION IN AN AREA IN THE URBAN PERIMETER IN THE CITY OF PORTO VELHO/RO

The lack of adequate urban planning, combined with the disorderly growth of Brazilian cities, brings a series of environmental problems resulting from human action. Among these, the pollution of soils and water bodies, soil compaction, and impermeabilization stand out. These issues lead to alterations in surface runoff and natural drainage, resulting in flooding. This study assessed the degree of soil compaction in an area located within the urban perimeter of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia. The assessment was carried out using a Stolf Impact Penetrometer to measure soil penetration resistance at 18 points. Subsequently, interpolation was performed using the Kriging method to generate a continuous surface. The results show that the eastern portion of the study area, where points P6, P12, and P18 are located, and a smaller portion in the southern region, where point P16 is situated, exhibit higher values of soil penetration resistance, ranging from 2.05 to 2.47 MPa. The observed values indicate high compaction of the local clayey soil and are associated with intense demographic occupation in these areas, followed by human activities and the removal of natural vegetation. This, combined with an inefficient urban drainage system, has caused disruptions to the local population.

Genetics of Gallstone Disease and Their Clinical Significance: A Narrative Review.

Gallstone (GS) disease is common and arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic abnormalities specifically leading to cholesterol GSs are rare, there are clinically significant gene variants associated with cholesterol GSs. In contrast, most bilirubin GSs can be attributed to genetic defects. The pathogenesis of cholesterol and bilirubin GSs differs greatly. Cholesterol GSs are notably influenced by genetic variants within the ABC protein superfamily, including ABCG8, ABCG5, ABCB4, and ABCB11, as well as genes from the apolipoprotein family such as ApoB100 and ApoE (especially the E3/E3 and E3/E4 variants), and members of the MUC family. Conversely, bilirubin GSs are associated with genetic variants in highly expressed hepatic genes, notably UGT1A1, ABCC2 (MRP2), ABCC3 (MRP3), CFTR, and MUC, alongside genetic defects linked to hemolytic anemias and conditions impacting erythropoiesis. While genetic cases constitute a small portion of GS disease, recognizing genetic predisposition is essential for proper diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling.

Chemical Circularity in 3D Printing with Biobased Δ-Valerolactone.

Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a vat photopolymerization-based 3D printing technology that fabricates parts typically made of chemically crosslinked polymers. The rapidly growing DLP market has an increasing demand for polymer raw materials, along with growing environmental concerns. Therefore, circular DLP printing with a closed-loop recyclable ink is of great importance for sustainability. The low-ceiling temperature alkyl-substituted δ-valerolactone (VL) is an industrially accessible biorenewable feedstock for developing recyclable polymers. In this work, acrylate-functionalized poly(δ-valerolactone) (PVLA), synthesized through the ring-opening transesterification polymerization of VL, is used as a platform photoprecursor to improve the chemical circularity in DLP printing. A small portion of photocurable reactive diluent (RD) turns the unprintable PVLA into DLP printable ink. Various photocurable monomers can serve as RDs to modulate the properties of printed structures for applications like sacrificial molds, soft actuators, sensors, etc. The intrinsic depolymerizability of PVLA is well preserved, regardless of whether the printed polymer is a thermoplastic or thermoset. The recovery yield of virgin quality VL monomer is 93% through direct bulk thermolysis of the printed structures. This work proposes the utilization of depolymerizable photoprecursors and highlights the feasibility of biorenewable VL as a versatile material platform toward circular DLP printing.

Accelerating thermokarst lake changes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

As significant evidence of ice-rich permafrost degradation due to climate warming, thermokarst lake was developing and undergoing substantial changes. Thermokarst lake was an essential ecosystem component, which significantly impacted the global carbon cycle, hydrology process and the stability of the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor. In this paper, based on Sentinel-2 (2021) and Landsat (1988–2020) images, thermokarst lakes within a 5000 m range along both sides of Qinghai–Tibet Highway were extracted to analyse the spatio-temporal variations. The results showed that the number and area of thermokarst lake in 2021 were 3965 and 4038.6 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^{2}$$\\end{document}), with an average size of 1.0186 ha. Small thermokarst lakes (<\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$<\\,$$\\end{document}1 ha) accounted for 85.65% of the entire lake count, and large thermokarst lakes (>\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$>\\,$$\\end{document}10 ha) occupied for 44.92% of the whole lake area. In all sub-regions, the number of small lake far exceeds 75% of the total lake number in each sub-region. R1 sub-region (around Wudaoliang region) had the maximum number density of thermokarst lakes with 0.0071, and R6 sub-region (around Anduo region) had the minimum number density with 0.0032. Thermokarst lakes were mainly distributed within elevation range of 4300 m–5000 m a.s.l. (94.27% and 97.13% of the total number and size), on flat terrain with slopes less than 3∘\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^\\circ$$\\end{document} (99.17% and 98.47% of the total number and surface) and in the north, south, and southeast aspects (51.98% and 50.00% of the total number and area). Thermokarst lakes were significantly developed in warm permafrost region with mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) > − 1.5 ∘\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^\\circ$$\\end{document}C, accounting for 47.39% and 54.38% of the total count and coverage, respectively. From 1988 to 2020, in spite of shrinkage or even drain of small portion of thermokarst lake, there was a general expansion trend of thermokarst lake with increase in number of 195 (8.58%) and area of 1160.19 ha (41.36%), which decreased during 1988–1995 (− 702 each year and − 706.27 ha/yr) and then increased during 1995–2020 (184.96–702 each year and 360.82 ha/yr). This significant expansion was attributed to ground ice melting as rising air temperature at a rate of 0.03–0.04 ∘\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^\\circ$$\\end{document}C/yr. Followed by the increasing precipitation (1.76–3.07 mm/yr) that accelerated the injection of water into lake.

Who built Songdo, the “world’s first smart city?” questioning technology firms’ ability to lead smart city development

ABSTRACT The media often depicts major information and technology (ICT) firms, such as IBM, Google, and Cisco, as the principal driving forces of smart city development. However, we argue that traditional urban development actors, such as real estate developers and national and local governments, play larger roles. ICT firms have limitations as leaders of major smart city development because of two important factors: 1) financially, the ICT budget is merely a small portion of the total greenfield smart city development budget, and 2) the ICT product lifespans are much shorter than that of the built environment. We explain how these two issues cause several practical problems that are obstacles to ICT firms taking charge of major smart city development. To this end, we refer to findings from an in-depth case study of the Songdo International Business District, which some have dubbed “the world’s first smart city,” allegedly built by Cisco.

Abstract TMP15: Rurality is Associated With Negative Social Determinants of Health and Worse Acute Stroke Metrics, for Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: One-fifth of the US population reside in rural areas (RAs). Large vessel occlusion (LVO), a quarter of ischemic strokes, portends poor outcomes. Only select hospitals have mechanical thrombectomy (MT) capability, worsening stroke care access in under-resourced areas. Methods: With an integrated Get With the Guidelines and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation registry (2016-2019), we compared demographics, acute stroke metrics, and social determinants of health (SDH) for patients with LVO stroke residing in RAs to those residing in nonrural areas (NRAs). Rural-urban commuting area codes determined rurality. We used Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical variables, and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Results: Of 145,554 patients with LVO, 3% resided in RAs. Of 46,629 patients post-MT, 3% resided in RAs. Patients with LVO residing in RAs were less likely of female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and more likely of White or Native-Hawaiian/Pacific-Islander race, than patients residing in NRAs (Table 1). They were more likely insured by Medicare, less by Medicaid, and less likely baseline ambulatory, have a Bachelor’s degree, or own a home, with lower median income. Patients with LVO residing in RAs more likely transferred into hospitals from other facilities than arrived from scene, less likely received thrombolysis, and had higher onset-to-arrival time. Door-to-needle time (DTNT) was lower for patients with LVO residing in RAs, but comparable specifically for patients undergoing MT (median (IQR) 38 (25) vs 35 (23), p=0.09), compared to patients residing in NRAs. Conclusions: Patients residing in RAs comprised a small portion of patients with LVO in the integrated registry, and differed demographically to patients residing in NRAs. Rurality was associated with negative SDH and worse acute stroke metrics, except DTNT for patients post-MT. Understanding rural stroke disparities may identify approaches to equity for patients with LVO.

Abstract WP251: Dietary Methionine and Homocysteine Level Interaction and Recurrent Stroke

Background: The folate one-carbon metabolism pathway (FOCM) provides vital one-carbon units for epigenetic regulation. Genetic variants in FOCM genes may affect methionine metabolism. Elevated circulating homocysteine (Hcy), a FOCM byproduct, is linked to increased stroke risk. However, the protective effects of dietary regulation of methionine and Hcy levels against recurrent stroke are uncertain. Objective: To investigate dietary methionine (METH) and its interaction with post-methionine load Hcy levels (POST) with recurrent stroke risk; to assess if genetically determined POST and its interaction with METH predict recurrent stroke risk. Methods: We utilized the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial to estimate hazards ratios of METH and its interaction with POST on recurrent stroke with a Cox proportional hazards model. We also generated a POST polygenic risk score (PRS) with ridge regression using previously identified polymorphisms, located within ALDH1L1, CPS1, GNMT, and PSPH, as indicators of FOCM function. Results: The participants (n = 2,100; 64% men) had a mean (SD) age of 67 (11) years. Ancestry consisted of 82% European, 12% African, and 5.7% Other. A small portion of participants had missing POST values (7.3%). Clinical POST (HR 1.02; 95%CI 0.98, 1.06) and its interaction with METH (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97, 1.01) were not associated with recurrent stroke risk. Similarly, there was no significant relationship observed between PRS POST (HR 0.96; 95%CI 0.80, 1.15) and its interaction with METH (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94, 1.10). Conclusion: Dietary methionine and post-methionine load Hcy levels neither interact nor predict recurrent stroke risk. Our PRS approach showed similar negative findings. The relationship of the FOCM and recurrent stroke risk may lie in epigenetics.

League of VetaHumanz SuperPower Pack Program: Introducing Young People from Diverse Backgrounds to STEM Learning Activities and Veterinary Science Careers.

League of VetaHumanz uses a nationwide network of university-community partnerships to provide veterinary STEM learning experiences for children who are more likely to lack access to enriching, supplemental educational opportunities due to systemic barriers based on their race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. To include participation beyond in-person programming, SuperPower Packs, self-guided, learning experiences, were developed. Leveraging social cognitive career theory and the "Batman Effect," SuperPower Packs are designed to build self-efficacy, and seed STEM and veterinary science career aspirations by engaging children in STEM learning through connections with a veterinary role model. Four SuperPower Packs were developed. Beginning in the fall of 2021, for 17 months, 16,655 SuperPower Packs were distributed to children in 23 states. A small portion of children who received the game (3.8%, N = 614, 6-12 years old) returned evaluation surveys that measured activity engagement, likelihood of role model identification and demographics. Participants indicated variation in their experiences, but mean scale scores show desirable perceptions of engagement (MRange = 2.38 - 2.90/3) and role model identification (MRange = 2.15 - 2.94/3). These positive learning and role model experiences help set the stage to encourage youth to pursue similar learning and career opportunities in the future.

The history of star-forming regions in the tails of six GASP jellyfish galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope

Aims. In this work, we aim to characterize the stellar populations of star-forming regions detached from the stellar disks of galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping. Methods. Using images collected with the WFC3 camera on board of the Hubble Space Telescope, we detected stellar clumps in continuum-subtracted Hα and the ultraviolet (F275W filter); such clumps are often embedded in larger regions (star-forming complexes) detected in the optical (F606W filter). Our sample includes 347 Hα clumps, 851 F275W clumps, and 296 star-forming complexes. We modeled the photometry of these objects in five bands using BAGPIPES to obtain their stellar population parameters. Results. The median mass-weighted stellar ages are 27 Myr for Hα clumps and 39 Myr for F275W clumps and star-forming complexes, but the oldest stars in the complexes can be older than ∼300 Myr which indicates that star formation is sustained for long periods of time. Stellar masses vary from 103.5 to 107.1 M⊙, with star-forming complexes being more massive objects in the sample. Clumps and complexes found further away from the host galaxy are on average younger, less massive, and less obscured by dust. We interpret these trends as due to the effect of ram pressure in different phases of the interstellar medium. Hα clumps form a well-defined sequence in the stellar mass–SFR plane with a slope of 0.73. Some F275W clumps and star-forming complexes follow the same sequence while others stray away from it and passively age. The difference in mean stellar age between a complex and its youngest embedded clump scales with the distance between the clump and the center of the optical emission of the complex, with the most displaced clumps being hosted by the most elongated complexes. This is consistent with a fireball-like morphology, where star formation proceeds in a small portion of the complex while older stars are left behind producing a linear stellar population gradient. The stellar masses of star-forming complexes are consistent with the ones of globular clusters, but their stellar mass surface densities are lower by 2 dex, and their properties are more consistent with the population of dwarf galaxies in clusters.

Recovery and Classification of Spherules from the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014 January 8 (IM1) Bolide

We have conducted an extensive towed-magnetic-sled survey during the period 2023 June 14–28, over the seafloor about 85 km north of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, centered around the calculated path of the bolide CNEOS 2014 January 8 (IM1). We found about 850 spherules of diameter 0.05–1.3 mm in our samples. They were analyzed by microXRF, Electron Probe Microanalyzer and ICP Mass spectrometry. We identified 22% of the spherules as the product of planetary igneous differentiation and labeled them as D-type spherules. A small portion of the D-spherules show an excess of Be, La and U, by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the solar system standard of CI chondrites, and a composition pattern that is distinctly different from coal fly ash.

A review on techniques for the cleaning of wastewater

The review thoroughly examines current approaches to wastewater treatment, addressing the urgent worldwide issues of water contamination and shortage. Given that the majority of Earth's surface is covered by water, only a small portion of it is really appropriate for consumption. As a result, billions of people are at risk of experiencing water shortages on a yearly basis. The research examines several therapeutic strategies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with a specific emphasis on their effectiveness, constraints, and current advancements. Adsorption and membrane technology are physical technologies that use developments in nano-sized materials to improve the removal of contaminants. Coagulation/flocculation procedures encounter difficulties in de-colorization and sludge generation, notwithstanding their effectiveness. Chemical techniques such as electrochemical and photo-electrochemical oxidation, Fenton's oxidation, and ozonation demonstrate sophisticated oxidation mechanisms that have the ability to break down pollutants. Nevertheless, the need for continuous improvement arises due to problems such as energy expenses and the generation of by-products. The use of microorganisms for the breakdown of organic colorants is a promising ecologically acceptable solution in the field of biology. Biofilm applications show potential in the treatment of sewage water, highlighting the capacity of microorganisms to adapt and their enzymatic activity. This review highlights the urgent need for ongoing research and technological advancements in order to address the global issue of water scarcity. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solutions into worldwide water management strategies, in order to ensure a resilient future.

KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT BERBASIS TEORI MODEL IMOGENE KING PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is still an important problem for elderly. Most of those who suffer from hypertension are elderly, the aging process which has an impact on weakening brain function can cause mild memory problems or dementia so that most elderly people are disobedient to drinking, because they forget. The family as a companion to the elderly plays a role in reminding them through communication and function as a support system. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to taking hypertension medication based on the Imogene King model theory. The research design used is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study was 45 respondents, while the sample used was 40 respondents, using a purposive sampling technique in the UPTD Work Area of the Bendo Health Center, Pare District, Kediri Regency. Research variables on medication adherence based on Imogene King's model theory in hypertensive patients. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. Data analysis uses percentages and is interpreted quantitatively. The results of the research from 40 respondents, the majority of respondents, namely 28 (70%) were obedient to taking hypertension medication and a small portion of respondents, 12 (30%) were quite obedient in taking hypertension medication. The research results showed that the majority of respondents adhered to taking hypertension medication. It is hoped that the Imogene King model's theoretical interaction system can become a model for increasing medication adherence for families who have elderly family members who suffer from hypertension so that blood pressure is well controlled.

Seismic Thermography

ABSTRACT Variations in temperature within the Earth are of great interest because they indicate the thickness and, consequently, mechanical strength of the lithosphere and density variations and convection patterns in the sublithospheric mantle. Seismic tomography maps seismic velocity variations in the mantle, which strongly depend on temperature. Temperatures are, thus, often inferred from tomography. Tomographic models, however, are nonunique solutions of inverse problems, regularized to ensure model smoothness or small model norm, not plausible temperature distributions. For example, lithospheric geotherms computed from seismic velocity models typically display unrealistic oscillations, with improbable temperature decreases with depth within shallow mantle lithosphere. The errors due to the intermediate-model nonuniqueness are avoided if seismic data are inverted directly for temperature. The recently developed thermodynamic inversion methods use computational petrology and thermodynamic databases to jointly invert seismic and other data for temperature and composition. Because seismic velocity sensitivity to composition is much weaker than to temperature, we can invert seismic data primarily for temperature, with reasonable assumptions on composition and other relevant properties and with additional inversion parameters such as anisotropy. Here, we illustrate thus-defined seismic thermography with thermal imaging of the lithosphere and asthenosphere using surface waves. We show that the accuracy of the models depends critically on the accuracy of the extraction of structural information from the seismic data. Random errors have little effect but correlated errors of even a small portion of 1% can affect the models strongly. We invert data with different noise characteristics and test a simple method to estimate phase velocity errors. Seismic thermography builds on the techniques of seismic tomography and relies on computational petrology, but it is emerging as a field with its scope of goals, technical challenges, and methods. It produces increasingly accurate models of the Earth, with important inferences on its dynamics and evolution.

Quantitative Valuation Methods in Green Energy

Green Energy is a special case because it can be considered both as a “private good” and a “public good.” In other words, green energy carries a positive externality and the market value reflects only a small portion of the total benefits. That is why, the methods of assessing the value of a market economy does not give a complete picture. In order to calculate the total monetary value in green energy, the indirect valuation methods cannot give the true value, since they study only the use value, and environmental goods/services carries usually the non-use value too. Therefore, direct market valuation methods such as Contingent Valuation (CVM) and Choice Experiment (CE) methods can be used to calculate the total value in Green Energy. Keywords: Green Energy; Willingness to Accept (WTA); Willingness to Pay (WTP); Contingent Valuation Method (CVM); Choice Experiment (CE).

Who tests for lead and why? A 10-year analysis of blood lead screening, follow-up and CNS outcomes in a statewide US healthcare system

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine (1) which providers in US healthcare systems order lead tests, why and at what frequency and (2) whether current patient population lead levels are predictive...

Synergetic impact of dual substitution on anionic–Cationic activity of P2-type sodium manganese oxide

P2-type sodium-deficient cathodes with the local Na–O–A configuration (A=Li, Mg, Zn, and vacancy) have attracted great interest due to their high capacity, stemming from the additional contribution of the oxygen-redox chemistry. However, such materials suffer from irreversible oxygen redox, oxygen release, structural distortion, and capacity fading. Herein, we introduce a dual-doping Li/Cu strategy to improve the properties of P2-NaxMnO2 cathode material. The unique sodium-storage mechanism in P2-Na0.75[Li0.15Cu0.15Mn0.7]O2 is verified using operando X-ray diffraction (o-XRD), X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility methods. O-XRD and 7Li solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveal that the P2 phase is maintained within charge and discharge; however, at high voltage, a small portion of O-type stacking faults are emerged due to the migration of Li to octahedral Na sites. Furthermore, various spectroscopy and magnetometry techniques combined with density functional theory calculation demonstrate the stable activity of cationic Cu2+/Cu3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ and anionic O2−/(O2)n− redox processes. This work highlights the efficacy of Li and Cu doping in P2-type layered materials and the contribution of oxygen redox to additional capacity at high voltages, suggesting the potential for future development of cathode materials for Na-ion batteries with oxygen redox.

Buying History Of Organic Food By Consumers In An Emerging Market

Consumption of organic food is rising quickly in emerging nations. Organic food is a specific sort of food product with rigorous cultivation methods. In actuality, only a small portion of consumers in many emerging economies are aware of this kind of cuisine. This study examines and evaluates the variables influencing consumers' attitudes about organic food and their intention to buy it in a developing market. The results of the study show that attitudes toward organic food are positively impacted by knowledge of organic food, information about organic food, concerns about food safety, and the perceived value of organic food. The findings also demonstrate that attitudes regarding organic food and perceived value have a major impact on purchasing intention.

Tpgen: a language model for stable protein design with a specific topology structure

BackgroundNatural proteins occupy a small portion of the protein sequence space, whereas artificial proteins can explore a wider range of possibilities within the sequence space. However, specific requirements may not be met when generating sequences blindly. Research indicates that small proteins have notable advantages, including high stability, accurate resolution prediction, and facile specificity modification.ResultsThis study involves the construction of a neural network model named TopoProGenerator(TPGen) using a transformer decoder. The model is trained with sequences consisting of a maximum of 65 amino acids. The training process of TopoProGenerator incorporates reinforcement learning and adversarial learning, for fine-tuning. Additionally, it encompasses a stability predictive model trained with a dataset comprising over 200,000 sequences. The results demonstrate that TopoProGenerator is capable of designing stable small protein sequences with specified topology structures.ConclusionTPGen has the ability to generate protein sequences that fold into the specified topology, and the pretraining and fine-tuning methods proposed in this study can serve as a framework for designing various types of proteins.