Innovation In Small Enterprises Research Articles

The factors of post-covid recovery in the growth of Ukrainian economy in 2021-2022

Given the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, the study focuses on the higher risk of negative long-term consequences of the pandemic in developing economies (particularly in Ukraine). This is due to the limited fiscal support of economies in these countries, in contrast to the numerous measures taken by the governments of developed countries to support citizens and businesses during the corona crisis. The devastating long-term effects of the coronary crisis on the economies and populations of poorer countries will continue until governments take steps towards economic recovery and promotion of economic growth. Based on the identification of the main drivers of economic growth in Ukraine in 2016-2019, as well as the generalization of the experience of post-COVID economic recovery in other countries (including Australia, USA, EU, Japan and advanced Asian countries), the study proposes ways to restore Ukraine’s economy and minimize adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author proposes to promote the recovery of the Ukrainian economy through expanding domestic (both consumer and investment) demand and intensifying innovation-based development. As shown by the analysis of international experience, consumer demand under the pandemic conditions should be encouraged, in particular through the development of domestic tourism; assistance to small businesses in diversifying their sales channels; promotion of demand in the online market. The author points out that in order to promote investment demand it is necessary to emphasize the development of infrastructure, introduction of temporary investment incentives, and transfer of losses received in previous tax periods. It is proposed to intensify the innovative development of Ukraine by creating an environment favorable to the development of small innovative enterprises (startups), increasing research and development costs, and integrating business, education, and research organizations.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ: СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

Global manufacturers of timber products and specialized research institutes are actively developing innovative materials and improving production processes. The fastest growing groups include innovative packaging materials, innovative building materials, biodegradable polymers and biofuels. The aim of the article is to form a theoretical and methodological basis for the innovative development of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic. The subject of the research is theoretical and methodological aspects of innovative development of the forestry complex. Methods used in the study: historical method, methods of verification of theoretical positions (morphological analysis of the content and relationship of categories, principles and laws, assessment of the correspondence of historical facts to theoretical hypotheses), methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical method (hypothetical and axiomatic approaches), comparison method. Research hypothesis. The innovative development of the forestry complex in Russia is associated with forest chemistry. In particular, tall oil rosin and tall oil fatty acids in the markets of Russia and Asia are considered the most priority segments for Russian manufacturers. Presentation of the main material. Analysis of the current state of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic revealed an extremely low level of innovation activity. Over the years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, development proceeded along the extensive path of increasing the production and export of forest products of primary and secondary levels of redistribution, and the share of innovative products in the commodity and industry structure was measured at the level of statistical error. Originality and practical value of the research. The production of innovative products of the second generation is a promising direction for the development of the timber processing industry in the Komi Republic. The main ones are: bioconversion of cellulose-containing raw materials; biomass torrefaction technology based on plant waste; production of sulphate turpentine; highly active preparations for agriculture from pine needles. Conclusions of the study. It is planned to implement these directions by increasing the output of products with high added value, organizing new production of innovative products, commissioning medium and small innovative enterprises for the production of wood flour, biosorbents and other products, and developing regional wooden housing construction.

ЧИННИКИ ПОСТКОВІДНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЗРОСТАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ У 2021–2022 РОКАХ

Given the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, the study focuses on the higher risk of negative long-term consequences of the pandemic in developing economies (particularly in Ukraine). This is due to the limited fiscal support of economies in these countries, in contrast to the numerous measures taken by the governments of developed countries to support citizens and businesses during the corona crisis. The devastating long-term effects of the coronary crisis on the economies and populations of poorer countries will continue until governments take steps towards economic recovery and promotion of economic growth. Based on the identification of the main drivers of economic growth in Ukraine in 2016-2019, as well as the generalization of the experience of post- COVID economic recovery in other countries (including Australia, USA, EU, Japan and advanced Asian countries), the study proposes ways to restore Ukraine’s economy and minimize adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author proposes to promote the recovery of the Ukrainian economy through expanding domestic (both consumer and investment) demand and intensifying innovation-based development. As shown by the analysis of international experience, consumer demand under the pandemic conditions should be encouraged, in particular through the development of domestic tourism; assistance to small businesses in diversifying their sales channels; promotion of demand in the online market. The author points out that in order to promote investment demand it is necessary to emphasize the development of infrastructure, introduction of temporary investment incentives, and transfer of losses received in previous tax periods. It is proposed to intensify the innovative development of Ukraine by creating an environment favorable to the development of small innovative enterprises (startups), increasing research and development costs, and integrating business, education, and research organizations.

The Empirical Study of Board Structure and Firm Performance—Innovative Small Enterprises in China

The Empirical Study of Board Structure and Firm Performance—Innovative Small Enterprises in China

В статье изложены результаты работ, связанные со статистикой учета уведомлений, формированием Реестра учета уведомлений о создании малых инновационных предприя- тий, сопровождением интерактивной информационной системы ФГБНУ НИИ РИНКЦЭ «Учет и мониторинг малых инновационных предприятий научно-образовательной сферы».

The article presents the results of work related to the statistics of registration of notifications, the formation of the Roster of Registration of notifications on the creation of small innovative enterprises, maintenance of the interactive information system of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution SRI FRCEC «Accounting and monitoring of small innovative enterprises in the scientific and educational sphere».

Economic and legal prospects of activation of science parks activity on the way to neoeconomics

Butnik-Siverskiy О. Economic and legal prospects of activation of science parks activity on the way to neoeconomics. The author researches and substantiates by generalizing the scientific points of view improving the legal regulation of the created science parks on the initiative of higher education institutionsand / or research institutions, taking into account the economic and legal prospect of intensifying their activities. National and foreign experience of science parks activity is considered. The content of using the founding agreement on creation of a science park and the agreement on partnership of business entities witha science park is provided. Problems that have not yet been resolved in the process of creating science parks and using innovative developments are noted. The classical content of entrepreneurship in innovation is provided and considered from the standpoint of clarifying the content of the innovation structure, which is based on the commercialization of intellectual property rights by their types, which is a part of the intellectual capital cycle with a corresponding effective result. There is substantiated the procedure of formation of the statutory capital of the science park, to which higher educational institutions and / or scientific institutions cannot use intellectual property rights to the objects, created at the expense of budgetary funds, but can only under the conclusion of a license agreement with business entity, having non-state and state form of ownership as transferred assets, which does not require the alienation of the object of intellectual property rights as part of intangible assets. It is proposed to use the target budget funds as the initial start-upcapital, which is provided on reverse terms to the state budget in case of closure (liquidation) of the science park by the decision of the founders or on the basis of a court decision. Alternatively, in the absence of target budget funds, it is proposed as a source of money to contribute to the statutory capital of the science park as a start-up capital to send part of the special fund of the state budget. It is justified the creation of a technology transfer office, which will be a structural unit of higher education institutions and / or research institutions, which will deal with the process of filing and reviewing a patent application and subsequent licensing. It isnoted that the science park can be the founder (co-founder) of small innovative enterprises and enter into partnership agreements with them for the implementation of certain innovative projects.Keywords: intellectual and innovation environment, science park, founding agreement, statutory capital, intellectual property rights, license agreement, legal status

Small innovation enterprises: Russian data

Increasing the innovation activity of small enterprises is an urgent problem in Russia and its regions. Innovations include both the production of new or improved products (goods and services) that are significantly different from previously produced products, and the introduction of new or more advanced production processes in enterprises that are significantly different from those that were previously used. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of innovation use based on the specific weight of small innovative enterprises in the total number of small enterprises in the regions of Russia. The study used mathematical modeling of empirical data for all regions and the construction of the corresponding density functions of the normal distribution. The official information of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2015, 2017 and 2019 was considered as the initial empirical data. The study included the study of indicators that characterize the share of small innovative enterprises. The average values of the indicators were determined, as well as the ranges of their changes in the regions of Russia. The conclusions of the study, which contain scientific novelty and originality, are as follows: it is proposed to use economic and mathematical models to evaluate the values of indicators that characterize the innovation activity of small enterprises; it is shown that almost every twentieth small enterprise in Russia showed a certain innovation activity during the period under review; it is shown that the values of the specific weights of small innovative enterprises in the total number of small enterprises were significantly differentiated by region; the regions with the maximum and minimum values of the specific weights of small innovative enterprises are identified.

Innovative potential of a small innovative enterprise organized on the basis of University

The work considers current methodological issues of innovative potential of a small enterprise organized based on a Russian University. The paper contains an analysis of approaches to the concept of "innovative potential", "innovative potential of a small innovative enterprise organized on the basis of a University". The article developed and proposed the author's model, which includes 12 blocks and a scheme for defining the concept of "innovative potential" of the company. In it, taking into account our suggestions, the points of view to its definition were generalized, and a new block was added to the scheme, that will allow small enterprises to develop dynamically in the field of innovation based on higher educational institutions.The results of the authors' research in the direction of innovative potential of small innovative enterprises organized on the basis of the University may be of interest to other universities as a learning experience, as well as Russian and foreign organizations.

ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА МАЛЫХ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ПРИ ВУЗАХ: РЕСУРСНО-НАРРАТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД

The article deals with innovative business structures created at universities and scientific institutions. A methodology for assessing the potential of small innovative enterprises is proposed. Assessment of the potential of small innovative enterprises at universities can be useful for potential counterparties, including the state in the implementation of targeted innovation programs, as well as for innovative entrepreneurs themselves, since the models used in assessing the potential can act as a benchmark for the organization of entrepreneurial activity. Special attention is paid to nonformalized elements of corporate culture, which are proposed to be evaluated on the basis of narrative analysis.

Preface

The 22nd Russian Youth Conference on Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Opto- and Nanoelectronics (RYCPS) was held in Saint Petersburg on November 23 – 27, 2020. It was organized by Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.The program of the Conference included semiconductor technology, heterostructures with quantum wells and quantum dots, opto- and nanoelectronic devices and new materials. Given the restrictions on meetings of a large number of people associated with COVID-19, the conference organizing committee decided to hold it in a virtual format. The oral sessions were held on the Zoom platform, and the poster session was organized using the Miro online whiteboard and the Skype platform. This provided an opportunity for valuable discussions between the conference participants and experienced scientists.The conference included two invited talks given by leading scientists, devoted to actual problems and major advances in physics and technology. The keynote speakers were Mikhail Nestoklon from Ioffe Institute (presentation “Fine structure of excitons in quantum dots based on Pb chalcogenides”) and Sergey Kukushkin from Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering (presentation “A new method of controlled synthesis of nanomaterials for micro- and optoelectronics. Thermodynamics and kinetics of nanoscale synthesis of single-crystal silicon carbide on silicon and its unique properties”). Students, graduate and postgraduate students presented their results on plenary and poster sessions. The total number of accepted papers published in Russian (the official conference language) was 105. Here we publish 24 of them in English.Like previous years, the participants were involved in the competition for the best report. Certificates and cash prizes were awarded to a number of participants for the presentations selected by the Program Committee. Aidar Galimov, a postgraduate student at Ioffe Institute (Saint Petersburg), received the E.F. Gross Prize for the best presentation in the field of semiconductor optics for the report “Investigation of the single photons indistinguishability in InAs/GaAs quantum dots”. Mikhail Rakitskii (Alferov University, Saint Petersburg) was awarded for the best presentation among students with a report “Anomalous Hall effect in semiconductors with zero spin polarization”. Ivan Makhov (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University) was awarded for the best presentation among postgraduate students with a report “Linear refractive index modulation induced by electric current in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells”. Works with potential applications were recommended for participation in the following competition for support from the Russian Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology.The conference was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Program “5–100”) and Tydex LLC, St. Petersburg.The official conference website is http://www.semicond.ru/conf2020 Editors R.A. Suris L.E. Vorobjev D.A. Firsov V.A. Shalygin

Insemination of bee queens with the use of an electric ejaculator for drone

Intensive crop production involves the widespread use of honeybees as organized pollinators. In this regard, there is a need to have a large number of bee colonies for pollination by the beginning of flowering (in May-June) of entomophilous agricultural crops in a short time. Providing a sufficient number of bees is difficult when the queen bees naturally fly around, even if they are reared in nursing families due to weather conditions (wind, low temperature, etc.). To achieve this goal, instrumental insemination of queen bees is used. The effectiveness of this technique and the productivity of a specialist are directly dependent on the technical perfection of the equipment used. In instrumental insemination, the collection of semen from drones is laborious. We have developed at the level of the invention (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2635691, application No. 2017100773 dated 01/10/2017) and tested a stimulator for eversion of the endophallus. The electric ejaculator is an alternating current source, the strength of which does not exceed 5 μA with the ability to regulate the output voltage from 0 to 220 V. Research carried out in the apiary of the Small Innovative Enterprise of the Kuban State Autonomous Institution “ZHIVPROM” Reduces operator time by 60%. Comparative analysis of the sperm quality of drones at the age of 10,17,24 days shows that drones of the age of 24 days produce better quality sperm. Its indicators are the best concentration, density and mobility up to 90%. The study of the egg production of queen bees by laying eggs indicates that the maximum egg production is achieved with instrumental insemination using an electric current for everting the endophalus and collecting sperm. The use of an electric ejaculator with a separately removed handle reduces the time for obtaining drone seed and allows the operator to independently select it without involving an assistant, which reduces labor costs and increases the efficiency of conducting the industry.

State impact on innovative development of business structures

The article considers the issues of development of business structures in Russia in the conditions of transition to a new technological order through innovative development and modernization of the economy. The author defines the key problems of functioning of innovative development institutions in Russia according to their sources and key functions of the state in creating an innovative and entrepreneurial environment. The features of the regional component of the national innovation system are revealed and the role of small and mediumsized businesses in the development of regional clusters is reflected. Special attention is given to the successful functioning of innovative clusters and the important role of small innovative enterprises as a link between the leading enterprise and the research environment.

Features of the work of small innovative enterprises on the basis of military institutions

The importance of this article need to develop a new approach to small business management. The emergence of new business practices requires a review of existing business management systems or the acquisition of new unique management skills. This article highlights the key differences between small industry and humanity and highlights the key aspects of work that should be considered when working with a small military planning organization. At the end of this work, decisions were made on the priorities in the life of the management of small capable companies, which will contribute to the formation of the management idea of such organizations. The paper shows that in the current economic crisis, the success of small businesses is largely due to the effectiveness of their new development system and the success of the new system in which they operate. Development and implementation by entrepreneurs and scientists of investment projects in the field of science, of production processes in small enterprises, to obtain greater opportunities for competition in international and international markets. The author considers the priorities of opening a small business, points out the problems that small businesses face during transformation, and indicates the best ways to solve emergency situations in the economic sector. The following is the share of organizations engaged in small innovative activities and their profitability over the past ten years. The author reflected the effectiveness of the creation of small innovative enterprises, forming the features of their work, displaying feedback and sources of innovative solutions. As a result, based on the survey data, I concluded that there is a positive trend in the growth of small innovative enterprises based on military institutions.

MEANS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The authors of the article have analyzed certain economic characteristics of private investment of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the European Union (hereinafter — the EU). It has been noted that, unlike public funding from the EU Member States and Structural Funds investment, it is appropriate to pay attention to the investment mechanisms used in the private sector to support small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship in the EU, which has its own specificity and sources. The features of such sources as bank lending, corporate and venture investing, as well as financing provided by business angels have been studied. It has been noted that bank loans for innovative enterprises in the EU have become more accessible, but the collateral requirements imposed by banks remain high. The reasons for the low level of corporate investment of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter — SMSEs) in some Member States are the lack of a developed culture of partial investment and the specificity of information exchange between companies and investors. The level of venture capital usage is low and, as a consequence, only a small number of SMSEs are attractive to venture capitalists’ investments. On the other hand, business angels are quite selective about investment objects. This determines their main activity at the stage of initial implementation of innovative projects.
 It has been concluded that a large proportion of SMEs face serious problems in accessing investment resources, and there are significant differences between countries, directly, in such areas as debt financing and, therefore, SMEs’ financing in Europe. is not homogeneous. Despite the large number of support instruments for investing such enterprises in the EU, successful implementation of initiatives does not occur in all countries and has a heterogeneous effect. In order to create a successful EU policy on supporting SMEs there is the need in more in-depth understanding of the problems and specificities of financing SMEs of the EU Member States.

МЕХАНИЗМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ВУЗОВ С ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ

The article deals with the problems of the development of the innovative component of the higher education services sector, which provides a link between science and business under the influence of digital transformation. The necessity of creating a mechanism of interaction between universities and business structures of the region is substantiated. The trends determining the further development of the higher education services market on the basis of a practice-oriented approach through interaction with business structures and the creation of small innovative enterprises are identified. The basis for the development of innovative activities in universities was the implementation of the national project "Education", which allowed to increase the innovative component. Since small innovative enterprises began to be created in accordance with Federal Law No. 217 FZ of 02.08.2009, universities have the right to involve all interested persons as co-founders and introduce their own developments into production. The created small innovative enterprises revealed a number of unresolved problems: related to the authorized capital; with the acquisition of equipment for conducting research; with the lack of the right to dispose of their property; with the provision of investments and the investor's desire to invest in this project; the ability of employees and teachers of universities to engage in entrepreneurial activity and the lack of experience, ability and ability to attract interested parties for the implementation of projects. At the same time, despite a number of unresolved problems, small innovative enterprises at universities in the modern conditions of economic development contribute to the disclosure of creative potential, implement the results of innovative activities and establish a connection with commercial structures, the business environment and educational institutions. The formed scientific potential of the educational institution makes it possible to ensure the development of the scientific base and to form a creative scientific approach to personnel training, and small innovative enterprises will ensure the introduction of innovative products into business structures and increase their competitiveness. The results of the study can be used to predict structural changes in the field of higher education services. It is concluded that the priority in the development of the higher education services sector is the formation of a scientific base based on the creation of small innovative enterprises, which will increase the attractiveness of universities and create conditions for the introduction of innovations, as well as increase the investment opportunities of regions and the level of digital transformation of society.

Formation of regional conditions for innovative development of Russian small businesses

The sustainable development of the economy depends largely on the pace of innovation introduction, which is associated with the patent activity. The dependence of the economy of a country (region) on innovation and patent activity is well shown by specialists. The organization of patenting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is insufficiently researched. The article presents the positive dynamics of the main economic indicators of China and the factors, ensuring their implementation. To identify the available reserves in this sector of the economy of our country, the interaction of small innovative enterprises (SIE) and patent organizations of the Russian Federation has been considered. In order to determine the significant characteristics and criteria, by which the SIE chooses a patent office, a questionnaire was conducted, the results of which allow to draw a conclusion regarding the ways to intensify patent activity. The proposed version of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of patents at the initial stage of their formation will create a basis for the interaction of the state with the SIE and the SIE with patent offices at the regional level. Further research will be dedicated to specifying the elements of assessing the quality of patents, developing a methodology for assessing the quality of work of patent offices, formalizing the assessment procedure, and testing the developed methodology.

Методика выявления малых инновационных предприятий

A method for identifying small innovative enterprises (SIE) that are understood as holders of a valid patent for an invention or a license to use it is proposed. The source of information for identi cation is the patent funds and the search engine of the Federal Institute of industrial property (FIPS). The methodology includes techniques for identifying SIE if patents related to their activities were issued to individuals. The results of SIE detection in three areas of technology obtained during the development of the technique are presented. It is noted that other statistical results obtained along the way are of the same, if not greater, interest for the purposes of public administration.

Business knowledge absorptive capacity in micro and small innovative enterprises

Purpose – The aim of the presented article is to assess the impact of the capacity to absorb business advice on the improvement of business knowledge, and indirectly, on raising the level of strategic and operational management in micro and small innovative enterprises using business advice services. Research method – A review of the literature on examining the specificity of knowledge and management development in enterprises, the role of business advice and the capacity to absorb knowledge in this process. The second part of the article presents the results of the empirical research carried out using the CATI technique on a sample of 400 micro and small innovative Polish enterprises using business advice services. Results – The use of business advice services and the level of knowledge absorptive capacity increase the level of business knowledge of managers. The capacity to absorb knowledge positively moderates the impact of business advice on the level of business knowledge of managers, and, consequently, on the level of strategic and operational management. Originality /value – The research confirms the influence of the capacity to absorb knowledge on the level of knowledge of managers. Improving the level of knowledge and business management requires the use of business advice as well as the capacity to absorb knowledge.

Business model innovation in small enterprises from developing countries during COVID-19 outbreak: exploring drivers and BMI outcomes

This paper aims to provide understanding of driving forces for business model innovation (BMI) during the pandemic for small businesses in developing countries, comparing them with identified BMI d...

Business model innovation in small enterprises from developing countries during COVID-19 outbreak: exploring drivers and BMI outcomes

Business model innovation in small enterprises from developing countries during COVID-19 outbreak: exploring drivers and BMI outcomes