Slight Excess Research Articles

Dampak Perubahan Index Inflasi pada Perhitungan Premi Excess-of-Loss Menggunakan Metode Burning Cost

Based on OJK data on insurance statistical documents in 2020 and 2021, the adequacy of reinsurance company premiums continued to decline throughout the year until the year 2020 a slight excess of 164.60% and 183,31% at the end of 2021. Analysis of proper premium calculation needs to be done as an effort to prevent the default from insurance companies, one of which is fire insurance with Burning Cost. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the inflation index that can make changes to the calculation of premiums using Burning Cost. This study uses secondary data on the value of fire insurance claims at reinsurance companies by observing historical reports of claim data from the previous year. The use of the inflation index in calculating the Excess-of-Loss premium using the Burning Cost method has a different value if it is not assumed. The more inflation index used, the higher the premium that will be charged to the ceding company.

Slight excess at 130 GeV in search for a charged Higgs boson decaying to a charm quark and a bottom quark at the Large Hadron Collider

Searches for a charged Higgs boson (H ±) decaying to a charm quark and a bottom quark (H ± → cb) have been carried out at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the decay of top quarks (t → H ± b). In a recent search by the ATLAS collaboration (with all run II data, 139 fb−1) a local excess of around 3σ has been observed, which is best fitted by a charged Higgs boson with a mass of around 130 GeV and a product of branching ratios (BRs) given by BR(t → H ± b) × BR(H ± → cb) = 0.16% ± 0.06%. In the context of two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM) with independent Yukawa couplings for H ± we present the parameter space for which this excess (assuming it to be genuine) can be accommodated, taking into account the limits from LHC searches for H ± → cs and H ± → τν at = 130 GeV and the constraint from b → sγ. It is then shown that such an excess cannot be explained in 2HDMs with natural flavour conservation, but can be accommodated in the flipped three-Higgs-doublet model (3HDM) and in the aligned 2HDM (A2HDM). Upcoming searches with 139 fb−1 in the channels H ± → cb (CMS), H ± → cs (ATLAS/CMS) and H ± → τν (ATLAS/CMS) will determine if the excess is the first sign of an H ± with GeV.

Styryl Hemicyanine Dye (E)-3-Methyl-2-(4-thiomorpholinostyryl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium Iodide for Nucleic Acids and Cell Nucleoli Visualization

(E)-3-Methyl-2-(4-thiomorpholinostyryl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide 1 was prepared by a convenient and reliable reaction procedure. The slight molar excess of the starting benzaldehyde and the mixture of ethanol: ethyl acetate in the ratio 3:1 as a solvent afforded a pure reaction product. The photophysical properties of the dye in a TE buffer in the absence and presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) were elucidated. The low intrinsic fluorescence of 1 in TE buffer is followed by an increase in the fluorescence after dsDNA binding. The dye is nontoxic for stem cells from apical papilla and the most concentrated fluorescence is detected in the cell nucleoli.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole

The 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives containing the sulfonyl group have proved their biological importance in medicinal chemistry and drug design. In this sense, we describe the regioselective synthesis of 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole 3 in good yield through a classical sulfonamidation reaction of 1H-1,2,3-triazole 1 with benzenesulfonyl chloride 2 in dichloromethane using a slight excess of triethylamine at 20 °C for 3 h. This procedure is distinguished by its short reaction time, high yield, excellent regioselectivity, clean reaction profile, and operational simplicity. The sulfonamide 3 was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, FT–IR, UV–Vis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The sulfonamide 3 exhibited moderate activity against UO-31 renal, SNB-75 central nervous system, HCT-116 colon, and BT-549 breast cancer cell lines, with growth inhibition percentages (GI%) ranging from 10.83% to 17.64%.

Oil sludge neutralization methods. Neutralization of oil sludge by incineration

Oil sludge is a solid or pasty oil-containing waste, which is a heterophase system of organic, water and mineral parts in the form of sand, dust, silt, metal compounds, the ratio of which varies over a very wide range. Oil sludge is formed during the construction of oil and gas wells, during the direct extraction of a useful component, during oil refining, and during the purification of oil-polluted waters and reservoirs. This is a waste that is generated in large enough quantities, for the placement of which areas are alienated for the organization of oil sludge pits, which leads to significant costs for organizations to pay for waste storage. Also, during such storage, damage is also caused to the environment due to the evaporation of oil products from the areas, pollution of soil and water in case of loss of integrity by the insulating material. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of oil sludge neutralization by burning at a temperature of 900°C and to assess the safety of using the resulting ash as a secondary resource for technical needs in oil fields. The following indicators of oil sludge were determined by the author: the amount of oil and oil products — by the gravimetric method, humidity — by the thermogravimetric method, and the content of gross (As, Sb, Sn) and mobile (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb) forms of heavy metals — by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. Based on the nature of the thermogravimetric curve, one can judge the absence of oil and oil products in the ash. When analyzing the content of heavy metals in the ash, a slight excess of the MPC for arsenic (2.77 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg) and more than 2.5 times for nickel (10.5 mg/kg versus 4 mg/kg), therefore, before using the ash for industrial needs, involving contact with the ground, the ash must be mixed, for example, with sand, in a ratio of 1:2.6, respectively.

Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Ag2Se by non-stoichiometric defects

Ag2Se is an attractive candidate for room temperature thermoelectric applications because of its extremely low thermal conductivity, large power factor, and excellent mechanical properties. However, its performance is difficult to be improved effectively by doping other atoms. The traditional synthesis processes have the disadvantages of low yield, complex steps, and long period. In this study, the Ag2Se1+x samples were rapidly synthesized by the melting method via changing the ratio of Ag and Se. The carrier concentration and mobility of Ag2Se are optimized by adding excess Se, which could regulate non-stoichiometric defects in the process of synthesis. A high Seebeck coefficient of ∼136.0 μV K−1, a large power factor of ∼3000.0 μW m−1 K−2, and the maximum figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.02 of the Ag2Se1.015 sample have been achieved at 375 K. The ZT value is 2.3 times than that of the pristine sample (Ag2Se). The mechanical properties of the molting sample are comparable to state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. Finally, the highest ZT value of the material is predicted by factor B. This work provides an idea for further optimizing Ag2Se-based and other non-stoichiometric thermoelectric semiconductors by a slight excess of Se. Moreover, the fast synthesis technology can significantly save time and energy, which manifests great advantages to the wholesale manufacturing industry.

Detection of captan residues in apple juice using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with a genetic algorithm and support vector machines

The captan residues in apple juice were detected by fluorescence spectrometry, and the content level of captan was predicted based on a genetic algorithm and support vector machines (GA-SVMs). According to the captan concentration in apple juice, the experimental samples were divided into four levels, including no excess, slight excess, moderate excess, and severe excess. A GA was used to select the characteristic wavelength and optimize SVM parameters, and SVM was applied to train the classification model. 50 characteristic wavelength points were selected from the original fluorescence spectra, which contained 401 wavelength points, and the classification accuracy of the training set and test set is 99.02% and 100%, respectively, which is higher than the traditional PLS method. The results show that a GA can effectively select the feature wavelengths, and an SVM model can accurately predict the content level of captan residues. A fast and non-destructive analysis method, combined with a GA and SVM based on fluorescence spectroscopy, was realized.

Cobalt/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis for reductive etherification of ketones and aldehydes with alcohols

Ether synthesis is a ubiquitous transformation in both research and industrial settings. In this respect, reductive etherification of carbonyl compounds with alcohols using H 2 as the reductant represents an ideal approach due to the ready availability of reactants, high atom economy, and potential for product diversity. Nevertheless, in contrast to the well-established reductive amination, the development of reductive etherification has fallen far behind, limited by more side reaction pathways. Herein we report a novel cooperative cobalt/Lewis acid (LA)-catalyzed reductive etherification of ketones and aldehydes with alcohols using H 2 as the reductant. The LA co-catalyst is crucial for the effective control of chemoselectivity by facilitating the formation and hydrogenolysis of (hemi)ketal intermediates. In addition, the direct hydrogenation products of ketone can be further converted to ether products via LA-catalyzed etherification with alcohol substrates. The utility and scope were demonstrated by an efficient synthesis of multifarious ether molecules, including pharmaceuticals and nature product derivatives. • Cobalt/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis for reductive etherification • A slight excess of alcohols • Excellent functional group tolerance and high selectivity • Detailed mechanistic investigations Ether synthesis is a ubiquitous transformation in both research and industrial settings. The Williamson ether synthesis is a long-established method for the synthesis of primary alkyl ethers via SN2 substitution. However, in contexts involving secondary or tertiary alkyl halides, the reaction often derails, leading to elimination byproducts or to no reaction at all. In this respect, reductive etherification of carbonyl compounds with alcohols using H 2 as the reductant represents an alternative ideal approach. Nevertheless, in contrast to the well-established reductive amination, the development of reductive etherification has fallen far behind, being restricted by more side reaction due to a slower formation of oxocarbenium intermediates. In this work, we disclosed a novel cooperative cobalt/Lewis acid (LA)-catalytic system, which enabled effective reductive etherification of ketones and aldehydes with alcohols using H 2 as the reductant. A cobalt/Lewis acid cooperative catalytic process for reductive etherification of ketones and aldehydes with alcohols was developed. The notable feature of this methodology is the ability to effectively control reaction selectivity, enabling different reaction pathways to form the same ether product rather than accessing to various possible side products.

Suzuki–Miyaura arylation of 2,3‐, 2,4‐, 2,5‐, and 3,4‐dibromothiophenes

A convenient and general method for Suzuki–Miyaura double cross‐coupling of various dibromothiophenes was developed. Using a simple and cheap catalytic system Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 in 95% EtOH, various (hetero)arylboronic acids react with dibromothiophenes providing diarylthiophenes, useful in the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), in moderate to excellent yields. The overall efficiency of the catalytic process and slight excess of boronic acids allowed to suppress formation of side products and significantly simplify the purification of products.

Impact of defect migration on electrical and dielectric properties in molten salt synthesized CaCu3Ti4O12 and customizing the properties by compositional engineering with Mg doping

For the CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) synthesized using the molten salt method, sintered at 973–1273 K, the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic point defects on conductivity and dielectric behavior in the temperature range 300–450 K and frequency range 20 Hz–1 MHz was studied. The crystal structure, microstructures, and ionic distribution were studied by XRD, SEM, and EDS. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS, revealed qualitatively that CCTO has a minor deficiency of O and Ca and a slight excess of Ti and Cu. To maintain electrical neutrality, this results in the formation of V●●O, e/, h●, Ti3+, and Cu1+, etc., as complimentary point defects leading to an increased loss. Dielectric loss (tan δ ∼ 6–7 at ∼300 K/20 Hz) in a low-temperature regime was observed due to extrinsic defects migration with activation energy. EaσdcMott's ∼0.028 eV through Mott's variable range hopping. For temperatures ≥350 K, long-range conduction occurs due to an avalanche of intrinsic defects accumulated at sample electrode interface having activation energy, EaArrhenius's ∼0.177 eV, culminating in loss, tanδ ∼40 at ∼450 K/20 Hz). To minimize excessive loss, compositional engineering was done in CCTO by substituting Mg at the Ti site. Judicious choice of Mg doping, having high Schottky defect formation energy (ΔHf ≈ 7.7 eV) at Ti site (CCTMgO) resulted in almost temperature-independent dielectric constant, εr ≈ 103 and a significant reduction in the loss at ∼ 300–370 K in the frequency range 20 Hz - 1 kHz. Phase formation, structural refinements, etc., were further investigated in CCTMgO using the Rietveld refinement technique.

Genetic specificity of the white-headed ukrainian breed according to the BоLA-DRB3 gene

The study of the genetic specificity of local breeds is a promising direction in the context of preserving the biodiversity of cattle breeds in the world. The purpose of research was to analyze the allelic polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of the White-Headed Ukrainian breed. The study was carried out with blood samples from 49 animals (11 bulls and 38 cows) of this breed. The allelic spectrum of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was detected based on two-step PCR (primers HLO-30, HLO-31 and HLO-32). Restriction was performed with endonucleases RsaI, HaeIII, BstYI. Restriction fragments were separated by electrophoresis in 9-12 % polyacrylamide gel. According to the test results, 29 alleles were detected. Seven alleles (*03, *11, *13, *15, *22, *23 and *24) were determined with a frequency of over 5 %, that was 65.3 % of the allele pool of the breed. The most common was allele *24 with a frequency of 15.3%. In the experimental sample, 37 genotypes were identified. The predominant variant was *11/*24 (16.2%). A slight excess of heterozygotes was detected (Fis = – 0.035). White-Headed Ukrainian breed is characterized by a significant level of differentiation (or specificity) according to the BoLA-DRB3 gene (Wright fixation index He = 0.959, Shannon-Wiener index H` = 2.93), that confirms the thesis of the important role of local breeds in preserving the biodiversity of genetic resources of cattle.

ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПИТНИХ ВОД З РІЗНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ

Purpose. Monitor different sources of water supply in a particular region of Ukraine. Methodogy. To monitor the drinking water of the selected settlement of Cherkasy region, water from the water supply network (10 samples), water from the pump room (1 sample) and water from wells (26 samples) were selected and analyzed for 20 main chemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10 and DSTU 7525: 2014. Findings. It was found that tap water has a slight excess of iron and turbidity in 5 samples. The water does not contain aluminum, ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, residual amounts of free and bound chlorine and chlorination by-products. The sample of water from the pump room has a slight excess of silicon and salts of general hardness – calcium and magnesium ions. Water from the pump room in chemical composition (pH, dry matter, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, sodium) and the content of microcomponents is very similar to tap water, it has a slightly higher "color" and "turbidity", but the content of petroleum products and iron does not exceed drinking standards. water – 0.1 mg / dm3 and 0.2 mg / dm3, respectively. In this case, well water is the most unsuitable for drinking purposes. It was found that the largest excess of normalized values in these waters was observed when determining the dry residue (up to 4 standards), hardness (up to 5 standards), nitrate concentration (up to 9 standards).Originality. Monitoring of drinking water in the selected settlement of Cherkasy region and the analysis of the suitability of tap water, pump room water and well water for drinking needs.Practical value. The peculiarities of the chemical composition of drinking water supply facilities of this settlement have been established, in particular, much attention is paid to the determination of microelements and persistent organic toxicants at the level of their maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the obtained results testifies that the quality of tap water and pump room meets the current hygienic standards in terms of organoleptic parameters, general mineralization, hardness, alkalinity, content of organic components, and water in almost all wells does not meet.

Фазовые равновесия, рост и свойства кристаллов в системе CsCl – CoCl2 – H2O

The study of phase formation in the system CsCl – CoCl2 – H2O at 25 °C was carried out for the first time. The concentration ranges of crystallization and the nature of solubility were determined for five compounds: CsCl, Cs3CoCl5, Cs2CoCl4, CsCoCl3·2H2O, and CoCl2·6H2O. It has been established that the Cs3CoCl5 crystal is incongruently soluble (in a slight excess of CsCl), the Cs2CoCl4 crystal is congruently soluble, and the CsCoCl3·2H2O crystal is incongruently soluble (in a significant excess of CoCl2·6H2O). Single crystals of double cesium-cobalt chlorides were obtained for the first time by the method of isothermal evaporation. The size and quality of the obtained crystals made it possible to indicate the external faceting of the crystals. It has been established that the method of obtaining crystals based on a controlled decrease in the temperature of a saturated solution is not suitable for double cesium-cobalt chlorides due to their weak temperature dependence of solubility. The optical spectra of double cesium-cobalt chloride crystals were studied in the range of 200 – 800 nm. It has been established that the transmission spectra of the Cs3CoCl5 and Cs2CoCl4 crystals are largely close to each other, while the transmission spectrum of the CsCoCl3·2H2O crystal differs from them. Such spectral characteristics are primarily due to the structure of the nearest coordination environment of cobalt atoms in the structures of the studied crystals. In Cs3CoCl5 and Cs2CoCl4 crystals, cobalt atoms are in a tetrahedral chlorine environment ([CoCl4]), while in a CsCoCl3·2H2O crystal they are in an octahedral water–chlorine environment ([CoCl4(H2O)2]).

Reduction of metal nanoparticle decorated flexible graphene oxide by laser at various temperatures and under selected atmospheres

In situ Raman spectroscopy of flexible films of bare graphene oxide (GO) and GO decorated with Pt and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were examined upon exposure to synthetic air and 1% hydrogen in synthetic air. Initially, GO possesses an sp2 rich-structure at room temperature; however, it suffers from a drastic sp2 loss at higher temperatures under argon laser exposure leading to structural damage above 65 °C. Conversely, metal nano particle (MNP) decorated GO undergoes a drastic reduction of sp2 content mainly due to an increased defect density. In MNP composites, the formation rate of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) elevates at higher temperatures leading to an improvement in the sp2 fraction to some extent under argon laser exposure. In fact, the optical properties of MNP decorated GO drastically change against those of bare GO. Despite Pt NPs demonstrating a large catalytic effect with temperature, Au NPs do not. Similarly, the catalytic effect of Pt-GO gives rise to a slight excess in rGO formation in favor of the sp2 domain recovery. Here, there is a dominant temperature effect and a minor catalytic effect during laser exposure to GO.

Extreme Variability Quasars in Their Various States. I. The Sample Selection and Composite SDSS Spectra

Abstract Extremely variable quasars (EVQs) are a population of sources showing large optical photometric variability revealed by time-domain surveys. The physical origin of such extreme variability is yet unclear. In this first paper of a series, we construct the largest-ever sample of 14,012 EVQs using more than 15 yr of photometric data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Pan-STARRS1. We divide the EVQs into five subsamples according to the relative brightness of each EVQ during SDSS spectroscopic observation compared with the mean brightness from photometric observations. Corresponding control samples of normal quasars are built with matched redshift, bolometric luminosity, and supermassive black hole mass. We obtain the composite SDSS spectra of EVQs in various states and their corresponding control samples. We find EVQs exhibit clearly bluer SDSS spectra during bright states and clearly redder spectra during dim states, consistent with the “bluer-when-brighter” trend widely seen in normal quasars. We further find that the line equivalent widths (EWs) of broad Mg II, C IV and [O III] (but not broad Hβ, which is yet puzzling) gradually decreases from the dim state to the bright state, similar to the so-called intrinsic Baldwin effect commonly seen in normal active galactic nuclei. In addition, EVQs have consistently larger line EWs compared with the control samples. We also see that EVQs show slight excess in the very broad line component compared with control samples. Possible explanations for the discoveries are discussed. Our findings support the hypothesis that EVQs are in the tail of a broad distribution of quasar properties but are not a distinct population.

Characteristic Of Adaptive Capacity Of Families Of Thin Fiber Cotton In The Conditions Of Tashkent And Surkhandarya Regions

It was established, that the studied lines and families have a high adaptive ability. Significant differences in most of the studied traits between the lines were not noted, but there was a slight excess in the number of boxes in L-51 and the height of the main stem in line L-52. At present, the issues of identifying and creating adaptive forms characterized by the stability of the main economically valuable traits have acquired particular importance. One of the important indicators characterizing the resistance of plants to the influence of unfavorable environmental factors is homeostasis, which is a universal property in the system of the relationship between the genotype and the external environment. Homeostasis is nothing more than the ability of the genotype to minimize the effects of exposure to adverse external conditions. Selection and seed production of agricultural plants are an integral part of adaptive crop production, and they play a leading role in the biologization and greening of intensification processes.

X-ray activated ultra-violet afterglow in LiLuF4: Ce microcrystals

Ultra-violet luminescence has been broadly employed in many fields, such as photocatalysis, anti-counterfeiting identification and photodynamic therapy. In this work, the X-ray activated UV afterglow is realized in LiLuF4: Ce microcrystals prepared by a simple solvothermal method. Our results reveal the slight excess of LiF content in the precursors solution is important to achieve pure LiLuF4: Ce microcrystals. The strong scintillation emissions peaking at 308 nm and 325 nm originates from Ce3+ ions is achieved. Moreover, evident UV afterglow is present after the cessation of X-rays. Our results reveal the LiLuF4 matrix is much more suitable for UV scintillation and afterglow from Ce3+ activators than that of NaLuF4 and NaGdF4 hosts.

Detailed investigation of two high‐speed evolved Galactic stars

AbstractThe study of metal poor stars provides clarification and knowledge about the primordial Universe. Specially, halo stars provide explanations of the nature of the first generations of stars and the nucleosynthesis in the metal‐poor regime. We present a detailed chemical analysis and determination of the kinematic and orbital properties of two stars characterized by high speed with respect to the Sun. We analyzed two high‐resolution Subaru spectra employing the MyGIsFOS code, which allows to derive the detailed chemical abundances for 28 elements (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu), and abundance from two ionization states in the case of four elements (Ti, Cr, Fe, and Zr). TYC 622–742–1 and TYC 1193–1918–1 are metal‐poor stars ([Fe/H] of −2.37 and −1.60), they are similar in the chemical pattern with respect to Fe, they are enhanced and show a slight excess in Eu abundance. Both giant stars are poor in C and rich in N, as expected for evolved stars, and this fact is supported by the low isotopic ratio in TYC 1193–1918–1. Nevertheless, the C abundance of TYC 622–742–1 is particularly low. TYC 622–742–1 and TYC 1193–1918–1 have a similar chemical composition to the other Galactic halo stars of comparable metallicity. According to their kinematics, both stars belong to the Galactic halo, but they are not a part of the Gaia‐Sausage‐Enceladus structure.

Composition and Antithermal Quenching of Noninteger Stoichiometric Eu2+-Doped Na-β-Alumina with Cyan Emission for Near-UV WLEDs.

Phosphors with high quantum efficiency and thermal stability play a key role in improving the performance of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs). A near-UV-pumped LED shows a great advantage due to its reduction of the negative effect of blue light on human health. In this work, we propose a series of near-UV excitable cyan-emitting Eu2+-activated phosphors with a nominal composition of Na2-2xAl11O17+a:xEu2+ (x = 0.01-0.40), which crystallize in a sodium β-alumina phase with a composition close to Na1.22Al11O17.11. An excess amount of the sodium carbonate raw material makes up the volatile Na during the high-temperature process. The noninteger stoichiometric composition promotes the rigidity of the crystal structure with a slight excess of Na insertion into layers between spinel blocks of the NaAl11O17 matrix. The nonequivalent substitution of Na+ by Eu2+ generates intrinsic defects acting as carrier traps. As a result, the phosphor with an optimal nominal composition Na1.6Al11O17+a:0.20Eu2+, under the excitation at 365 nm, shows an asymmetric cyan emission band at 468 nm with internal and external quantum efficiencies of 81.3 and 56.9%, respectively. Remarkably, the phosphor exhibits antithermal quenching within 200 °C. A pc-WLED with a high color rendering index (87.2) suggests great potential of the phosphor in pc-WLEDs. Therefore, a combination of a rigid structure and deep trap level is an effective way in exploring new phosphors with high quantum efficiency and thermal stability.

Microelements and heavy metals in the soils of the Arboretum of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens

During the long-term economic exploitation of the lands of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, the soil cover of the Arboretum underwent a significant transformation due to the regular introduction of various kinds of ameliorants, fertile soil from other regions of the Crimea, organic and mineral fertilizers, and treatment of plants with pesticides, which could contribute to the accumulation of various pollutants in soils, including heavy metals. In this regard, the content of acid-soluble forms of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd, extracted with a 1M solution of HNO 3 and mobile forms of these elements, passing into an ammonium-acetate extract with pH = 4.8was measured. According to the data obtained, the long-term use of copper-containing pesticides led to the accumulation of mobile copper in the upper soil layer under the roses, the average content of which in the soils of the rose gardens was 5.2 ± 3.1, which is higher than the MAC of 3 mg/kg. Under other flower crops and under tree plantations, the average content of mobile copper was an order of magnitude less - 0.44 ± 0.25 mg / kg, and acid-soluble - 5 times less. Under all flower crops, zinc accumulated, the average content of mobile and acid-soluble fractions of which was almost twice as high as under tree species, but significantly lower than the MAC. A slight excess of the MAC for lead was revealed only in one area under woody plants. Among other elements, no significant differences in their content under floral and woody plants were revealed, and their maximum concentrations were significantly lower than the MAC, which allows us to consider Cu (except for rose gardens), Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co not as heavy metals, but as trace elements necessary for the normal functioning of living organisms.