Sleep-related Issues Research Articles

Exploring the Relationship Between Anxiety Levels and Sleep Quality During the Covid-19 Pandemic; A cross-sectional Survey

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unprecedented stress on global health, with significant implications for mental health and sleep quality. Prior research has established a link between anxiety levels and sleep disturbances, yet the pandemic's full impact on these aspects remains underexplored, particularly among university students. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing insights into the prevalence of sleep-related issues and anxiety and their interconnection. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the South City Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, involving 281 participants aged between 17 and 25 years. Data collection was facilitated through self-administered, online questionnaires, employing the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Insomnia Severity Index to measure anxiety levels and sleep quality, respectively. The study utilized a convenience sampling technique, with SPSS version 25.0 employed for data analysis, including Pearson correlation tests to examine the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety levels. Results: The study revealed that 82.9% of participants were female, with a significant portion of the population aged between 24 and 26 years. Regarding COVID-19 impact, 23.49% reported being affected by the virus. A majority (44%) reported obtaining 8-10 hours of sleep, while 55.2% exhibited moderate anxiety levels. A notable negative correlation (r = -0.510, p < 0.01) between anxiety levels and sleep quality was identified, indicating that higher anxiety was associated with poorer sleep quality. Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant negative correlation between anxiety levels and sleep quality among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the necessity for mental health and sleep hygiene interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of pandemics on student populations.

The Complex Interaction Between Sleep-Related Information, Misinformation, and Sleep Health: Call for Comprehensive Research on Sleep Infodemiology and Infoveillance.

The complex interplay between sleep-related information-both accurate and misleading-and its impact on clinical public health is an emerging area of concern. Lack of awareness of the importance of sleep, and inadequate information related to sleep, combined with misinformation about sleep, disseminated through social media, nonexpert advice, commercial interests, and other sources, can distort individuals' understanding of healthy sleep practices. Such misinformation can lead to the adoption of unhealthy sleep behaviors, reducing sleep quality and exacerbating sleep disorders. Simultaneously, poor sleep itself impairs critical cognitive functions, such as memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and decision-making. These impairments can heighten individuals' vulnerability to misinformation, creating a vicious cycle that further entrenches poor sleep habits and unhealthy behaviors. Sleep deprivation is known to reduce the ability to critically evaluate information, increase suggestibility, and enhance emotional reactivity, making individuals more prone to accepting persuasive but inaccurate information. This cycle of misinformation and poor sleep creates a clinical public health issue that goes beyond individual well-being, influencing occupational performance, societal productivity, and even broader clinical public health decision-making. The effects are felt across various sectors, from health care systems burdened by sleep-related issues to workplaces impacted by decreased productivity due to sleep deficiencies. The need for comprehensive clinical public health initiatives to combat this cycle is critical. These efforts must promote sleep literacy, increase awareness of sleep's role in cognitive resilience, and correct widespread sleep myths. Digital tools and technologies, such as sleep-tracking devices and artificial intelligence-powered apps, can play a role in educating the public and enhancing the accessibility of accurate, evidence-based sleep information. However, these tools must be carefully designed to avoid the spread of misinformation through algorithmic biases. Furthermore, research into the cognitive impacts of sleep deprivation should be leveraged to develop strategies that enhance societal resilience against misinformation. Sleep infodemiology and infoveillance, which involve tracking and analyzing the distribution of sleep-related information across digital platforms, offer valuable methodologies for identifying and addressing the spread of misinformation in real time. Addressing this issue requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration between sleep scientists, health care providers, educators, policy makers, and digital platform regulators. By promoting healthy sleep practices and debunking myths, it is possible to disrupt the feedback loop between poor sleep and misinformation, leading to improved individual health, better decision-making, and stronger societal outcomes.

An Autonomous Sleep-Stage Detection Technique in Disruptive Technology Environment.

Autonomous sleep tracking at home has become inevitable in today's fast-paced world. A crucial aspect of addressing sleep-related issues involves accurately classifying sleep stages. This paper introduces a novel approach PSO-XGBoost, combining particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to enhance the XGBoost model's performance. Our model achieves improved overall accuracy and faster convergence by leveraging PSO to fine-tune hyperparameters. Our proposed model utilises features extracted from EEG signals, spanning time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. We employed the Pz-oz signal dataset from the sleep-EDF expanded repository for experimentation. Our model achieves impressive metrics through stratified-K-fold validation on ten selected subjects: 95.4% accuracy, 95.4% F1-score, 95.4% precision, and 94.3% recall. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, showcasing an average accuracy of 95%, outperforming traditional machine learning classifications. The findings revealed that the feature-shifting approach supplements the classification outcome by 3 to 4 per cent. Moreover, our findings suggest that prefrontal EEG derivations are ideal options and could open up exciting possibilities for using wearable EEG devices in sleep monitoring. The ease of obtaining EEG signals with dry electrodes on the forehead enhances the feasibility of this application. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates computational efficiency and holds significant value for real-time sleep classification applications.

Exploring Health Trends and Prevalent Ailments across Grade Levels: An In-Depth Analysis of Reported Complaints among Students

This qualitative study reconnoiters student health complaints at Saint Michael’s College Senior High School, employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates existing data from school nurses’ logbook records with new data obtained through surveys and interviews. Thematic analysis is utilized to identify common words and patterns within the qualitative data. The data collection process involves a letter of request distributed to students, assuring confidentiality, and the random selection of 30 participants for surveys and interviews. The results reveal prevalent health themes, including stress, sleep-related issues, mental health concerns, and technology-related complaints. Students’ personal experiences underscore the complexity of health challenges, including musculoskeletal complaints, allergies, and mental health issues. The diverse impacts on academic courses emphasize the importance of proactive support systems addressing the specific needs of students. Recognizing the transition from external to internal health issues necessitates a holistic strategy that prioritizes both mental and physical well-being. The study underscores the importance of adapting health programs to evolving classroom demands, addressing not only physical ailments but also prioritizing mental health aspects for comprehensive student well-being. This examination will underwrite valuable information for educators, health professionals, and policymakers to address the specific health needs of students and implement targeted interpolations for improved health outcomes within educational environments.

Sleep Disorders' Prevalence and Impact on Academic Performance among Undergraduate Nursing Students in a Selected University, United Arab Emirates.

Throughout their academic pursuits, students may encounter various sleep-related issues, including insomnia, sleep apnea, hypersomnia, or sleep terror disorder. These disorders can profoundly impact their well-being, emotional state, and academic achievements. This study, of significant relevance to the field of nursing and sleep disorders, aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance among undergraduate nursing students in the United Arab Emirates. A cross-sectional research method was implemented among 177 undergraduate nursing students. Two tools were used: Too I consisted of two parts: sociodemographic and academic performance classifications, whereas Tool II comprised the SLEEP-50 questionnaire. Our findings revealed that 30.6% of nursing students had one or more sleep disorders. Insomnia was the most prevalent among the nursing students (37.5%), followed by circadian rhythm (33.3%), narcolepsy (26.6%), sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome (25%), nightmares (22.2%), and sleepwalking (11.11%). There was a significant relation between restless leg syndrome and academic performance, while in linear regression analysis, it was found that the variable that most affects sleep is gender. The implications of this study's findings are clear-nursing schools must intensify their efforts to raise awareness about the detrimental effects of sleep problems on academic performance. Furthermore, subsequent research is crucial to evaluate the execution of interventions aimed at preventing such disorders.

Trauma exposure and associated sleep problems in Black adolescent and young adult students attending an alternative high school.

Given the dearth of literature examining the link between trauma exposure and sleep among youth and young adults of color, the current study examined the association between individual types of trauma exposure, accumulation within subtypes of trauma exposure, and overall cumulative trauma exposure with sleep problems in a sample of Black students attending an alternative high school. Participants were recruited from an alternative high school in a large, southeastern city in the United States, of which all students qualify for free/reduced lunch. The sample included 101 students (53% female) ages 16-24 (M = 17.86 years, SD = 1.36) who identified as Black. Participants reported a high rate of trauma exposure (M = 6.03 unique traumatic experiences, SD = 2.63). Linear regression models showed that exposure to more overall cumulative trauma and to interpersonal loss was significantly associated with higher levels of insomnia symptoms. Threats to health were significantly related to daytime sleepiness. Other threats to safety were associated with restless legs syndrome symptoms. Adolescence and young adulthood are a time of complex sleep-related issues. Black youth and young adults have elevated risk of trauma exposure and sleep problems; therefore, targeted assessment and intervention are warranted. Clinicians and researchers addressing sleep in youth and young adults, and those working within alternative school settings, should also consider a trauma-informed lens to optimize outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Herbal Preparation for Sleep Disorder Efficacy and Safety

Abstract: Sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome, present significant challenges to public health and quality of life. Traditional pharmaceutical treatments, while effective for some, may carry potential side effects and limitations. As such, interest has grown in herbal preparations as potential alternatives for managing sleep disorders. This research project aims to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of commonly used herbal remedies in addressing sleeprelated issues.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance and its associated factors among diabetes type-2 patients in Saudi Arabia.

This study investigated the prevalence of sleep disturbances among people living with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. A four-stage sampling method was used to recruit 479 participants from various parts of the country. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic, sleep disruption, and related clinical characteristics. Data analysis included reporting sleep disturbance prevalence as frequency and percentage, chi-square tests to examine categorical variable associations, and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent factors associated with sleep disturbances. The data showed that most participants were male (59.3%), married (78.5%), and Diploma/ Bachelor's degree holders (41.5%). The study found that most respondents had subjective sleep quality issues, with 55.3% of Sleep Latency participants having trouble falling asleep, 62.4% having trouble sleeping, 65.1% experiencing serious sleep efficiency impairment, 85.2% reporting sleep difficulties, 88.5% using sleep medication without difficulty, 5.4% having moderate difficulty, and 6.1% having considerable difficulties. The Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) showed that all participants had sleep problems. Marital status, nationality, HBA1C, education, region, comorbidity, and monthly income were significantly associated with sleep disturbance characteristics. The study concluded that diabetes itself can increase the risk of sleep problems, as it is associated with various sleep-related issues such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Encouraging social support within the realm of healthcare services holds significance in reducing the occurrence of inadequate sleep. For individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, managing their blood sugar levels effectively is crucial for enhancing the quality of their sleep. Furthermore, engaging in regular physical activity is essential for preventing subpar sleep quality.

Stress and sleep deprivation-related biomarkers in saliva in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) commonly experience sleep-related issues and are susceptible to stress. Moreover, variatiaons in their vision are often linked to anxiety, stress and drowsiness, indicating that stress and sleep deprivation lead to a decline in vision, and vision improves when both are mitigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of salivary biomarkers as biochemical indicators of anxiety and sleep deprivation in RP patients. Seventy-eight RP patients and 34 healthy controls were included in this observational study. Anxiety and sleep-quality questionnaires, a complete ophthalmological exam for severity grading and, the collection of salivary samples from participants were assessed for participants. The activity of biomarkers was estimated by ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between the parameters. Associations between underlying psychological factors, grade of disease severity, and biomarkers activity were also examined. Fifty-two (67%) of patients had a severe RP, and 26 (33%) had a mild-moderate grade. Fifty-eight (58,9%) patients reported severe levels of anxiety and 18 (23.,1%) a high level. Forty-six (59%) patients obtained pathological values in sleep-quality questionaries and 43 (55.1%) in sleepiness. Patients with RP exhibited significant differences in testosterone, cortisol, sTNFαRII, sIgA and melatonin as compared to controls and patients with a mild-moderate and advanced stage of disease showed greater differences. In covariate analysis, patients with a severe anxiety level also showed greater differences in mean salivary cortisol, sTNFαRII and melatonin and male patients showed lower IgA levels than female. The present findings suggest that salivary biomarkers could be suitable non-invasive biochemical markers for the objective assessment of sleep deprivation and anxiety in RP patients. Further research is needed to characterize the effects of untreated negative psychological states and sleep deprivation on increased variability of vision and disease progression, if any.

Therapeutic Benefit of Nadayoga for The Management of Insomnia

Insomnia, a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep, affects millions worldwide, impacting overall health and quality of life. Traditional treatment options include pharmacological and behavioral therapies, but alternative approaches such as yoga have gained attention for their holistic benefits. Nadayoga, a branch of yoga focusing on sound and music, shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for insomnia. This paper explores the efficacy of Nadayoga in managing insomnia, examining its underlying mechanisms, clinical evidence, and practical applications. Method: Through an extensive review of literature and empirical studies, we uncover the profound benefit of Nadayoga on Insomnia Furthermore, we investigate the physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying these effects, shedding light on the intricate interplay between the mind and body in the context of yoga practice. Our findings emphasize the potential of yoga as a holistic approach to address a wide range of health issues, from physical ailments to mental stressors. For the making of this article, we have compiled information from various texts Pubmed, web of sciences, Google Scholar and various references. In conclusion, the synthesis of scientific evidence and traditional wisdom underscores the significance of Nadayoga as a valuable tool in addressing sleep-related issues. It extends an invitation to individuals grappling with sleep disturbances to embrace a holistic approach that harmonizes ancient practices with contemporary understanding.

Retracted: Assessment and mitigation of sleep disturbances in Egyptian acute care settings

BackgroundSleep disturbances in acute care settings pose challenges to patient recovery and well-being. Acute care facilities provide a unique context to explore these issues due to their diverse patient populations. Understanding the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbances is crucial for developing effective interventions tailored to the acute care setting. AimAssess and mitigate of sleep disturbances in Egyptian Acute Care Settings among patients. MethodsA cross-sectional design was utilized, involving 158 adult patients aged 18 and above with various medical conditions. Sleep assessments utilized the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin Questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were conducted using SPSS 26. ResultsThe study, encompassed 158 patients, revealed several key findings: heightened sleep latency (p = 0.042) and a substantial increase in the Global PSQI Score (p = 0.018), indicated compromised overall sleep quality. Daytime sleepiness escalated across activities (p < 0.01), hinted at potential sleep-related issues. Additionally, occurrences of snoring, witnessed apnoea's, and daytime sleepiness significantly rose (p < 0.05), suggested the possibility of sleep-disordered breathing. Results from the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) underscored challenges across various sleep aspects (p < 0.01), highlighted the overall severity of insomnia symptoms (p = 0.001). These findings emphasized the necessity for targeted interventions to address these sleep disturbances ConclusionThe study underscored the significant impact of sleep disturbances on patients within Egyptian Acute Care Settings. With heightened sleep latency, compromised overall sleep quality, and increased daytime sleepiness observed among the patient cohort, there is a pressing need for tailored interventions to mitigate these issues. RecommendationsDevelop interventions tailored to address sleep disturbances, enhance healthcare provider awareness, and incorporate regular sleep assessments into patient care routines. Additionally, future research should evaluate the efficacy of these interventions within acute care environments.

Factors Associated with Depression among Undergraduates: A Review of Existing Literature

Depression among undergraduate students is a considerable mental health issue. Understanding the factors associated with depression is important to prevent it effectively and to design intervention strategies to mitigate the repercussions of depression. This systematic literature review mainly aims to identify and review the existing academic body of knowledge on the factors associated with depression among undergraduate students in relation to ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. A comprehensive search of ScienceDirect and Scopus databases derived 44 relevant articles published between 2003 and 2023. The review focuses on academic stress, social isolation, financial stress, relationship issues, pre-existing mental health conditions, substance abuse, lack of sleep and fatigue, coping mechanisms, family history and genetics to be factors associated with depression among undergraduates. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of universities and counselling services to focus on and implementing stress management programs, providing social support mechanisms, establishing financial support systems during higher studies, promoting healthy relationships, addressing substance abuse and sleep-related issues, and also providing resources and required support for individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions and family history and genetics on depression to better cope up with depression. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct more longitudinal studies, examine underlying mechanisms, explore mediating and moderating factors while considering cultural and contextual factors, and conduct intervention studies that examine the impact of technology to enhance the understanding of the factors associated with depression among undergraduate students.

SleepSmart: an IoT-enabled continual learning algorithm for intelligent sleep enhancement

AbstractSleep is an essential physiological process that is crucial for human health and well-being. However, with the rise of technology and increasing work demands, people are experiencing more and more disrupted sleep patterns. Poor sleep quality and quantity can lead to a wide range of negative health outcomes, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This research paper proposes a smart sleeping enhancement system, named SleepSmart, based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and continual learning using bio-signals. The proposed system utilizes wearable biosensors to collect physiological data during sleep, which is then processed and analyzed by an IoT platform to provide personalized recommendations for sleep optimization. Continual learning techniques are employed to improve the accuracy of the system's recommendations over time. A pilot study with human subjects was conducted to evaluate the system's performance, and the results show that SleepSmart can significantly improve sleep quality and reduce sleep disturbance. The proposed system has the potential to provide a practical solution for sleep-related issues and enhance overall health and well-being. With the increasing prevalence of sleep problems, SleepSmart can be an effective tool for individuals to monitor and improve their sleep quality.

Iron Deficiency and Vitamin D Deficiency Are Associated with Sleep in Females of Reproductive Age: An Analysis of NHANES 2005–2018 Data

BackgroundIron and vitamin D deficiencies have been implicated in sleep disturbance. Although females are more susceptible to these deficiencies and frequently report sleep-related issues, few studies have examined these associations in females. ObjectiveThis study investigates the association of iron and vitamin D deficiencies on sleep in a nationally representative sample of females of reproductive age. MethodsWe used 2 samples of 20–49-y-old non-pregnant females from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008 (N = 2497) and NHANES 2005–2010 and 2015–2018 (N = 6731) to examine the associations of iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin D deficiency (VDD), vitamin D inadequacy (VDI), and the joint association of both deficiencies with sleep duration, latency, and quality. Sleep outcomes were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. We used the body iron model based on serum ferritin and serum soluble transferrin receptor to identify ID, along with hemoglobin to identify IDA cases. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were used to determine VDD and VDI cases. Logistic regression was used to evaluate these associations, adjusting for potential confounders. In addition, we assessed the multiplicative and additive interactions of both deficiencies. ResultsID and IDA were associated with poor sleep quality, with 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 2.00)] and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.38) higher odds, respectively, whereas VDD and VDI were significantly associated with short sleep duration, with 1.26 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.54) and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.44) higher odds, respectively. Subjects with both nutritional deficiencies had significantly higher odds of poorer sleep quality compared with subjects with neither condition. For sleep quality, a significant multiplicative interaction was observed between ID and VDD (P value = 0.0005). No associations were observed between study exposures and sleep latency. ConclusionsAmong females of reproductive age, iron and vitamin D deficiencies are associated with sleep health outcomes. The potential synergistic effect of both deficiencies warrants further assessment.

Associations between overactive bladder and sleep patterns: a cross-sectional study based on 2007–2014 NHANES

Abstract Objectives To determine whether relationship exists between overactive bladder (OAB) and sleep patterns through the cross-sectional study. Patients and methods Patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 were included in this study. Data were extracted through questionnaires, including demographics, dietary and health-related behaviors, body measurements and disease information. Three sleep factors were included to aggregate overall sleep scores, ranging from 0 to 3. A sleep score of 0 to 1, 2 or 3 was expressed as a bad, intermediate or healthy sleep pattern, respectively. The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) scale was applied to quantify the severity of OAB for each participant. Weighted logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between sleep and OAB. Results A total of 16,978 participants were enrolled in this study. The relationship between OAB and sleep patterns was statistically significant. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the OAB risk of patients with intermediate and poor sleep patterns obviously increased by 26% and 38%, respectively, and mild (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.03,1.42]), moderate (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.27,1.66]) and severe (OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.18,2.09]) OAB were significantly associated with sleep pattern grouping. The prevalence of OAB is significantly higher in patients with bad sleep patterns, and vice versa. Conclusion This study indicated that there is a positive relationship between OAB and worse sleep-related issues.

The Link Between Sleeping and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Adults should get at least seven hours of sleep each night to preserve their overall health and well-being. Sleep disorders and other sleep-related issues affect a sizeable portion of the population. This reduction in sleep time may be brought on by the stress of modern life. This study's main goal was to look into the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sleep. In this study, papers were thoroughly screened utilizing keywords using databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, and MEDLINE. Additionally, a few articles were taken from the Cochrane Library. This study screened papers by title and abstract before applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eleven related studies were carefully assessed, and a quality evaluation check was conducted. T2DM and sleep issues are frequent issues that frequently coexist. People with T2DM frequently experience sleep problems, which can be bad for their health, their mood, and their quality of life. On the other hand, sleep disturbances like obstructive sleep apnea increase the risk of metabolic diseases like T2DM. As part of standard clinical practice, all T2DM patients should be tested for sleep disturbances and given proper care. Evidence suggests that sleep problems may play a role in metabolic abnormalities as risk factors.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Related Mental Health Issues; Insights from a Range of Social Media Platforms Using a Mixed-Methods Approach.

The emergence of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs; semaglutide and others) now promises effective, non-invasive treatment of obesity for individuals with and without diabetes. Social media platforms' users started promoting semaglutide/Ozempic as a weight-loss treatment, and the associated increase in demand has contributed to an ongoing worldwide shortage of the drug associated with levels of non-prescribed semaglutide intake. Furthermore, recent reports emphasized some GLP-1 RA-associated risks of triggering depression and suicidal thoughts. Consistent with the above, we aimed to assess the possible impact of GLP-1 RAs on mental health as being perceived and discussed in popular open platforms with the help of a mixed-methods approach. Reddit posts yielded 12,136 comments, YouTube videos 14,515, and TikTok videos 17,059, respectively. Out of these posts/entries, most represented matches related to sleep-related issues, including insomnia (n = 620 matches); anxiety (n = 353); depression (n = 204); and mental health issues in general (n = 165). After the initiation of GLP-1 RAs, losing weight was associated with either a marked improvement or, in some cases, a deterioration, in mood; increase/decrease in anxiety/insomnia; and better control of a range of addictive behaviors. The challenges of accessing these medications were a hot topic as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting if and how GLP-1 RAs are perceived as affecting mood, mental health, and behaviors. Establishing a clear cause-and-effect link between metabolic diseases, depression and medications is difficult because of their possible reciprocal relationship, shared underlying mechanisms and individual differences. Further research is needed to better understand the safety profile of these molecules and their putative impact on behavioral and non-behavioral addictions.

The Menstrual Cycle's Influence on Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.

The menstrual cycle, a fundamental biological process in women, extends its influence beyond reproduction, impacting sleep duration and cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate connections that bind these three vital aspects of women's health. Beginning with thoroughly exploring the menstrual cycle, we uncover its phases and the dynamic hormonal fluctuations that underlie each stage. We pay special attention to estrogen and progesterone, the primary sex hormones orchestrating the menstrual cycle. With their rhythmic rise and fall, these hormones orchestrate events, affecting sleep duration, sleep patterns, and various indicators of cardiovascular well-being. The review examines how the menstrual cycle influences sleep patterns, exploring the nuanced changes in sleep duration observed throughout menstrual phases. We elucidate the contributing factors, encompassing hormonal fluctuations, the impact of pain and discomfort, and the significance of emotional and psychological factors. All of these elements collectively contribute to variations in sleep quality. Shifting our focus to the cardiovascular system, we investigate the bidirectional relationships between sleep disturbances and cardiovascular conditions, emphasizing the need to address sleep-related issues in the context of cardiovascular risk. The menstrual cycle is analyzed as a pivotal mediator in these intricate connections, exploring how hormonal fluctuations across menstrual phases can influence sleep patterns and cardiovascular health. This analysis provides valuable insights into the complex causality web. As clinical implications emerge, we emphasize the importance of tailoring healthcare strategies for individuals with irregular menstrual cycles. We explore potential interventions, from personalized care and hormone management to lifestyle adjustments, to improve sleep and cardiovascular well-being. In conclusion, this comprehensive review sheds light on the interplay between the menstrual cycle, sleep duration, and cardiovascular health. It underscores the urgent necessity for personalized healthcare approaches and preventive strategies, empowering women to navigate these intricate relationships. Ultimately, through a nuanced understanding of these interactions, we can work towards enhancing women's overall well-being and reducing cardiovascular risk within the context of menstrual cycle-related influences.

Impact of chronotype, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and electronic devices on nonrestorative sleep and daytime sleepiness among Japanese adolescents

ObjectivesNonrestorative sleep (NRS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are important indicators of daytime dysfunction. Electronic media use before bedtime greatly affects adolescent sleep quality. However, few studies have examined factors associated with these symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of chronotype, electronic device use before bedtime, and insomnia symptoms on NRS and EDS in Japanese adolescents. MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey of 2067 adolescents was conducted in 2022 to mainly assess sleep-related issues (sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia symptoms, NRS, and EDS), time spent using electronic devices, physical activity, and mental health. ResultsWe analyzed data of 1880 adolescents (age, 16.4 ± 0.8 years; males, 56.7%). NRS and EDS prevalence rates were 54.9% and 39.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, evening chronotype [odds ratio (OR): 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58–2.89], difficulty initiating sleep (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.43–2.64), <5 h sleep (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.24–2.54), 5–6 h sleep (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20–1.93), and using electronic devices just before bedtime (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08–2.04) were associated with NRS. Evening chronotype (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07–1.82), early morning awakening (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02–2.50), using electronic devices just before bedtime (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.48–2.93), and using electronic devices 30 min before bedtime (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07–2.29) were associated with EDS. ConclusionChronotype may be an important factor influencing NRS and EDS. Discontinuing electronic device use at least 30 min before bedtime could benefit affected adolescents.

Sleep and Epilepsy

Sleep and epilepsy have a complex interrelationship that is influenced by various factors, including the distinct stages of sleep. Non-rapid eye movement sleep promotes epileptic activity, while rapid eye movement sleep suppresses it. Seizures can be triggered by sleep, while sleep deprivation increases seizure susceptibility. Epilepsy disrupts sleep architecture and quality, leading to sleep disturbances and comorbidities, like sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome. Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue can result from epilepsy and the sedating effects of antiseizure medications. Sleep-related epilepsy exhibits seizures predominantly during sleep, with specific patterns related to sleep stages. Antiseizure medications can directly impact sleep quality and should be carefully considered when treating epilepsy patients with comorbid sleep disorders. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between sleep and epilepsy is crucial for effective management. Optimizing treatment strategies requires recognizing the effects of antiseizure medications on sleep, and addressing sleep-related issues in individuals with epilepsy.