Ship Size Research Articles

Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions

Great importance is had in understanding the current situation of maritime transport and making predictions about its future. Maritime transport is an essential part of transportation, and correctly predicting installed main engine power has great significance in maritime transport with regard to fuel consumption and the generation of emissions. Nonlinear regression is a method with great potential in making predictions, as it allows for more realistic models to be developed using multiple variables. Vessels' dimensions of carrying capacity, gross tonnage, length, and breadth significantly impact the required main engine power. This article will calculate and estimate the installed main engine power for bulk carriers through nonlinear regression using data for the as yet highest number of bulk carriers (n = 9,174 ships) and compare the results with the studies in the literature. The developed model has an accuracy of 93.2% for six different bulk carrier types (Small, Handysize, Handymax, Panamax, Capesize, and Large Capesize). In addition, the study calculates the emissions these ships produce (NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM), estimating and demonstrating a nonlinear linear regression model for these ships' emission amounts. The performed analyses have found the main engine power required per unit of load to decrease as ship size increases. However, these analyses also show the emissions generated per unit of load to decrease as size increases, with Large Capesize vessels being found to have the lowest fuel consumption and emission generation per unit of load.

A Sidelobe-Aware Small Ship Detection Network for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

Ship detection from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing images is essential for monitoring water traffic and marine safety. Numerous methods for ship detection have been developed; however, the detection of small ships presents unique challenges. SAR image characteristics, such as the sidelobe effect and blurred outline induced by the special imaging mechanism, as well as the small ship size, are the primary factors that lower the detection accuracy. This paper provides a sidelobe-aware small ship detection network for synthetic aperture radar imagery. First, considering the sidelobe effect and blurred outline, dual-pooling, i.e., average pooling and max pooling, was utilized to build a feature extraction module that lowered the effects of strong scattering points outside of the ship body and enhanced the ship body information. Second, as the bipartition process of the average pooling and maximum pooling caused some loss of original data information, different feature maps in the network were concatenated to construct a new network structure to compensate for the information lost and enrich the small ship features. Third, because the traditional loss function based on centroid distance and aspect ratio may result in the same loss function value for different prediction box sizes, a novel loss function based on the dual Euclidean distances of the corner point coordinates between the prediction box and the real box was proposed, which could accurately describe various overlapping box situations. Experiments using the Large-Scale SAR Ship Detection Dataset (LS-SSDD), SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD), and AIR-SARShip dataset validated the efficacy and state-of-the-art performance.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ТРЕНДОВ В СФЕРЕ КРУИЗНЫХ И ПАРОМНЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК НА ИНФРАСТРУКТУРУ МОРСКИХ ПАССАЖИРCКИХ ПОРТОВ И ТЕРМИНАЛОВ

The article considers decision-making options for modernizing the infrastructure of sea passenger ports, depending on the influence of the external environment. Particular attention is paid to the current trend to increase the size of cruise and ferry ships. The considered problematic is actual for all large and specialized sea passenger ports. The authors prove the relevance by citing sample works from 2013, which offer options to justify such decisions. The article provides current statistics on passenger turnover from 2011 to 2022, providing a detailed analysis of work intensities. The authors consider in detail the port of Dubrovnik and the Passenger Port of St. Petersburg "Sea Facade". Revealing the problem, the authors consider the model of interaction "city-sea passenger port" by G. Norcliffe, and give a separate stage in the development. For the solution of the set problem the authors give target function, allocate basic criteria and give results of modeling intensities of cruise and ferry lines work in the port. Authors substantiate necessity of choice of some optimum quantity of ship calls, thus they allocate necessity of entering parameters describing sizes of cruise vessels, or entering separate condition of allocation of specialized berths for big liners both in the model of target function, and in the simulation model. The given conditions should be included in the digital simulation model and will allow increasing the accuracy of decisions on modernization of berths of the sea passenger port.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE FREE SURFACE FLOW AROUND WING-BODY JUNCTIONS

Starting with January 2013, all ships greater than 400 tons engaged in international voyages must comply with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), and starting with January 2023 also with the Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), issued by the International Maritime Organization, (IMO). Knowing that, in general, a ship hull is the result of a compromise between the main dimensions imposed by the size of the locks, navigation route depth, port depth, taxes, transport capacity (deadweight, volume), ship equipment (machinery, deck installations, piping systems), hydrostatic performances and last but not least the hydrodynamic performances, from ship hydrodynamics point of view the available approaches are the optimization of the ship size and hull forms or the design of propellers adapted to the ship's wake. The main purpose is to reduce the ship resistance and increase the efficiency of the propulsion system which ultimately leads to a reduction in the power placed on board the ship. For this, there can be used the so-called flow control devices or Energy Saving Devices (ESD hereafter), as hydrofoils or nozzles, to improve the flow parameters entering the propeller disc in order to increase the efficiency of the propulsion system and decreasing the fuel consumption leading to reducing of the carbon and greenhouse gasses emissions. For ballast loading condition the ESD may intersect the free surface, the flow becoming complicated and combining nonlinear, three-dimensional and turbulent phenomena such as the boundary layer on solid surfaces, the horseshoe vortex system developed around junctions and their effects turbulence, and also wave breaking. Therefore, this paper presents the results of the numerical study on the viscous free surface flow around junctions between a hydrofoil mounted on a plate, more precisely the study of the influence of the angle between hydrofoil and plate. It was observed that from a hydrodynamic point of view the angle between hydrofoil and base plate to be less than 15 degrees in respect to the vertical direction on the hydrofoil so that horseshoe vortex to be reduced in intensity and the value of the hydrofoil drag to be minimal.

Türkiye'deki Denizcilik Firmaları İçin Bir Kuru Yük Kosteri Tonajı Belirleme Modeli

There should usually be a physical distance between the production, use and consumption points of the products, and one of the most important logistics activities in the supply chain is transportation. The method that enables transportation to reach the widest areas in the world is sea transportation. With maritime transport, continents and countries connect with each other and realize the supply chain. The two main criteria of maritime transport are ships and ports. It is very important to determine the ideal ship size that the ships used in maritime transportation are of different types according to the load, distance and location. There are more than one decision making model and decision criteria in determining the ideal dimensions of the ships. For this reason, shipping companies have difficulties in choosing the right ship size in their investment and operation decisions. There are two main criteria in ship types. They are ships engaged in long-distance sea transport and short-distance sea transport. Maritime companies have the chance to find all kinds of cargo with their ships regarding long-distance maritime transport. In short-distance maritime transport, the choice of ship is more limited. Coasters, which are the most used ship type in short-distance sea transportation, play an important role in the Turkish Maritime Industry. Therefore, Electre method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used in this study to reveal the ideal dead weight tonnage (DWT) of a dry cargo coaster for shipping companies in Turkey. The coasters were divided into five categories according to their tonnage capacities, and then dry cargo coaster experts were asked for their opinions on five tonnage categories. The obtained data were evaluated with the Electre method and the optimal coaster tonnage was revealed

RESEARCH OF THE SEA PASSENGER PORT INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF FORECASTING DEVELOPMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

The efficiency of operation and interaction of “sea ferry/cruise company-sea passenger port-land transport infrastructure” systems directly depends on the dynamic influence of the external environment, which today determines the transition from deterministic models of decision-making to probabilistic ones. These changes on the basis of current trends in the industry in the form of the introduction of large cruise and ferry ships create the need to form a decision- making system for the reasonable modernization of infrastructure for the heads of ports and terminals. It is necessary to systematically modernize both the berthing infrastructure and change the internal processes of passenger handling in the terminal. The problems of forecasting the development of seaports in connection with the gradual recovery of passenger traffic, caused by a long period of restrictions due to COVID-19, are considered in the paper, as the first priority is the resumption of the route networks of the sea regions, which provide local passenger mobility. Based on the investigated models of ports and terminals evolution (Anyport model, Three Generations model, Workport model) it is revealed that today it is necessary to evaluate possible predictive scenarios of port development. The necessity of having the tools allowing to operatively analyze the situation in the sphere of sea ferry transportation and to model the scenarios of port congestion has been revealed and proved. The approach to estimate the variants of berths loading at simultaneous call of several big cruise vessels on the basis of models of mass service systems for subsequent estimation of infrastructure is considered in the paper. The object of the research is the Baltic Sea region and existing routes of cruise and ferry lines. A new theoretical partitioning of the region and sea passenger ports into four sections is proposed. The systematic analysis of all existing cruise and ferry line routes in each area has been carried out; data on cruise and ferry ship size, passenger capacity, average ticket price, and distance between terminals on the route have been presented. On the basis of the formed approach a new digital dynamic route map that allows both to investigate the current state of the route network and to estimate the possible changes is built. On the basis of the received data it is proved that the best development of passenger sea ports and terminals infrastructure is observed in the segment between the countries of Russia-Estonia-Finland-Sweden. Presented sea terminals have successfully realized the possibility of simultaneous reception of two big cruise vessels and modernized infrastructure during the period of restrictions on the reason of COVID-19, which corresponds to the formation of new points of growth in the Baltic Sea region, taking into account recovery of route networks. The generated big data on route networks accurately define the current state in the sphere of sea ferry/cruise transportation and they should be used in new digital simulation transport models when modeling different variants of sea passenger port operation, both at the stage of short-term planning and when solving the group of questions of development forecasting, which is especially relevant in the situation of competition between terminals for passenger traffic.

Factors influencing decision to sulphur oxide emission abatement for cruise shipping companies

ABSTRACT Like the rest of the shipping industry, the cruise industry needs to meet the requirements of the IMO's sulphur cap 2020. Cruise lines have three options: (1) using alternative fuels; (2) switching to low-sulphur fuels; (3) installing scrubbers. This paper aims to identify the influencing factors of abatement decisions through multinomial logit regression. The results indicate cruise shipping companies have different patterns in choosing emission reduction options for existing fleets and new ships. Abatement options are found to be dependent on the cruise ship's size, age, and flag but are irrelated to its sailing area. In addition, cruise lines’ decisions are influenced by headquarters’ location, but fuel price fluctuations and the competitiveness of cruise lines have no decisive effect. This study fills a gap in the empirical analysis of actual abatement choices for cruise lines and provides practical policy implications for the green transition of the cruise industry.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Ship Activity in Dongying Port Waters

The automatic identification system (AIS) provides detailed information about vessel movement that has gained wide application in areas such as ship behavior analysis over the past decade. Based on the AIS data in January and February of the lunar calendar in 2019 and 2020, this study analyzed the number and size of ships, the spatial distribution characteristics, such as ship position and density, ship speed, as well as the temporal characteristics of daily and monthly changes of ship flow, and then evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on ship activities in Dongying Port waters. The results show that the number of tankers declined to a lesser extent compared to fishing and cargo ships after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. Because berthing activities would require extra operating time due to the epidemic, ships may require longer turnaround times. In general, tankers in Dongying Port waters were less affected by the epidemic than cargo and fishing ships.

Review of the Container Ship Loading Model – Cause Analysis of Cargo Damage and/or Loss

Abstract As the maritime transport of containers continues to grow and container ships change in terms of design and construction, it is important to ensure the appropriate level of safety for this type of transport. Over the decades, the size and cargo capacity of container ships have been changing, and so have their manoeuvring restrictions and required stability criteria. It seems that changes in the regulations, technological development and increased stability requirements are not yielding satisfactory results – the causes of container ship accidents continue to show similar patterns. The present article refers to the problem of ensuring safety in sea container transport, with a particular focus on cargo processes. Its purpose is to determine cause-and-effect relations leading to the loss of containers at sea, and to develop a model of loading that could significantly raise the level of safety of container transport. The article provides a general description of threats to ships related to weather conditions, loading methods or stability limitations. A statistical analysis of the occurrence of damage and/or loss of cargo from container ships was carried out and the risk of cargo loss was assessed on the basis of data from 2015‒2019. A Pareto diagram was used for this purpose. The authors present the concept of the container ship loading model, which may contribute to increasing the safety of shipping in the future.

Carbon emission reduction of shore power from power energy structure in China

With the construction of China’s ecological civilization and the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, shore power has been vigorously developed as an important technology for the future green development of ports. However, China’s electricity is still mostly coal-fired, which produces many carbon emissions. Coupled with regional differences, shore power is by no means certain to lower carbon emissions compared with fuel throughout China. Considering the power energy structure in different regions, this paper establishes a carbon emission correlation model between fuel and shore power during ship berthing, calculates the feasibility and actual emission reduction effect of shore power in coastal ports, and studies the restriction condition of starting time for the use of shore power for ships attached to ports according to the national policy of mandatory use of shore power. The results show that only a small part of coastal provinces and cities are suitable for using shore power, and it is limited by the berthing time of the ship. However, this condition is not related to the size of ships but related to the proportion of power generation. Therefore, the government should develop shore power according to local conditions, and vigorously increase the proportion of clean energy, so that the shore power truly achieve zero carbon emissions.

Verification of a Free-Surface Pressure Term Extension to Represent Ships in a Nonhydrostatic Shallow-Water-Equations Solver

Abstract In recent years, increasing ship sizes and associated increasing wave loads have led to a demand for prediction tools quantifying the ship-induced loads on waterways. Depth-averaged numerical models, using a free-surface pressure term, are a prominent method to obtain the relevant design parameters. These models incorporate the wave deformation processes due to attributes of complex bathymetries, while allowing for an efficient simulation of large computational domains. The nonhydrostatic shallow-water-equations (SWE) model REEF3D::SFLOW uses a quadratic pressure approximation and high-order discretization schemes. This paper presents the implementation of a pressure term to account for the displacement of the free surface by solid moving objects. Two test cases verifying the implementation are shown based upon the analytical one-dimensional solution of the wave propagation due to surface pressure and the estimation of Havelock angles. These verification tests are the first step toward a holistic model, combining a large scale model with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations near waterway banks.

Variable indexing method in rule documents for ship design using extraction of portable document format elements

Abstract Design rules for ships have become more extensive and detailed due to an increase in the sizes of ships. Several variables and equations used in the rules are complex, thereby impeding their review by reviewers due to their voluminosity. In addition, because these rules are constantly revised, professional investigators may miss these changes. To prevent such confusion, a shipping register, which approves ship drawings, constantly automates the search and review processes of the rules. Consequently, this study proposes a method for recognizing variables in documents to review the rules and build relationships between variables. Each component of a document must be accurately identified. The document containing these rules includes different components such as equations, figures, and strings. Because these rules are mainly converted to a portable document format (PDF) for compatibility, it is challenging to extract each component as raw data. This study used a public library to extract elements from the PDF and utilized the positional relationship between the elements to identify the variables. By applying the Levenshtein distance algorithm, which compares the differences between two strings, the document was partitioned following to the table of contents. Hence, the identified variables were indexed into sections of the table of content. Additionally, based on the indexed information, a data structure was proposed to show the equations, definition of variables, and relationships. This study applied it to common structural rules, which are widely used in the shipbuilding industry. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by achieving the F1 score = 0.93 in variable recognition and intuitively visualizing the relationship between the variables.

Intention modeling and inference for autonomous collision avoidance at sea

The open wording of the traffic rules of the sea, COLREGS, and the existence of unwritten rules, make it essential for an autonomous ship to understand the intentions of other ships. This article uses a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to model and infer the intentions of other ships in open waters based on their observed real-time behavior. Multiple intention nodes are included to describe the different ways a ship can interpret and conflict with the behavioral rules outlined in COLREGS. The prior probability distributions of the intention nodes are adapted to the current situation based on observable characteristics such as location and relative ship size. The resulting model is able to identify situations that are prone to cause misunderstandings and infer the state of multiple intention variables that describe how the ship is likely to behave. Different collision avoidance algorithms can use the resulting intention information to better know if, when, and how to act.

Inventory Of Small-Scale Fishing Units In Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency

This study aims to identify and inventory the fishing units in Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. This research was conducted in June-July 2021. The method used in this study is a survey method, with direct observations in the field and conducting interviews with fishermen and noting the fishing units used by fishermen in Tanjung Solok Village. The sampling method is a census of 106 fishermen who have fishing units and domiciled in Tanjung Solok Village. The data collected in this study include general biographical data of fishermen, ships or boats used to catch fish, fishing gear used, and catches while fishing. The data analysis used in this research is Descriptive Data Analysis. Fishermen in Tanjung Solok are aged between 20 and 70 years with elementary, junior high and high school education and work as main fishermen, fishermen and side fishermen. The fishing vessels used are classified as outboard motor boats, non-motorized boats and motor boats made of fiber or wood with ship sizes of 1 to 4 GT. There are 7 types of fishing gear used, namely Gillnet, Mini Trawl, Pull Trawl, Splint, Rawai, Net, and Clam Stick and are dominated by fishing gear that is easy to operate and cheap. The most widely used fishing gear is the Gillnet. The fishing area for Tanjung Solok fishermen is around the territorial sea which is no more than 12 miles from the coastline because the fishing units are classified as small-scale. The fish caught by fishermen vary from shrimp and gulama fish, happy fish, side fish and shellfish.

MSSDet: Multi-Scale Ship-Detection Framework in Optical Remote-Sensing Images and New Benchmark

Ships comprise the only and most important ocean transportation mode. Thus, ship detection is one of the most critical technologies in ship monitoring, which plays an essential role in maintaining marine safety. Optical remote-sensing images contain rich color and texture information, which is beneficial to ship detection. However, few optical remote-sensing datasets are open publicly due to the issue of sensitive data and copyrights, and only the HRSC2016 dataset is built for the ship-detection task. Moreover, almost all general object detectors suffer from the failure of multi-scale ship detection because of the diversity of spatial resolution and ship size. In this paper, we re-annotate the HRSC2016 dataset and supplement 610 optical remote-sensing images to build a new open source ship-detection benchmark dataset with rich multi-scale ship objects named the HRSC2016-MS dataset. In addition, we further explore the potential of a recursive mechanism in the field of object detection and propose a novel multi-scale ship-detection framework (MSSDet) in optical remote-sensing images. The success of detecting multi-scale objects depends on the hierarchical pyramid structure in the object-detection framework. However, the inherent semantic and spatial gaps among hierarchical pyramid levels seriously affect detection performance. To alleviate this problem, we propose a joint recursive feature pyramid (JRFP), which can generate semantically strong and spatially refined multi-scale features. Extensive experiments were conducted on the HRSC2016-MS, HRSC2016, and DIOR datasets. Detailed ablation studies directly demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed JRFP architecture and also showed that the proposed method has excellent generalizability. Comparisons with state-of-the-art methods showed that the proposed method achieves competitive performance, i.e., 77.3%, 95.8%, and 73.3% mean average precision accuracy on the HRSC2016-MS, HRSC2016, and DIOR datasets, respectively.

Development of collision risk assessment model for bridge across waterways based on traffic probability distribution

Korea identifies in advance the impact of maritime development, including bridges across waterways, on maritime traffic safety and evaluates changes in maritime traffic flow and ship navigation safety by Maritime Traffic Safety Assessment. However, this system adopts the probability of collision per 10,000 vessels as a safety standard based on the number of collisions per vessel rather than the annual collision frequency during collision risk assessments through ship handling simulation, which is unsuitable for safety verification in sea areas with high traffic. Therefore, in this study, the annual frequency of collapse (AASHTO Method II) was used to convert collision frequency per ship into an annual collision frequency equation, maritime traffic distribution was analyzed for 4 bridges across waterways in Korea, and a normality test was performed. Through k-means clustering, passing ships were clustered by tonnage, and the annual collision frequency for each cluster was calculated. As a result, the annual collision frequency of once every 50–100 years was suitable depending on the ship size. This is similar to the annual collision frequency reported by International Maritime Organization, and it is judged to be suitable for use as an annual collision frequency safety standard not only in Korea but also worldwide.

Effect of Defects on Structural Integrity in High-Heat-Input Weldment

With the rapid increase in the size of container ships, the steel plates used for ship hulls have increased in thickness. The use of thick plates leads to an increase in welding. Alternative welding processes such as electro gas welding (EGW), with high heat input have been replacing the multi-pass flux cored arc welding process. Shipbuilding companies have tended to use EGW increasingly to improve productivity. However, because the toughness of steel tends to decrease for thicker plates, brittle fracture requireded more attention. Although some research on high-heat-input EGW weld joints has been performed, much less attention has been paid to estimating the integrity of defective high-heat-input weld joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of EGW weld joints for thick plates. To do so, the fracture toughness of EGW weld joints was investigated. In addition, to estimate the integrity of defective welds, the fatigue characteristics of experimentally reproduced defective welds were examined. Based on these investigations, an engineering critical assessmentwas conducted. As a result, a standard for the allowable defect size for field application according to the defect type is proposed.

An adaptive heuristic algorithm based on reinforcement learning for ship scheduling optimization problem

Due to the development of ship sizes and the traffic increase in port, ships having long turnaround time in port often result in port congestion, which seriously affects the efficiency of the ship navigation and environmental sustainability of port, it has been evident that effective ship scheduling presents a solution of the fundamental and strategic importance to port congestion. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming mathematical model is proposed to realize the optimization of the ship scheduling in port to minimize the total time spent by ships in port. Its methodological novelty is gained by an innovative adaptive genetic simulated annealing algorithm based on a reinforcement learning algorithm (GSAA-RL) to support the developed mathematical model, in which the genetic algorithm is considered as the basic optimization algorithm, and Q-learning with a unique property of selecting suitable parameters dynamically is developed to adjust the parameters of crossover and mutation to improve the search ability of the algorithm. Meanwhile, the dynamic parameter turning process is formulated into a Markov decision process (MDP) model with well defining the state, action, and reward function in GSAA-RL. Specifically, the state sets are proposed by analyzing the key factors affecting the scheduling efficiency and a new reward mechanism that can reduce the objective value significantly based on the quality of selected parameters is designed. The annealing operation is performed on some excellent individuals to further expand the search scope. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed GSAA-RL algorithm can significantly shorten the total time spent by ships in port compared to existing approaches. This study hence helps port operators/planners to improve operational efficiency and reduce port congestion, reduce ship fuel consumption, and deliver goods to cargo owners in a timely manner, which has important practical significance for achieving the “dual carbon” goal.

An Advanced Prediction Model for Underwater Noise Emissions of Ships

_ The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between design and operational ship parameters with respect to radiated underwater noise and to develop a semiempirical noise prediction model that includes the dominant noise contributors present on merchant vessels. The model is based on Dietrich Wittekind’s prediction model and on underwater noise measurements with related Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Additionally, the noise contribution of a two-stroke engine is investigated using structure-borne noise measurements and Finite Element Methods (FEM). The updated model can be used to assess the expected underwater noise emissions induced by ship traffic in a specific sea area based on AIS data and as a basis to produce noise maps. In conclusion, the prediction model will work as a useful tool to help understanding the noise contributors, their sensitivity on ships speed, and their impact in a defined environment. Introduction When discussing emissions in shipping, the focus is mainly reduced to greenhouse gases and pollutants. In the meantime, ships have been recognized as the most common source of anthropogenic noise emission in the oceans (Tournadre 2014). The dominant components of shipping noise are propeller cavitation, as well as the vibration of the hull caused by the power plant (Zou et al. 2003; Wittekind 2014). An increase in ship traffic and larger ship sizes are responsible for the steady rise in ambient noise, especially at low frequencies (Andrew et al. 2002). Several studies identified an increase of noise by 3 dB per decade. In other words, noise emissions double every 10 years as observed between the 1960s and 1990s (Andrew et al. 2002).

REVIEW RAGAM JENIS KAPAL PERIKANAN INDONESIA

Indonesia as a maritime country with 2.23 million people working in the marine sector, one of which is a fisherman. Fishermen are one part of the fishing unit that plays a very important role for the success of a fishing operation. This paper reviews the fleet of vessels used by fishermen in Indonesia. The research method is a literature study taken from books, papers, the internet, and other sources that can support. The results of the review show that in carrying out fishing activities, fishermen in Indonesia use traditional and modern boats or boats. Types of boats or ships are divided into several categories. Depending on the type of fishing gear such as purse seine, trawls, dredge net, lift net, gill net, pole and line, long line, tonda ship, jungkung, and based on the propulsion system and ship size divided into powered boat and non-powered boat. In the operation of the ship, electricity is supplied by generators or batteries or batteries. To drive the sailing ship, a motorized engine is used, which is divided into inboard and outboard engines based on the layout, and is categorized into marine diesel engines and marineized engines based on their design and designation. On the other hand, to optimize the production of potential fisheries resources owned by Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the number of ships. The fluctuating growth in the number of vessels from 2002 to 2016, with the largest number of vessels amounting to 815,544 units in 2014 has not been able to maximize production from this potential. The Indonesian shipbuilding industry has also not developed in line with the challenges it faces. Development is still lagging behind the capacity, potential, demands and demands of the market. As well as social organizations also have an important role to increase capture fisheries production by providing guidanceThe information presented is expected to help the interests of the community such as the central government, local governments, researchers, students, and anyone who is interested in supporting the field of fishing vessels in Indonesia, especially the application of solar power plants on fishing boats.