Station Site Research Articles

Community Structure of Dragonflies (Odonata) at Garahan Resort, Sempolan, Perhutani, Forest Management Unit (KPH) Jember

A community is a conglomeration of diverse groups coexisting within a shared geographical location and temporal framework. Different approaches can be used to explain community structure, focusing on species diversity, species interactions, and functional organization. The biodiversity of dragonflies in Indonesia is significantly abundant. Dragonflies play multiple ecological roles and inhabit diverse habitats, as evidenced by recent research conducted in January 2023. This study aimed to investigate the composition and organization of the dragonfly community. The research design employed in this study is exploratory and descriptive. The identification of station sites through the purposive sampling method. The sampling locations consisted of a pine forest and the Garahan jungle. The road sampling approach utilizes the sweeping technique. The investigation yielded a total of thirteen distinct species of dragonflies. The study reveals the presence of two endemic species, Paragomphus reinwardtii and Heliocypha fenestrata, with a diversity index value (H’) of 1.653, falling into the medium group. The dominance index (D) exhibits a value of 0.263, indicating its classification within the low group. The evenness index (E) value at 0.401 falls into the medium group. A species similarity index (SI) of 75% is categorized as high. Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) reveals a positive correlation between the species Ortherum Sabina, Orthetrum glaucum, Vestalis luctuosa, Diplacodes trivialis, Euphaea variegata, Coeliccia membranipes, Gynacantha subinterrupta, Paragomphus reinwardtii, and Zygonix ida with light intensity, air humidity, and wind speed.

A New Approach to Enhance Smart City Applications Through Integrating GIS BIM Technology

The research deals with the study and analysis of smart cities, the requirements for their establishment, and the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in building sustainable, energy-efficient smart cities. The primary objective is to put a smart city transformation methodology and apply it on Lattakia city as a case study, using Building Information Modeling (BIM). We proposed new tools in an integrated methodology to transform from ordinary to smart city, and implemented basics of its objects, including GISBIM technologies integration, insuring both sustainable and energy saving vision at general planning designs. Implementing the chosen methodology steps at an organized area in Syria – Lattakia City, starting with building an accurate geodatabase, then, obtaining Sun Shadow Frequency analysis, which shows that December contains the highest shade values, with cumulative coverage rate 79.84%, while June instead contain the lowest shade value, reaching only 33.84%. But in general, most of the area has shade coverage that does not exceed 15% most of the day, therefore no need to make an adjustment to the distribution of building blocks. After that, in order to secure the energy needed for the study Area, analyzing the Land Surface Temperature (LST) done using the ArcGIS Pro® software, and locating a renewable energy station site (solar plant). On the other hand, analyzing a residential building energy through annual PV analysis has been done, by using Revit® software through Insight™ extension, with two cases: first one, building without changing building material, while second one done after changing building material to save solar energy inside and rising roof slope up to 10%, and we achieve valuable energy savings by applying this modification to building material. And finally, introducing the infrastructure underground network, that serving transformation to smart city.

Charging Station Siting and Sizing Considering Uncertainty in Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Distribution

Charging Station Siting and Sizing Considering Uncertainty in Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Distribution

The influence of supplier competency on business performance through supplier integration, vendor-managed inventory, and supply chain collaboration in Fuel Station: An evidence from Timor Leste

Fuel availability is essential in supporting the sustainable economic growth of a country. The manufacturing industry, transportation activities, and shipping products between regions are the primary sectors that require a sustainable fuel supply. The fuel station contributes to distributing and delivering fuel in serving the demand for the fuel. This study investigates supplier competency's role in supporting fuel station business performance through supplier integration, vendor-managed inventory, and supply chain collaboration. The research surveyed 71 fuel stations in Timor Leste using a questionnaire designed with a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaires are distributed to supervisors or higher positions at fuel stations by distributing questionnaires by direct delivery and also through Google Forms for areas far away in downtown Timor Leste. Data from respondents were analyzed using smartPLS software version 4.0. The results found that supplier competency positively impacts supplier integration, vendor-managed inventory, and supply chain collaboration. Moreover, supplier integration positively impacts vendor-managed inventory, supply chain collaboration, and business performance. Vendor-managed inventory fuel station sites can have an impact on improving supply chain collaboration and business performance. In addition, supply chain collaboration between vendors and fuel stations in Timor Leste enables continuous business performance improvement. This research paves the way for supervisors, managers, and fuel station top management to collaborate with suppliers in maintaining inventory levels and forecasting the supply and demand for fuel procurement requirements. Finally, this research contributes to the theory of inventory optimization and supply chain performance.

Geospatial Analysis of Fuel and Gas Station Distribution: Evaluating the Compliance and Impact of Station Siting on Public Health and Safety in Kumasi, Ghana

Geospatial Analysis of Fuel and Gas Station Distribution: Evaluating the Compliance and Impact of Station Siting on Public Health and Safety in Kumasi, Ghana

Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Gas Station Soil Using High-Pressure Soil Washing Technology

Objectives : In this study, high-pressure soil washing was performed on in-situ gas station soils for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated gas station sites.Methods : On-site gas station soils (GSS) collected from four different locations were subjected to high-pressure soil washing to analyze the amount of fine soil removal and TPH concentration after washing according to the cut-off size (0.075, 0.105 mm). In addition, the four GSS were evaluated for the relationship between the organic matter content of each soil and TPH removal efficiency. Furthermore, to evaluate the disintegration force of high-pressure soil washing technology to disperse soil aggregates, the particle size distribution of the soil before and after washing was evaluated and XRD analysis was performed.Results and Discussion : As the cut-off size increased (0.075 mm → 0.105 mm), the removal rate of fine soil in the GSS increased, and the TPH concentration tended to decrease. With respect to the TPH Soil Contamination Warning Standard for Region 2 (800 mg/kg), only the GSS 3 was in compliance with the standard (630 mg/kg). There were no significant differences in fine soil removal rates among the soils, which was expected since all the soils tested represented the same sandy loam. Washing efficiencies by soil were relatively low for soils with relatively high organic matter content. The particle size distribution showed the largest particle reduction was in the 2-0.850 mm range after remediation, while soil particles increased in the 0.105-0.075 mm and <0.075 mm range. In addition, XRD analysis showed an increase in the peak intensity of Quartz and the removal of clay mineral after washing, confirming the effective breakdown of soil aggregates and removal of fine soil by cavitation.Conclusion : If an optimal cut-off size is established, considering the soil texture and economics of the contaminated site after identifying the initial organic content level in the soil prior to washing, it is anticipated that high-pressure soil washing technology will be effectively applied for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated gas station sites.

Research on Optical Site Diversity for Space Communications over Asia-Pacific Region

Our research on optical site diversity for space optical direct communications over the Asia-Pacific region based on satellite imageries is described. The objective of this research is to find groups of geographically separate locations with high fine-weather rates to place optical ground stations and form an optical site diversity network based on data analysis of geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) imageries for 10 years, covering the Asia-Pacific region. Our other objective is to propose optical ground stations network over Japan and between Japan and Australia. In this analysis, target areas are focused on Japan and Australia because of the long operation backgrounds of radio communication ground station networks in these areas. We first talk about our analysis system for optical site diversity based on registered locations over Japan and Australia. Next, we study groups of geographically separate locations corresponding to sites for optical ground stations to form an optical site diversity network over Japan and between Japan and Australia with their operation availabilities. Our discussions on the network topologies formed by these optical ground stations are also given: not only over Japan but also between Japan and Australia in the Asia-Pacific region to connect them with NASA’s and the ESA’s optical ground stations for international optical ground station networks.

Uniformly Processed Fourier Spectra Amplitude Database for Recently Compiled New Zealand Strong Ground Motions

Abstract We present a ground-motion parameter database for earthquakes recorded between 2000 and the end of 2022 in New Zealand, which was developed within the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model (NZ NSHM 2022) program. It comprises all the local events with moment magnitudes in the range Mw 3.5–7.8 for crustal seismicity and Mw 4–7.8 for subduction seismicity recorded by GeoNet strong-motion network. Out of 2809 events, 1598 (∼57.1%) were classified as crustal, 432 as interface (∼15.3%), 98 as outer-rise (3.5%), 597 as inslab (∼21.3%), and the rest are undetermined. Beside the information that GeoNet provides for each event, the source metadata also comprises moment tensor solutions and finite-fault source models compiled from the literature. Various distance measures are computed for each event–station pair, including estimates of rupture distance for sufficiently large events by incorporating finite-fault source models. More than 150,000 strong ground-motion records, within 500 km rupture distance, were processed using an automated algorithm that combines traditional processing algorithms and machine learning. Several intensity measures (i.e., smoothed and down-sampled Fourier spectral amplitudes, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and duration measures) of the processed ground motions are presented in the database. Finally, the database includes station site parameters sourced directly from the 2022 NSHM compilation of Wotherspoon et al. (2022, 2023).

Selection and prediction of metro station sites based on spatial data and random forest: a study of Lanzhou, China

Urban economic development, congestion relief, and traffic efficiency are all greatly impacted by the thoughtful planning of urban metro station layout. with the urban area of Lanzhou as an example, the suitability of the station locations of the built metro stations of the rail transit lines 1 and 2 in the study area have been evaluated using multi-source heterogeneous spatial data through data collection, feature matrix construction, the use of random forest and K-fold cross-validation, among other methods. The average Gini reduction value was used to examine the contribution rate of each feature indicator based on the examination of model truthfulness. According to the study's findings: (1) K-fold cross-validation was applied to test the random forest model that was built using the built metro stations and particular factors. The average accuracy of the tests and out-of-bag data (OOB) of tenfold cross-validation were 89.62% and 91.285%, respectively. Additionally, the AUC area under the ROC curve was 0.9823, indicating that this time, from the perspective of the natural environment, traffic location, and social factors The 19 elements selected from the views of the urban function structure, social economics, and natural environment are closely associated to the locations of the metro station in the research region, and the prediction the findings are more reliable; (2) It becomes apparent that more than half of the built station sites display excellent agreement with the predicted sites in terms of geographical location by superimposing the built metro station sites with the prediction results and tally up their cumulative prediction probability values within the 300 m buffering zone; (3) Based on the contribution rate of each indicator to the model, transport facilities, companies, population density, night lighting, science, education and culture, residential communities, and road network density are identified as the primary influential factors, each accounting for over 6.6%. Subsequently, land use, elevation, and slope are found to have relatively lower contributions. The results of the research provided important information for the local metro's best location selection and planning.

A two-stage approach to siting electric bus charging stations considering future-current demand

With the global acceleration of the carbon-neutral process and the widespread adoption of electric buses in various countries, the placement of charging stations plays a crucial role in promoting low-carbon development in public transportation systems. This paper proposes a two-stage approach for siting electric bus charging stations considering future-present needs. Initially, perspectives on future and current needs, a community discovery model is constructed using bus space-time swipe card data to identify the municipal bus travel link network. This model considers the OD distribution of bus passenger flow, which is essential for determining the line network and capacity layout. Additionally, a bus first and last station hotspot identification-Voronoi diagram model is established based on the service area partition of bus charging stations, incorporating the weight of charging demand. The model assesses the aggregation of charging demand in each service area using demand aggregation and spatial aggregation indicators. It utilizes the current bus charging requirements aggregation pattern to determine the siting of bus charging stations in the sub-regions, resulting in a data-driven two-stage method for siting electric bus charging stations considering future and current demand. The city is divided into 11 bus charging station subzones using the community discovery model, and sites are selected within each subzone. The results indicate that the demand aggregation degree has increased to some extent in 10 service areas compared to the initial sub-district and an overall increase of 22.79% for the entire city, from 0.487 to 0.598. Among them, 8 service areas have a demand aggregation degree greater than 0.5, indicating that charging demand in most sub-districts is concentrated in high-value aggregation areas. The spatial aggregation degree of all service areas is less than 1, with a decrease in the spatial aggregation degree of 7 service areas and an overall decrease of 11.47% for the entire city, from 0.680 to 0.602. Most service areas experience a decrease in spatial aggregation degree while the demand aggregation degree increases, optimizing the structure of the service areas and reducing the time cost of charging the buses. The model demonstrates good applicability to charging stations and offers an effective approach to siting them.

Fluctuations of discharge and hydropower potential in the upper Amu Darya under the background of climate change

Study RegionUpper Amu Darya (UAD). Study FocusThe UAD has abundant hydropower potential (HP). This study focuses on the potential sites of small hydropower stations (sHPs) and explores the impact of future climate change on discharge and HP. New Hydrological Insights for the RegionThe conflict between water resources and hydropower in Central Asia is a key issue affecting regional development. Developing sHPs provides a new direction for alleviating energy shortages in Central Asia. Combining the hydrological model with the geographic information decision-making method, we have determined the potential sites for ten sHPs in the UAD and calculated the HP for each station. Based on future climate data from two shared socioeconomic pathways and four global climate models, we found that future precipitation and temperature are projected to increase, with precipitation increasing mainly in spring and winter. The average discharge will increase by 19.1∼36.6% in the near-term (2031–2050) and by 29.7∼106.8% in the long-term (2071–2090). In addition, climate change has significantly increased HP in winter, and the increase of HP in relatively high altitudes is higher than that in low altitudes. This implies that the HP development prospect of UAD is broad in future, but for sHPs construction schemes, it is necessary to further consider the impact on both environment and society.

Systematic conservation planning for Antarctic research stations

The small ice-free areas of Antarctica are essential locations for both biodiversity and scientific research but are subject to considerable and expanding human impacts, resulting primarily from station-based research and support activities, and local tourism. Awareness by operators of the need to conserve natural values in and around station and visitor site footprints exists, but the cumulative nature of impacts often results in reactive rather than proactive management. With human activity spread across many isolated pockets of ice-free ground, the pathway to the greatest reduction of human impacts within this natural reserve is through better management of these areas, which are impacted the most. Using a case study of Australia's Casey Station, we found significant natural values persist within the immediate proximity (<10 m) of long-term station infrastructure, but encroachment by physical disturbance results in ongoing pressures. Active planning to better conserve such values would provide a direct opportunity to enhance protection of Antarctica's environment. Here we introduce an approach to systematic conservation planning, tailored to Antarctic research stations, to help managers improve the conservation of values surrounding their activity locations. Use of this approach provides a potential mechanism to balance the need for scientific access to the continent with international obligations to protect its environment. It may also facilitate the development of subordinate conservation tools, including management plans and natural capital accounting. By proactively minimising and containing their station footprints, national programs can also independently demonstrate their commitment to protecting Antarctica's environment.

Проведение производственного экологического контроля на примере месторождения углеводородов Волгоградской области

The geological structure of the territory, tectonic elements associated with the oil and gas structure are described. The deposit is attributed to the area of contact of the Voronezh anteclise and the Caspian syneclise, separated by the southern part of the Pachelma-Saratov avlakogen. The specifics of the location, the mode of operation of the deposit, the method of extraction, preparation of products have been studied. The gas condensate field of the Tula horizon with an oil rim with water in its lower part is subject to development. The operation mode of the deposit is complex, due to the influence of the expansion energy of the gas cap and the elastic-water-pressure regime. The background method of operation prevails. The natural-technical system, formed due to the peculiarities of production and economic activity and natural conditions, affecting all components of the natural environment, disturbing the balance of the ecosystem of the work area, is considered. The main sources of increased danger are identified: industrial sites of producing wells, in places of technological binding of wellheads, the site of the gas metering station, in places of flange connections, dispersion candles, gas separators. In order to prevent formation fluid contamination of the upper part of the soil column, a protective soil embankment is provided. Particular attention is paid to the review of regulatory and legal documentation, requirements for the organization of control over compliance with their execution, the procedure and deadlines for reporting. Measures to protect the environment from sources of increased danger are described. Attention is focused on the relevance of radiation and environmental research, while control is based on uniform coverage of all industrial facilities.

A Case Study for an Assessment of Fire Station Selection in the Central Urban Area

With the continual acceleration of urbanization, the amount of urban infrastructure and the quality of public services are increasing in many cities. A pressing concern in this context is the growing problem of incompatible fire protection construction, indicating a need for urban fire stations with well-planned layouts. However, research on optimizing the layout and placement of fire stations by considering the various factors affecting station layouts is lacking. The current study addressed this gap by establishing an optimal fire station layout by using a geographic information system (GIS) and elucidated the trends of GIS application in firefighting and rescue operations. The study’s findings reveal the benefits of avoiding blind spots, enhancing the selection of fire station sites, and optimizing service coverage. Furthermore, this study optimized the layout of CZ city’s downtown fire stations, which could enhance CZ city’s firefighting capabilities.

Hydrogen station location optimization coupling hydrogen sources and transportation along the expressway

The appropriate siting of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) can contribute to reducing hydrogen costs and promoting the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). This study integrates hydrogen sources and transportation, aiming to minimize the unit hydrogen cost. Two models for hydrogen station siting along the expressway are established. For the selection of feasible station siting schemes under discrete conditions, we design a screening process and algorithm Taking a specific highway section as a case study, both models are optimized, resulting in the unit hydrogen cost of 50.44 CNY/kg and 51.69 CNY/kg, respectively. Optimization verification is conducted, with percentage variances of 6.61 % and 18.77 %, respectively. Furthermore, the study delves into the impacts of different hydrogen demand, hydrogen production capacities, and the maximum allowable spacing between HRSs on station siting for both models. This research provides significant insights for hydrogen station siting along the expressway.

A study of the Effect of Electric Power Plants on the Soil Content of some Heavy Elements (Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Fe)

The study was conducted to find out the effect of electric power generation stations on the soil content of heavy elements, where four stations were selected to generate electric power, which included (Al-Diwaniyah power station, Abu Gharq power station, Al-Haidariya power station and Al-Khairat power station) in the city of (Diwaniyah, Babil, Najaf and Karbala). Then four location were chosen within varying distances from the site of each station, which included (20, 50, 100, 200) m. The results showed a clear variation in the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the sites within the distances between the stations. The results also showed an increase in the soil content of heavy elements in the sites close to each station, which decreased as we moved away from the station site. The results also showed that the soil content of iron and manganese elements fell within the natural limits of the permissible global determinants in all soil samples and their various distances, while the variation in the soil content of copper was within the natural limits except for the soil sites within the distances of 20 and 50 m that were higher than the permissible limit. with it, The lead content of the soil was higher than the permissible limits, except for the soil located within 200 m from the Al-Khairat power station in Karbala. As for the soil content of lead and nickel, all of them were within the permissible limits, except for the soil sites located within the distances of 100 m and 200 m for the two power stations of Al-Khairat and Abu Gharak in Karbala and Babylon, respectively. These increases are attributed to its proximity to pollution sources, which contain fuel combustion products and fly ash high concentrations of some of these heavy elements, in addition to the rocks that make up those soils, on which the soil content of heavy elements depends.

Prediction of seismic impacts at the site of Plavinu HPP from a potential seismic source in Koknese (Latvia)

The study considers the impact of seismic waves from the source of a potential earthquake in Latvia on the site of the Plavinu hydroelectric power station, which is located in unfavorable geological, tectonic, and geodynamic conditions. A direct seismology problem was solved in two stages to assess seismic impacts on the site. In the first stage, the modeling of synthetic seismograms was carried out, and in the second stage, a prediction of seismic impacts at the hydroelectric power station site was conducted. In the first stage, we used wave field modeling applying Green's method. In the second stage, ground motion characteristics were obtained using a one-dimensional, nonlinear ground response analysis method. A wave field of 15 Green's functions was obtained, which was then converted into a 3-component accelerogram. The accelerogram was then used as a seismic impulse to a Prequaternary sediment's surface. A set of engineering and seismic characteristics of soil was obtained, i.e. amplification, Fourier amplitudes, and spectral amplitudes. The paper demonstrates the ability to acquire valuable information about the seismic wave field and ground motion from macroseismic data from historical earthquakes. This is especially important for intra-plate conditions with limited seismic statistics. Prediction of engineering and seismic conditions are of great practical importance since they will allow us to identify the most vulnerable sites of the soil at the Plavinu HPP.

Seismic Station Quality Monitoring and Evaluation System in Indonesia

Good quality seismic data is needed to produce accurate earthquake information, namely seismic data with low background noise. A reliable monitoring and evaluation system are necessary to determine the quality of seismic stations in recording earthquake waves quickly and accurately. The Seismic Station Quality Monitoring and Evaluation System (SQES) was created to obtain information regarding the quality of seismic data and the quality of seismic station sites efficiently, quickly, and accurately by assessing parameters that affect seismic station quality. Seismic data quality assessment is based on background noise, data continuity, and signal anomalies. In contrast, seismic station site quality is measured based on geological conditions, site class, Power Spectral Density (PSD), and solar energy potential. This system works automatically, semi-realtime, daily, and monthly through a web service that functions continuously to be accessed anytime and anywhere. By obtaining seismic station quality information quickly and accurately, it can be used to monitor the accuracy of earthquake information and optimize seismic station maintenance. SQES has been used to evaluate the quality of 428 seismic stations in InaTEWS and can provide an overview of the quality of seismic stations in Indonesia.

Geographical and Strategic Considerations in the Establishment of Ming Dynasty Post Stations

The Ming Dynasty's postal station system was a vital network for state operations, underpinned by the dual forces of nature and governance. This paper explores how the strategic siting of postal stations was shaped by geographic imperatives and imperial edicts. Natural landscapes, particularly riverine environments and topography dictated placements that ensured resilience and functionality. Politically, stations were woven into the urban tapestry, striking a balance between accessibility and security, reflective of the era’s administrative exigencies. The analysis reveals a deliberate integration of postal stations with existing transport modalities to optimize the flow of goods and information. By dissecting these factors, the paper sheds light on the Ming Dynasty’s logistical sophistication, providing historical insights with modern implications for transport infrastructure planning.

The possibility of rainfall nowcasting using atmospheric electric field

The possibility of rainfall nowcasting using a new parameter — atmospheric electric field (potential gradient, PG) — is investigated. The temporal behavior of the PG measured by a ground-based electric field mill before rainfall was analyzed at the University of Reading Atmospheric Observatory (51.441°N, 0.938°W, 66 m) in 2007–2021 and the Nor Amberd research station (40.367°N, 45.258°E, 2000 m) in 2013–2018. The PG tend to show abnormal oscillations before the precipitation cloud arrived at the PG measuring site. Several rules were applied to determine rainfall and PG oscillation events. Statistical analysis was conducted, and the results showed that PG oscillations occurred before and overlap with 48% (54%) of rainfall events, and PG oscillations occurred in one hour before 68% (77%) of rainfall events started at the University of Reading Atmospheric Observatory site (Nor Amberd research station site). A PG-based rainfall nowcasting model is proposed, which is constructed using machine learning techniques Fully Connected Neural Network and Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool. The hit rate, false alarm rate, missed detection rate, TS score of the model reached 93.8% (94.6%), 36% (37.4%), 37.7% (39.3%), 46.1% (44.5%) respectively, which is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art rainfall nowcasting methods. And the heavy rainfall hit rate reached 41.5% (36.4%). PG show a great potential to be used as a new parameter for rainfall nowcasting. And the effect of rainfall nowcasting method that proposed in this paper is barely affected by the weather conditions and the PG measuring range of different sites. Moreover, PG stands out among many other parameters because long-term and stable PG measurements can be obtained at a very low cost using an electric field mill.