Single Pan Research Articles

Combustion synthesis and characterization of dysprosium nano-composite melilite

Light emitting nano-scale materials have attracted a great interest in recent days. In view of this, a nanocrystal solid luminescent composite material was prepared using combustion processing technique and its identity was analyzed and further investigated. The precursor reagents were measured using the single pan analytical balance. A sample was synthesized and its functional group was identified using the FTIR spectroscopy and XRD studies as having similar properties to those in Batch No. JCPDS No. 77-1149 and in Base Code AMCSD 0008032. Its photoluminescence spectrum identified peaks located at 476 nm, 578 nm and 615 nm that were attributed to electronic transition from 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, from 4F9/2 to 6H13/2 and from 4F9/2 to 6H11/2 respectively as the finger blue-prints of dysprosium [Dy3+] ion. Its crystalline sizes and strains were calculated using the Debay Scherrer’s equation and analyzed using the UDM model. The findings showed that the prepared sample had a superior homogeneity and further that the Dy3+ influenced its formation. The mellite sample was identified to be Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+. Further analysis on the sample suggested that was a potential white light emitting luminescent material just like Ca2MgSi2O7:Tb3+ phosphor and Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphor.

Experimental investigation of single open pan heat exchanger for jaggery making: A novel technique to enhance the performance of a system

AbstractJaggery is an essential ingredient in the food. Due to its medicinal properties, it keeps humans away from diseases. So it is imperative to make good quality jaggery. Mechanical and thermal energy are used to manufacture jaggery. Effective utilization of these energies is essential for better efficiency of jaggery plant. Current single‐pan jaggery plants are 14.75%–24.36%. efficient. Due to its low efficiency, jaggery traders suffer losses, and the quality of jaggery also differs. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use a new operating system. In the modified plant, a conventional single pan with the open‐hearth furnace is replaced by a single open pan heat exchanger and thermic fluid heater to cope up with above mentioned losses. First batch of modified plant has an efficiency of 74.84%, whereas it has been improved to 96.49% for the second batch due to the removal of stack losses. Process time for this plant has been reduced by 13%–27% for first batch and 29%–44% for second batch as compared to the conventional plant.

COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DYSPROSIUM NANO-COMPOSITE MELILITE FOR DIODE APPLICATIONS

Light emitting nano-scale materials have attracted a great interest in recent days. In view of this, a nanocrystal solid luminescent composite material was prepared using combustion processing technique and its identity was analyzed and further investigated. The precursor reagents were measured using the single pan analytical balance. A sample was synthesized and its functional group was identified using the FTIR spectroscopy and XRD studies as having similar properties to those in Batch No. JCPDS No. 77-1149 and in Base Code AMCSD 0008032. Its photoluminescence spectrum identified peaks located at 476 nm, 578 nm and 615 nm that were attributed to electronic transition from 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, from 4F9/2 to 6H13/2 and from 4F9/2 to 6H11/2 respectively as the finger blue-prints of dysprosium [Dy3+] ion. Its crystalline sizes and strains were calculated using the Debay Scherrer’s equation and analyzed using the UDM model. The findings showed that the prepared sample had a superior homogeneity and further that the Dy3+ influenced its formation. The melllite sample was identified to be Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+. Further analysis on the sample suggested that was a potential white light emitting luminescent material just like Ca2MgSi2O7:Tb3+ phosphor and Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphor.

Ethanolic Extracts of leaves of Alstonia scholaris Linn. Modulates Chronic Inflammatory Immune Response in FCA Induced Arthritis

AIM- The aim of the present investigation is scientifically establishing the anti-arthritic activity of selected medicinal plant so that we are able to come up with a more effective and potent bioactive phytoconstituents with less side effects in comparison with existing synthetic drugs. MATERIAL & METHODS- The leaves of Alstonia scholaris were collected from campus of College of Pharmacy. All the plant materials were taxonomically identified by Dr. Gyanendra Tiwari, Senior Scientist, KNK College of Horticulture. All the plant materials were dried under shade and subjected to coarse powder for extraction process. Accurately weighed quantity of leaf powder of Alstonia scholaris were extracted using 95 % ethanol by soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. The ethanolic extracts were dried under the reduced pressure to get crude ethanolic extracts. The Wistar albino rats were divided into 10 groups of six animals in each. For the induction of chronic inflammatory response, FCA (0.1 ml) was injected through intra-articular injection in left ankle joint of rats on 0 day. The severity of adjuvant arthritis was quantified by measuring the volume of the hind paw using Plethysmograph. Body weight was measured of all groups at zero days before immunization and at 21st day after treatments over by using a single pan weighing balance. RESULTS- The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that different active constituent present in different extracts such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fat, oils, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and other phenolics compounds. The assessment made on the 21st day showed that the A. scholaris treatments at both doses (low and high) had moderately significant and highly significant effect and reduced (p< 0.01& p<0.001) the adjuvant-induced lesions in the respective treatment groups as compared with the arthritis control group. However, standard, A. scholaris had highly significant effects (p<0.001) in recovery of RBCs and haemoglobin. They also showed highly significant effects on decrease in WBCs and ESR treated groups, also showed moderately significant effects as compared to arthritic group. CONCLUSION- Besides from the obvious therapeutic importance, these components would be useful in understanding the mechanism of diseases with higher levels of cellular and molecular level. These components could serve as lead molecules for development of prospective anti-arthritic agents. Keywords: Anti-arthritic agent, Lead molecules, Alstonia scholaris, Shronic inflammatory response, Synthetic drugs, Plethysmograph

Synergistic Enhancement Properties of a Flexible Integrated PAN/PVDF Piezoelectric Sensor for Human Posture Recognition.

The flexible pressure sensor has attracted much attention due to its wearable and conformal advantage. All the same, enhancing its electrical and structural properties is still a huge challenge. Herein, a flexible integrated pressure sensor (FIPS) composed of a solid silicone rubber matrix, composited with piezoelectric powers of polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) and conductive silver-coated glass microspheres is first proposed. Specifically, the mass ratio of the PAN/PVDF and the rubber is up to 4:5 after mechanical mixing. The output voltage of the sensor with composite PAN/PVDF reaches 49 V, which is 2.57 and 3.06 times that with the single components, PAN and PVDF, respectively. In the range from 0 to 800 kPa, its linearity of voltage and current are all close to 0.986. Meanwhile, the sensor retains high voltage and current sensitivities of 42 mV/kPa and 0.174 nA/kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum response time is 43 ms at a frequency range of 1–2.5 Hz in different postures, and the stability is verified over 10,000 cycles. In practical measurements, the designed FIPS showed excellent recognition abilities for various gaits and different bending degrees of fingers. This work provides a novel strategy to improve the flexible pressure sensor, and demonstrates an attractive potential in terms of human health and motion monitoring.

Statistics and optimization of random pan stacking

We consider a minimal model of random pan stacking. A single pan consists of a V-shaped object characterized by its internal angle α. The stack is constructed by piling up N pans with different angles in a given, random order. The set of pans is generated by sampling from various kinds of distributions of the pan angles: discrete or continuous, uniform or optimized. For large N the mean height depends principally on the average of the distance between the bases of two consecutive pans, and the effective compaction of the stack, compared with the unstacked pans, is 2 log 2/π. We also obtain the discrete and continuous distributions that maximize the mean stack height. With only two types of pans, the maximum occurs for equal probabilities, while when many types of pans are available, the optimum distribution strongly favours those with the most acute and the most obtuse angles. With a continuous distribution of angles, while one never finds two identical pans, the behaviour is similar to a system with a large number of discrete angles.

Sustainable juice evaporation unit selection for noncentrifugal sugar production by multicriteria evaluation methods

AbstractIn the conventional practice of producing noncentrifugal sugar (NCS), many technologies are available for juice evaporation, all of which may not be sustainable. The sustainability of these units is dependent on multiple criteria belonging to resources, technical, economic, process‐output, and environmental parameters. This paper presents the work undertaken to identify the most sustainable juice evaporation unit (to produce NCS) among 10 alternatives using three multicriteria evaluation (MCE) techniques, namely TOPSIS, PROMETHEE II, and VIKOR. The analyses were based on 11 evaluation criteria covering four sustainability elements. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight approaches were used to assess the importance of each criterion for the ranking of evaporation units. The necessary data were obtained from three different decision‐maker groups, namely academics and sustainability promoters, NCS manufacturers, and NCS plant suppliers. The resulting criteria weights indicate that capital cost (with AHP analysis based weights as 16.81, 12.51, 15.30% for decision‐makers groups I, II, III, and a weight of 23.28% from entropy method) is found to be the most crucial criterion. With assessment values of 0.741, 0.186, and 0.048 in TOPSIS, PROMETHEE II, and VIKOR, respectively, “single pan with the improved furnace” emerged to be the most sustainable option. This result is also substantiated by a group priority index of 1.08 obtained through the geometric mean method of analysis. This suggests that “single pan with the improved furnace” is the most sustainable one for NCS production. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses undertaken indicate that “single pan with the improved furnace” is most and least sensitive to “greenhouse emissions” and “process time,” respectively. With these outcomes, this paper demonstrates that the methodology adopted herein could be considered for assessing the sustainability of other process units involved in NCS production.Practical ApplicationsIn the conventional practice of producing NCS, there are various technologies available for the evaporation of juice. This paper narrates the MCE‐based work to identify a sustainable juice evaporation unit. It can be suggested that the most sustainable unit is “single pan with improved furnace” and the least sustainable is “multi‐effect evaporator.” The results of the present analysis suggested that the use of the other nine units for the production of NCS is to be subjected to thorough scrutiny, specifically regarding their sustainability. The methodology taken up for this analysis could be extended for other subprocesses in the NCS production process line to get the most sustainable process line.

Dynamic Profiling of β-Coronavirus 3CL Mpro Protease Ligand-Binding Sites.

β-coronavirus (CoVs) alone has been responsible for three major global outbreaks in the 21st century. The current crisis has led to an urgent requirement to develop therapeutics. Even though a number of vaccines are available, alternative strategies targeting essential viral components are required as a backup against the emergence of lethal viral variants. One such target is the main protease (Mpro) that plays an indispensable role in viral replication. The availability of over 270 Mpro X-ray structures in complex with inhibitors provides unique insights into ligand–protein interactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive comparison of all nonredundant ligand-binding sites available for SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV Mpro. Extensive adaptive sampling has been used to investigate structural conservation of ligand-binding sites using Markov state models (MSMs) and compare conformational dynamics employing convolutional variational auto-encoder-based deep learning. Our results indicate that not all ligand-binding sites are dynamically conserved despite high sequence and structural conservation across β-CoV homologs. This highlights the complexity in targeting all three Mpro enzymes with a single pan inhibitor.

Scalability Analysis of Privacy Enabled IPv6 Addressing Protocol for Duty Cycled 6LoWPAN

Background: The privacy enabled IPv6 addressing mechanism ensures the privacy of the node's identification in the communication messages. It makes it difficult for adversaries to track nodes and link any activities with the node's IP or the MAC address. Scalability of the privacy enabled IPv6 addressing scheme for 6LoWPAN may be affected due to underlying MAC layer mechanisms. Objective: Hence, this study aims to explore such an impact. Methods: Addressing scheme is implemented in the Contiki operating system which uses duty cycling at the MAC layer along with the CSMA channel access mechanism. ContikiMAC and CXMAC are widely used duty cycling protocols in Contiki. An analytical study is presented in this paper, which analyses the IPv6 address configuration delay with ContikiMAC and CXMAC. Simulation is performed to corroborate the presented analytical model. The address configuration latency limits the scalability of the network. Hence, this paper studies the impact of duty cycling of the nodes on the address configuration latency and estimates the size of a single hop PAN. Results & Conclusion: It is observed that the ContikiMAC duty cycling protocol can achieve better performance compared to the CXMAC protocol in terms of address configuration latency. In order to make up for the delay due to duty cycling, the network can be divided into multiple PANs of smaller sizes where the addressing process runs simultaneously.

Ruby’s Oyster Dressing, or Edible Nostalgia

Ruby’s Oyster Dressing, or Edible Nostalgia

Trajectory and image-based detection and identification of UAV

Much more attentions have been attracted to the inspection and prevention of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the wake of increasing high frequency of security accident. Many factors like the interferences and the small fuselage of UAV pose challenges to the timely detection of the UAV. In our work, we present a system that is capable of detecting, recognizing, and tracking an UAV using single camera automatically. For our method, a single pan–tilt–zoom (PTZ) camera detects flying objects and gets their trajectories; then, the trajectory identified as a UAV guides the camera and PTZ to capture the detailed region image of the target. Therefore, the images can be classified into the UAV and interference classes (such as birds) by the convolution neural network classifier trained with our image dataset. For the target recognized as a UAV with the double verification, the radio jammer emits the interferential radio to disturb its control radio and GPS. This system could be applied in some complex environment where many birds and UAV appear simultaneously.

Robust implementations of the 3D-EDFM algorithm for reservoir simulation with complicated hydraulic fractures

The geometry of the subsurface hydraulic fracture is complicated which deviates from the conventional single pan shape. It can be in multi-wing shape by the formation heterogeneity and/or 3D fracture networks caused by the pre-exising natural fractures. Effective and flexible handling of hydraulic fractures is crucial for the reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs. In this paper, we discuss the robust implementations of the 3D-EDFM algorithm, which is applicable to numerical simulation of fluid flow in unconventional reservoirs with complicated, arbitrary 3D hydraulic fracture networks.Key features of this 3D-EDFM methodology consist of vertex-based geometric calculations, and polygons with three to six vertices from box-plane intersections can be captured with this algorithm. The 3D-EDFM has been implemented in reservoir simulators via the integral finite difference (IFD) method. Its numerical scheme and implementation are verified by comparisons with analytical solutions and other established numerical solutions. This method not only provides an effective approach of handling realistic hydraulic fractures, but also significantly improves computational efficiency, while keeping sufficient accuracy. For some extreme cases that the transient state flow lasts long (i.e., large-size matrix blocks with extremely low permeability), our numerical analysis indicates only one level of local grid refinement (LGR) is needed to retain the required accuracy. We also provide an analytical-solution based method to optimize this LGR grid size if needed.This enhanced method is able to handle multiple 3D hydraulic fractures with arbitrary strikes and dip angles, shapes, curvatures, conductivities, and connections. Therefore, the 3D-EDFM provides great flexibility to handle hydraulic-fracture input data, interpreted from geomechanics modelings as well as microseismic data, for reservoir simulation. We present illustrative application examples for three unconventional reservoir engineering problems of interest in practice: (1) a single fracture with a complicated shape due to multi-layer geological features, (2) multiple isolated fractures with curvatures due to the stress shadow effect, and (3) multiple fractures with complicated orientations caused by natural fracture interactions. The 3D-EDFM is demonstrated to capture all the key flow patterns dominated by the discrete fractures in these three cases.

New Depth From Focus Filters in Active Monocular Vision Systems for Indoor 3-D Tracking

In this paper, new methodologies for the estimation of the depth of a target with unknown dimensions, based on depth from focus strategies, are proposed. The measurements are extracted from images acquired with a single camera, resorting to the minimization of a new functional, deeply rooted on the optical characteristics of the lens system. The analysis and synthesis of two complementary filters and a linear parametrically varying observer are discussed in detail. These estimators use information present on the boundary of the target, which is assumed to be on a plane parallel to the camera sensor, and whose dimensions are considered to remain constant over time. This paper complements a single pan and tilt camera-based indoor positioning and tracking system. To assess the performance of the proposed solutions, a series of indoor experimental tests for a range of operation of up to ten meters, which included tracking and localizing a small unmanned aerial vehicle with unknown dimensions, was carried out. Depth estimates with accuracies on the order of a few centimeters were obtained.

Prior CT imaging history for patients who undergo PAN CT for acute traumatic injury.

Objective. A single PAN scan may provide more radiation to a patient than is felt to be safe within a one-year period. Our objective was to determine how many patients admitted to the trauma service following a PAN scan had prior CT imaging within our six-hospital system.Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected trauma registry. The study was based at a level-two trauma center and five affiliated hospitals, which comprise 70.6% of all Emergency Department visits within a twelve county region of southern Texas. Electronic medical records were reviewed dating from the point of trauma evaluation back to December 5, 2005 to determine evidence of prior CT imaging.Results. There were 867 patients were admitted to the trauma service between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. 460 (53%) received a PAN scan and were included in the study group. The mean age of the study group was 37.7 ± 1.54 years old, 24.8% were female, and the mean ISS score was 13.4 ± 1.07. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (47%). 65 (14%; 95% CI [11–18]%) of the patients had at least one prior CT. The most common prior studies performed were: CT head (29%; 19–42%), CT Face (29%; 19–42%) and CT Abdomen and Pelvis (18%; 11–30%).Conclusion. Within our trauma registry, 14% of patients had prior CT imaging within our hospital system before their traumatic event and PAN scan.

Non-myopic information theoretic sensor management of a single pan–tilt–zoom camera for multiple object detection and tracking

Automatic multiple object tracking with a single pan–tilt–zoom (PTZ) cameras is a hard task, with few approaches in the literature, most of them proposing simplistic scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel PTZ camera management framework in which at each time step, the next camera pose (pan, tilt, focal length) is chosen to support multiple object tracking. The policy can be myopic or non-myopic, where the former analyzes exclusively the current frame for deciding the next camera pose, while the latter takes into account plausible future target displacements and camera poses, through a multiple look-ahead optimization. In both cases, occlusions, a variable number of subjects and genuine pedestrian detectors are taken into account, for the first time in the literature. Convincing comparative results on synthetic data, realistic simulations and real trials validate our proposal, showing that non-myopic strategies are particularly suited for a PTZ camera management.

Comparison between Prediction of Liquid Fraction versus Temperature and Experimental Results from DSC and SPSC

The processing window is important for the semisolid processability of alloys. This study focusses on the kinetics of diffusion. It compares prediction of fraction liquid versus temperature taking into account both thermodynamic and kinetics, with experimental results from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Single Pan Scanning Calorimetry (SPSC). SPSC is a novel technique with an order of magnitude higher accuracy than DSC. A range of Al-Si binary alloys has been investigated. The studies reveal that the simulation results predicted by DICTRA (DIffusion-Controlled TRAnsformations) show the same pattern with experimental results in the relationship of fraction liquid-temperature. However, the SPSC results are closer to the prediction results than DSC curves even with the relatively large sample size associated with SPSC. This is potentially a significant result as conventionally one of the difficulties is predicting the liquid fraction versus temperature for the heating of a billet for semi-solid processing. DSC results are known to be unrepresentative because the heating rates which can be achieved in DSC are much lower than those in induction heating. In addition, the DSC results are dependent on sample size and heating rate. The long term aim is to gain confidence in prediction with software packages which will reduce trial and error.

Dynamic mechanical characterization for nonlinear behavior of single carbon fibers

In the work presented here, small amplitude in-situ dynamic loads are superimposed onto quasi-static tensile tests, to obtain storage and loss modulus as a function of global strain for deforming single PAN carbon fibers. This technique allows for the measurement of carbon fiber modulus at unprecedented resolution without the need for compliance correction, which is difficult to implement as carbon fibers have a non-linear modulus dependency with strain. The relationship of the elastic modulus with strain is quantified to evaluate the single fiber nonlinearity during extension. Fibers with initially higher modulus are shown to have greater nonlinear dependency on strain amplitude, even for fibers taken from the identical tow. The strong correlation between tensile modulus with strain and its initial modulus indicates that the measured mechanical properties describe a fundamental structure of carbon fibers.

New Ursane Glycoside from the Roots of Asparagus racemosus

All the chemicals and reagents were obtained from SDFine Chemicals and were of analytical grade. Sodium sulphatewas used as drying agent for various solvents used to run thecolumn. All the weighings were done on a single pan metlerbalance. Melting points were determined on microcontrollerbased, digital, automatic-photosensing MEPA melting pointapparatus (LAB INDIA). Ultr aviolet spectra were recorded onLambda bio 20 spectrometer in methanol. Infrared spectra wererecorded on Biored FT IR spectrophotometer using KBr pelletsand CCl

Numerical Solution of Heat Transfer for Single and Multi-Metal Pan

The quantity and quality of heat transfer to food are important factors in cookware. They depend on temperature degree and Temperature Distribution (TD) on top surface of pan that is exposed to food. The heat is not uniformly spread over the pan so is appeared hot spots on the cooking surface. Using Multi-Layer Plate (MLP) causes regular TD on the top while bottom heated irregularly. Another significant properties in cookware is that how long it can stores heat and using non-reactive materials is another essentially consideration. In this study the main objective is to find the best structure (single or multi-layer) and the best metals to provide maximum temperature and uniform TD upside surface of pan and also analyzing transient behavior of used materials with goal of improving the thermal quality of pan to economize the energy. To achieve this aim were employed Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis has been extended for Copper, Aluminum, Titanium, Stainless Steel in composite form and Grey cast iron, Iron, Carbon steel as single layer, we achieved the best TD on Cu/Ti MLP.

A novel two-nozzle electrospinning process for preparing microfiber reinforced pH-sensitive nano-membrane with enhanced mechanical property

A novel pH sensitive membrane (pHS-M) with mechanical integrity is synthesized firstly by two nozzles electrospining in this work. We report an excellent strategy here to combine indicative nanofiber from 9% PAN solution and micro-sized fibers from 20% PA-66 solution homogeneously in one electrospinning setup. The pH indicative property of electrospun sheet can be achieved by PAN nanofibers that first aminating with ethylenediamine and then immobilizing phenolphthalein covalently through a Mannich reaction, while micro-sized PA-66 fibers are responsible for the improvement of mechanical property of electrospun mat due to their elastic and flexible behavior. The composite membrane was characterized by SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy. Results show that two kinds of pH sensitive membranes (single PAN nanofibers (pHS-NF) or composite PAN/PA-66 fiber (pHS-CF)) all exhibited remarkable color change from pale yellow to violet in a wide range of alkaline solution and rapid response time within 100 s. But after added of microfiber, the tensile strength was enhanced from 1.3 MPa to 6.90 MPa prominently which is beneficial to put the membrane into practice.