Single Jersey Fabrics Research Articles

Investigation on Geometric and Dimensional Properties of Cotton Sheath Elastomeric Core Spun Yarn Single Jersey and Popcorn Jersey Fabric Structures

Investigation on Geometric and Dimensional Properties of Cotton Sheath Elastomeric Core Spun Yarn Single Jersey and Popcorn Jersey Fabric Structures

Influence of stitch length and structure on selected mechanical properties of single jersey knitted fabrics with varying cotton percentage in the yarn

In this study an attempt has been taken to find out the influence of stitch length knit structure and yarn type on the pilling and abrasion resistance of major weft knitted single jersey fabrics The knit structures were selected as Plain Polo pique Single Lacoste and Double Lacoste made from Ne Cotton PC Polyester Cotton and CVC Chief Value of Cotton yarns with varying the stitch length of mm mm mm mm and mm The results revealed that smaller stitch length promotes both pilling and abrasion properties It was also found that pilling resistance of Double Lacoste structure was the highest in all types of yarns and stitch lengths although its abrasion resistance was the lowest Moreover the fabrics made from cotton yarns had better pilling performance than blended yarns but its abrasion resistance was the lowest among them

Comparative Enactment of Fluorocarbon-free and Fluorocarbon-based Water Repellent Finishes on Cotton Single Jersey Fabrics

In this study, single jersey derivatives of knit fabric were taken to evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabrics properties. Here, polo pique and single jersey knit structured fabrics were treated with different types of water repellent chemicals at different formulations. The levels of water repellency of the fabrics were measured in accordance with ISO 4920:2012spray rating test method. To assess the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength test according to ASTM (D 3786-87) method, color fastness to wash according to ISO- 105/ C06-C2S method, color fastness to water with ISO 105-E01 method and color fastness to rubbing with ISO-105-X 12 method were done. The results showed that the water repellent finish type and concentration were very important parameters to obtain water repellent fabrics with desirable properties.

Spirality in Knitted Fabric

Knit wear industry is growing at a faster rate across the globe and technological innovations contribute a lot in the success of industry. Knitted cotton fabric is considered ideal for next-toskin wear. Knit wear fabrics are popular because of their excellent properties of comfort, softness, sweat absorption, durability and softness. The dimensional stability is a serious problem with reference to quality. Quality of the fabric is of prime concern in placement of new ties between buyers and manufacturers. Consumers, now days, are becoming increasingly concerned and aware of fabric quality and accept higher quality standards than ever before. Pakistan’s knit wear industry is lagging behind the world knitting industry due to its less command and control over quality awareness and implementation of quality standards. Various defects in knitted fabrics affect the quality but spirality is the most common fault that affects the single jersey knit wear fabric. Single jersey fabric is mostly used for T-Shirts, sports wears and under garments, so position of seam is very important in the exact shape of the product, more is spirality, more de shaped is the end product.

Knit Fabric Scouring with Soapnut: A Sustainable Approach Towards Textile Pre-Treatment

Detergent contains amphiphilic molecules which diminish the surface tension of water and are widely used for industrial purpose especially during the pretreatment of fabric. When the wastewater containing industrial detergent is discharged into different water sources, it may cause detrimental effect to the aquatic environment. This research paper focuses on the comparative study of natural detergent (soapnut/reetha) and synthetic detergent in case of 100% cotton single jersey knit fabric. Experiments were done using the different concentration of soapnut and at 10% soapnut concentration, weight loss percentage and absorbency of natural detergent scoured fabric were found almost similar to that of fabric scoured with the synthetic detergent. Moreover, bursting strength of fabric scoured with soapnut was found higher than that of synthetic detergent scoured fabric. The result derived from the experiment suggest that soapnut has remarkable detergency properties and can be used as an environment-friendly alternative to synthetic detergent.

Effect of Knitted Structures and Yarn Count on the Properties of Weft Knitted Fabrics

This paper is focused on change in shrinkage, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch due to structure and count variation and state variation. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey, single lacoste and weft lock knit fabrics of different counts which were scoured with NaOH. After pretreatment process the samples were tested for widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch and compared between different states like grey state and finished state. The result obtained in this research indicated that physical properties like structures with tuck stitch possess higher value of widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM and Wales per Inch and Course per Inch value lowers prominently in those structures having float or miss stitches. In both cases i.e. grey state and RFD state values of those properties are high in coarser yarn and low in finer yarn. During project knitted fabrics specification along with machine specification and major factors which are necessary to calculate different types of variation and variables on which the whole fabric construction depends were managed to watch carefully. Main efforts were to develop a dependable way so that the resulting fabric specifications with required configuration can be easily visualized and be forecasted. A great emphasization was provided to the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width and shrinkage percentage directly or indirectly depends.

Handfeel of Single Jersey Fabrics as Assessed by a New Physical Method

Hand feel of fabrics made of cotton, polyester and wood-based cellulose fibers lyocell, modal and viscose was assessed by Fabric Touch Tester (FTT), Tissue Softness Analyzer (TSA), ring pullthrough and PhabrOmeter® and compared with human handfeel ranking. Additionally, the effect of repeated washing and drying on fabric handfeel was investigated by TSA. TSA ranking of softness and smoothness corresponded to the rankings by other direct physical methods as well as with human handfeel. Fabrics made from wood-based cellulosic fibers especially modal types showed better handfeel results than cotton even after repeated washing cycles. A divergence between physical and human assessment was observed on polyester.

Antifungal activity of fabrics knitted by metalized Silver/Polyester composite yarn

In this study, antifungal properties of fabric knitted from metalized silver/polyester composite yarn were investigated. Intermingling is an alternative technique for yarn blending process. Yarns having different features can be combined by feeding the same intermingling jet. This process is defined as commingling. In the study, intermingling process was used to produce metalized silver/polyester composite yarn. Commingled yarns were knitted to single jersey fabrics by IPM brand sample type circular knitting machine. Antifungal activity test was applied to samples against Aspergillus Niger according to AATCC 30 test procedure. It has been identified that the application provides antifungal activity to fabric.

Evaluating the effect of spinning systems on thermal comfort properties of modal fabrics

In recent years the importance of clothing comfort became one of the most important feature of the fabrics. The aim of this study is to characterize thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics were knitted using 100% modal yarns which were spun in various types of yarn spinning methods such as ring spinning, compact spinning, rotor spinning and airjet spinning. Thermal comfort properties like air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity and water vapour permeability of fabrics were tested. The results indicate that compact spinning technology will be appropriate for the summer climate casual wear.

Artificial Neural Network System for Prediction of Dimensional Properties of Cloth in Garment Manufacturing: Case Study on a T-Shirt

The purpose of the present study was to estimate dimensional measure properties of T-shirts made up of Single Jersey and interlock fabrics through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To that end, 72 different types of t-shirts were manufactured under 2 different fabric groups, each was consisting of 2 groups: one with elastane and the other without. Each of these groups were manufactured from six different materials in three different densities through two different knitting techniques of single jersey and interlock. For estimation of dimensional changes in these T-shirts, models including feed-forward, back-propagated, the momentum learning rule and sigmoid transfer function were utilized. As a result of the present study, the ANN system was found to be successful in estimation of pattern measures of garments. The prediction of dimensional properties produced by the neural network model proved to be highly reliable (R2> 0.99).

Permeability properties of single jersey fabrics made of hollow yarns

In this work effect of using hollow yarns on the permeability properties of the single jersey knitted fabrics were studied. Firstly yarns were produced by ring spinning machine using cotton, viscose and acrylic fibres in the mantle and water soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre in the core. Single jersey fabrics were knitted and PVA core was removed subsequently by washing process to create hollow yarn. Weight, air permeability and water transmission rate properties of fabrics were measured before and after washing and compared with reference fabrics. Due to the removal of PVA fibres from the yarn core after washing treatment, air permeability and water vapour transmission rate of the all kind of single jersey fabrics which were produced with hollow yarns increased as well as weight of the fabrics decreased which will cause more comfort during any exercise. It was also found that mantle fibre type and PVA ratio have significant effect on the fabric properties.

The effect of knit structures with tuck stitches on fabric properties and pilling resistance

The patterns of knit fabrics are designed by loops, tuck stitches, and float stitches and their combinations. The tuck stitch has important influences on fabric properties. It increases the fabric’s weight, thickness, and width and makes the fabric more porous than other fabrics. In this study, to determine the effects of knit structures which are made from the same cotton yarn with tuck stitches on fabric properties and pilling resistance, circular knit fabrics with different locations and number of tuck stitches were produced and dyed under the same conditions. In the evaluation process of the results, graphs were drawn and variance analyses were performed. At the end of the study, important findings were determined. The number and location of the tuck stitches and stitch length are effective factors on the structural, physical properties and the pilling resistance of knit fabrics. The fabrics with tuck stitches have much higher porosity, weight, and thickness compared to single jersey fabric. The dyeing process increases fabric weight. Single jersey has the lowest pilling resistance in comparison to fabrics having tuck stitches. The fabrics having more pores and larger pores show higher resistance to pilling. Dyeing and finishing processes decreased the pilling resistance of fabrics.

Understanding the influence of fibre, yarn and fabric parameters on UV protection of wool-knitted fabrics

This work investigated the influence of fibre, yarn and fabric parameters on the UV protection of fabrics. It proposed a model for UV interaction based on a theoretical hypothesis, targeted experimentation and statistical analysis. Undyed and untreated wool-knitted fabrics with varying mean fibre diameter, yarn linear density, yarn twist, fabric cover factor and fabric structure were examined. A statistical model was presented to report the relationship between fibre/yarn/fabric parameters and fabric UPF values. An optical model on the interaction between the UV light and a single jersey fabric was constructed to understand the penetration of UV light. The models were verified by the UV transmittance results of knitted wool fabrics. The results obtained from the statistical and optical models were used to propose a set of optimized parameters for lightweight summer/spring UV-protective knitted fabrics. Testing confirmed that these fabric parameters provided both high UV protection and good tactile comfort.

Characterization of functional single jersey knitted fabrics using non-conventional yarns for sportswear

Eight functional single jersey plain knitted fabrics have been developed in order to assess a quantitative analysis of various comfort-related properties in terms of thermal control, air and water vapor permeability, wickability, coefficient of kinetic friction and antimicrobial efficiency, using eight different commercially available functional yarns: Polyester Craque® and viscose Craque® conventional yarns as controls; Finecool® and Coolmax® polyester yarns for moisture management and quick drying; Holofiber® polyester yarns containing an optical responsive material that the producer claims to improve body oxygenation; Airclo® polyester hollow yarns for efficient control of body temperature; and, finally, polyester Trevira® and viscose Seacell® for antimicrobial activity. According to the results, Coolmax® for moisture management, Airclo® for thermal control and Seacell® for antimicrobial activity present the best performances as technical textiles for sportswear for the respective specific functional property.

Physical and Thermal Comfort Properties of Viscose Fabrics made from Vortex and Ring Spun Yarns

Viscose fiber is frequently preferred for various types of inner and outer knitwear products for its comfort and visual characteristics. In this study, the physical and thermal comfort properties of viscose fabrics made from ring and vortex yarns have been studied to explore the impact of spinning process on fabric properties. 100% viscose fibers were spun into yarns by ring and vortex spinning and the developed yarns were converted to single jersey fabrics. The results indicated that fabrics made from vortex spun yarns had better pilling resistance over that of those from ring spun yarns. There was no significant difference between bursting strength values of vortex and ring spun yarn fabrics. Fabrics made from ring yarn had better dimensional stability compared to fabrics made from vortex yarn. The air permeability and water vapour permeability of vortex yarn fabrics were higher than ring spun yarn fabrics. The vortex yarn fabrics had better thermal comfort properties compared to ring yarn fabrics.

Finite element simulation of ballistic impact on single jersey knit fabric

Knitted fabrics are constructed from interlocking loops of yarn. Curvature in the yarn provides stretchability, making them well suited for garments that will cover areas of the body that require large relative motion. Although most current soft armors are composed of woven textiles, knitted fabrics made of aramid fibers such as Kevlar may have application for use in soft armor to provide a larger range of motion in addition to protection. However, their ballistic performance has not been well characterized. The goal of this work is to develop a computational framework to simulate a single jersey knit under ballistic loading. The path and shape of the yarn in the knit fabric is defined with parametric equations calibrated to CT images of a sample fabric. Results of finite element simulations demonstrate the unique mechanical response of knit soft armor, and show qualitative agreement with ballistic experiments.

Improvement of Ecofriendly and Antibacterial Behaviors on Blended Knit Fabrics

Yarns (30/1 Ne) consisting of four different fibers were produced in different blends and knitted into single jersey fabrics. Antibacterial properties, water retention capacity, hydrophilicity, whiteness, and yellowness values of these fabrics were tested. Chitosan or lyocell fibers were added in mixtures, increasing the antibacterial activity, hydrophilicity, and water retention capacity of the resulting fabrics. Whiteness values of knitted fabrics produced from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and lyocell fibers were quite high. Water retention capacity and hydrophilicity of these fabrics were better when compared to fabrics that included greige cotton fibers.

Investigating the Influence of Weft Knitting Parameters on Physical and Mechanical Fabric Characteristics.

The testing of knitting fabrics before being used in the garment industry is an issue of great importance to improve the quality of the final product. This research aims tostudy the effect of knitting variables, eg. Fabric structure, loop length, yarn count, and yarn material on thickness, bursting strength and air permeability of some weft knitted fabrics. For this purpose three knitted structures (single jersey, rib1×1, interlock 1×1) were knitted with two levels of loop lengths, two yarn counts, and two different yarn material ( cotton100%, cotton polyester 50/50)for each structure to produce twenty –four samples; eight samples for each structure. The findings of this study revealed that thickness and bursting strength values for interlock fabrics is generally higher than rib fabrics, and both of them are higher than single jersey fabrics,It was found that the fabrics with the same structure knitted with cotton-polyester yarns shows high bursting strength values more than the fabrics knitted with cotton yarns . It was also found that the fabrics with the same structure knitted using short loop length are thicker and gives higher fabric bursting strength values and air permeability of the fabric decreased remarkably. For the yarn count the fabrics knitted with finer yarn count are thinner, gives the lowest fabric bursting strength value while air permeability of the fabric increased. This research helpsgarments manufacturing to understand the nature of weft knitted fabrics and factors that are affected by these fabrics, which can be controlled to select a suitable raw material for the final product.

A Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers

Products that are produced by various industries such as agriculture, food, mining, chemistry, and textile cannot meet the needs of humankind since the world's population continues to grow exponentially. Furthermore, the reduction in natural resources forced researchers to produce new synthetic products by utilization of technology and led them to study recycling of existing natural resources. This study compares some properties of yarns and fabrics produced by virgin and recycled polyester and cotton fibers. Virgin cotton, recycled cotton, virgin polyester, recycled polyester fibers, and blends of these fibers were used to manufacture open end rotor yarns. Single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Physical properties of yarns and fabrics such as tensile strength, unevenness, yarn imperfections, burst strength, pilling and coefficient of kinetic friction were measured and statistically compared. Although generally the properties of yarns and fabrics produced from virgin fibers were better than that of produced from recycled fibers, producing textile products with optimum quality is stressed in this study.

Analysis of Knitting Process Variables and Yarn Count Influencing the Thermo-physiological Comfort Properties of Single Jersey and Rib Fabrics

In this paper, an investigation has been made to study the effect of yarn count and various knitting parameters, namely loop length, carriage speed and yarn input tension on thermo-physiological comfort properties like air permeability, thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity. An orthogonal block Box and Behnken experimental design has been used to conduct the study. Analyses of the results show that yarn count and loop length have significant influence on the fabric thermo-physiological comfort properties. Yarn input tension and carriage speed have no significant impact on the fabric comfort.