Single Jersey Fabrics Research Articles

Bursting Strength of Core Spun Cotton/Spandex Single Jersey and 1×1 Rib Knitted Fabrics

This research work investigates the bursting strength of core spun cotton/spandex and 100 % cotton, single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics, made with low, medium and high fabric tightness factors obtained using three machine set stitch lengths. These knitted fabric samples were relaxed under the dry relaxation to full relaxation and further relaxation up to 5th washing cycle treatments. For wash relaxation treatments, full relaxed samples were used. Course and wale densities, stitch densities, fabric thickness and bursting strength of the samples were measured at the end of each relaxation stage. Thus, before commencing the dry relaxation treatment, machine off stitch lengths of samples were also measured. It was found that, structural parameters, and fabric thickness increased with the progression of relaxation of fabrics and they depend on the fabric tightness factor (stitch length−1). Single jersey and 1×1 rib cotton/spandex knitted fabrics showed higher structural parameter values and higher fabric thicknesses than similar types of structures produced with cotton knitted fabrics at each of the relaxation treatments, even though they had the same machine set stitch lengths. Also, cotton and cotton/spandex 1×1 rib fabrics gave higher structural parameter values than their single jersey fabrics. Cotton single jersey and 1×1 rib fabrics gave comparatively higher bursting strengths than their cotton/spandex fabrics and bursting strength has gradually increased with progressing of relaxation treatments done. However, bursting strength of cotton/spandex 1×1 rib fabrics has gradually decreased with progressing of relaxation treatments, due to their longer tumble drying duration, where as cotton/spandex single jersey fabrics showed an increasing tendency of bursting strength under progressing of treatments, due to the lower tumble drying duration applied than their 1×1 rib fabrics. It was also found that the fabric tightness factor or stitch length, relaxation states of single jersey and 1×1 rib fabrics, fiber content of the yarns in these knitted fabrics and knitted structure type are significantly effect on structural parameters such as course and wale density and stitch density, fabric thickness and bursting strength of these tested knitted fabrics, under the 95 % significant level. In addition, the fiber content and the structure type are very important to consider for the bursting strength of knitted fabrics, when these knitted fabrics are subjected to tumbler drying. Thus, yarn strength can give a significant effect on bursting strength of these knitted fabrics.

Characterization the Properties of Blended Single Jersey Fabrics using Different Microfiber Yarn Cross-sections and Gauges Machine

Since the last few decades, a development of new types of fibers were appeared in order to improve the mechanical properties of fabrics besides its comfort properties, Cotton material was used as a blended material to enhance the properties of the manufactured products. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of different polyester yarn cross-section and gauges on the mechanical properties of blended knitted samples. In this study two groups of knitted samples were manufactured, using gauge 24 and gauge 20, the samples were implemented with single jersey knitted structure by two different polyester microfiber cross-sections and blended cotton ratio. Some of mechanical properties were carried out for all samples such as air permeability, spray test, bursting strength and roughness. The result values recorded and tabulated, as well as statistically analysis using ANOVA Two-way Measurements were executed. The results illustrate that tests properties of blended knitted samples were significantly affected by variables except the spray test. In the same context the results clarify that trilobal cross-section improves UPF property for knitted samples. Finally, due to study the performance of each sample the radar chart was occurred, as the results revealed that Polyester Trilobal samples recorded the best sample radar area with different gauges.

Investigation of the Influence of Stretch on the Air Permeability of Knitted Fabric: Effect of Loop Length

Most of the time, a certain degree of stretch prominently and incrementally occurs in intimate wear, leisure wear, sportswear, medical textiles etc., during their action. Variations in the stretch gradient would definitely cause changes in the air permeability of knitted fabrics. The influence of variables such as loop length, the presence of an elastomeric component and fabric structure on the air permeability of cotton single jersey and pique knitted fabrics in a stretched state was critically analysed. In this work, changes in the air permeability of cotton jersey samples with and without elastomer were investigated and reported by keeping the samples in static up to an incremental stretch of 40% at a rate of 10% of the stretch gradient, in a dry relaxed state, wet relaxed state and fully relaxed state.

Effect of yarn count and loop length on needle penetration force and needle cut index in single jersey fabrics

The present study embodies the sewability of single jersey knitted fabric based on needle penetration force and needle cut index. Four types of single jersey fabric, viz. 100% cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester/lycra, and cotton/lycra, are taken for investigation. The materials are prepared on circular knitting machine by varying the yarn count and loop length. The influence of various parameters, viz. type of fibre, yarn count and loop length, on needle penetration force and needle cut index have been analyzed. In addition, the influence of seam direction on the needle cut index is also studied. A 3 _ level factorial design is employed to analyse the influence of there parameters. The statistical analysis shows that yarn count and loop length has a significant effect on needle penetration force and needle cut index. It has been observed that in all single jersey knitted fabrics, cotton-lycra and polyester-lycra half plated fabrics have higher value of needle penetration force than cotton and polyester/cotton. The test results also show that for both coarser yarn and finer yarn count, longer loop length gives a lower value of needle penetration force. The needle cut index decreases with increase in the yarn count and loop length. Also it is observed that, the needle cut index is more in wale direction as compared to that in course direction. It is also concluded that cotton fabric samples are more susceptible to needle damages as compared to their counterparts.

Determining the deformation properties of jacquard single jersey for pattern designing dresses, by the percentage of Elastane in the yarn

The article presents a method for determining for deformation properties of knitted fabrics in the process of pattern making of women’s outerwear, by the percentage of elastomeric threads in their composition. To develop the method, a study of the deformation properties of a group of jacquard single jersey fabrics was performed, depending on their content of elastomeric threads. A model for their determination in the process of clothing design pattern through reduction factors is proposed. The dependence on the reduction factors and the percentage of elastomeric threads in the composition of the knitted fabrics was studied. Strong statistically significant dependences were found. Using the method of linear regression, mathematical models have been developed, by which the reduction factor is determined on the basis of the percentage of elastomeric threads in the knitted fabrics. The obtained results are applied to improve the methodology for pattern designing women’s dresses.

Investigation of thermal comfort properties of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane fiber coated knitted fabrics for wind‐resistant clothing

AbstractThe integration of nanofibers into conventional fabrics may open up new opportunities such as improving the comfort performance and thermal management properties of outdoor clothing. Nanofibers are able to form a highly porous mesh and their large surface‐to‐volume ratio improves performance for many applications. This study shows the possible utility of the nanofiber coating on conventional knitted fabrics for improving the wind‐resistance and breathability properties. It was seen that nanofiber coating did not cause a significant effect on water vapor and thermal resistance of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber coated cotton (CO), modal (CMD), viscose (CV), and lyocell (CLY) single jersey fabrics, while resistance to air permeability was increased with the increased nanofiber coating. High level of air resistance was achieved with 30 min of coating. In terms of comfort properties, the nanofiber coating proved to be advantageous due to its lower air permeability with its water vapor permeable structure. However, thermal insulation level of these fabrics was still low and fragile nanofiber layer needed to be protected. Therefore, a multi‐layered fabric form was derived from combination of cotton and lyocell fabrics with a nanofiber layer. The results showed that nanofibers could be used to improve the wind‐resistance and comfort properties of multi‐layered knitted structures.

Monitoring of the Time and Action Calendar of a T-shirt Manufacturing

This study was calculated to investigate the time and action (TNA) plan of a T-shirt manufacturing. A time and action calendar determine the final date/time in which the main activities of an order should be against a scheduled distribution window. To ensure timely supply within a specific delivery date of buyers in the knit garments industry, Time and Action Calendar or TNA, a popular tool that is used for tracking and following up in preproduction processes. The acquaintance about the TNA plan will also help to organize the production time-efficient manner that is better production on lead time from buyers. Creating a TNA The calendar doesn't just flow the name and duration of the activity; It’s also about technically The duration of the activity works, understandably determining the foregoing and subsequent activities. TNA is the table of activities of specific order and Process flow Sort by the table of tasks that require to be finished. The two key important dates are the cut-off date (PCD) and the ex-factory date as per the TNA plan. TNA largely turned on the order, the prerequisites of the machine, and the specific approach flow of available yield capacity. TNA plan is measured by the time frame which is related to buyers' lead time to export a particular order. The TNA obtained by taking it the requisition of 8101 pieces of a basic t-shirt, made out of 95% cotton and 5% elastane 160 GSM single jersey fabrics. The order is for SS 2019 and the buyer is GAP, delivery date October 8, 2019, and shipment at New York, USA.

A study of curling in rib-knit constructions

Rib-knit fabrics are among the fundamental structures which can be produced on the double-bed knitting machine. Ribs are very popular textiles because of certain crucial properties, i.e. extensive shrinkage in width and dimensional stability of the structure, which are not observed in the single jersey fabrics. In this study, an analysis of the physical and the mechanical properties of balanced rib-knitted fabrics has been presented. The loop structure and dimensions were also quantified. To explain the properties of rib-knitted fabrics, we have proposed and employed the phenomenon of curling. In rib-knitted fabrics, curling happens in the local regions of the fabric. Higher rib structures exhibited greater curling tendencies. Consequently, a novel method of quantification of the curling in ribs was proposed, i.e. the concept of ‘de-curling energy’. This proposed notion of de-curling energy was found to be applicable to all fabric designs. The experimental results were found to be coherent with the proposed theory.

Performance analysis of spandex incorporated single jersey fabrics for sportswear

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to substantiate the effects of spandex on the properties of plain jersey fabric as compared to the commercial knit sports wear. Method: Three single jersey plain knitted fabric samples were produced with full feeder spandex (4.45%), half feeder spandex (2.22%), and without spandex. 34/1 Ne cotton yarn and 20D spandex were used. Standard test methods were followed to analyze the fabric properties. ASTM D 3774: 2004, ISO 6330:2012, ISO 12945-2, ISO 12947-1:1998 and ISO 13938- 1:1999 methods were used to measure the variation between cotton and cotton/spandex plain jersey fabric, different physical properties in particular GSM, width, abrasion resistance, pilling, bursting strength, and shrinkage of the specimens. Findings: The physical, dimensional, and mechanical properties of cotton/spandex plain jersey knitted fabrics were investigated. The results were compared between knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and spandex with cotton. The effect of spandex percentage was also studied. A significant effect was observed on the physical, dimensional, and mechanical behaviors of single jersey fabric. Results revealed that the GSM, shrinkage, abrasion resistance, and bursting strength increased and the width reduced with the increased amount of spandex percentage. No apparent effect on the pilling resistance was observed. Applications: The manufactured spandex incorporated knitted fabrics can be found in a wide range of applications. The main endeavor is to use for active sportswear. Keywords: Bursting strength; cotton yarn; pilling resistance; spandex; single jersey; sportswear

Investigation into the effect of fabric structure on surface temperature distribution in weft-knitted fabrics using thermal imaging technique

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the surface temperature distribution in several single and double jersey weft-knitted fabrics. Plain knitted fabrics as well as those with, double cross-tuck, cross-tuck, double cross-miss, and cross-miss pattern together with plain rib and interlock structures were under consideration in term of their structural differences. In order to investigate the temperature distribution in produced samples, all the fabrics were placed on a 35?C adjusted hot plate instrument and thermal images were captured by an infrared thermal camera. The results revealed that the presence of tuck stitches in single jersey weft-knitted fabrics increase the air permeability due to the increasing the fabrics? porosity, which in turn leads to decrease their thermal resistance as compared with plain knitted structure. On the other hand, addition of miss stitches in single jersey knitted structures would decrease the thickness of fabrics and improves their heat transfer ability. The obtained results, from rib and interlock knitted structures, suggested their lower heat conductivity in comparison to the single jersey knitted samples.

KONVANSİYONEL RİNG VE YENİ BİR MODİFİYE RİNG İPLİK EĞİRME SİSTEMİ KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN İPLİK VE KUMAŞLARIN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the properties of the yarns produced by conventional ring and a new modified ring (ProSPIN®) spinning system developed to solve the problems arising from the spinning triangle and the knitted fabrics obtained from these yarns by comparison. For this purpose, the equivalent ring and ProSPIN yarns with yarn counts Ne 20 and Ne 28 and twist coefficients αe 3,5 and αe 4,1 were produced using 100% combed cotton raw material and tensile strength, elongation, unevenness, yarn defects and hairiness of these yarns were examined. Then, single jersey fabrics were produced from these yarns and their burst strength, abrasion resistance and pilling resistance properties were examined. All test results were also evaluated statistically. As a result, 100% combed cotton ProSPIN yarns were found to have better values in general in all yarn properties than conventional ring yarns, especially in hairiness and breaking tenacity properties. When the test results of single jersey fabrics were evaluated, it was found that knitted fabrics produced using ProSPIN yarns had higher burst strength, abrasion resistance and pilling resistance values.

Investigation of the effect of cotton knitted fabric structure of babywear on moisture management properties

In recent years, baby clothing has become an important role in the garment sector. The increasing importance of baby clothing, along with the new designs, different fabric structures, accessories and clothing comfort is required to develop. Due to the increasing importance given to baby health in the world, babywears have to be manufactured from materials that are not harmful to health in accordance with the standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cotton knitted fabrics structure of babywear on moisture management properties. For this reason, moisture management properties (wetting time, absorption rate, spreading speed, accumulative one-way transport capability (OWTC) and overall moisture management capability (OMMC)) of cotton knitted fabrics of different structures which are widely used in babywear have been examined. Moisture management tester was used for liquid transport of the knitted fabric samples. As a result of the study, it is observed that single jersey fabric had higher OMMC values than these of interlock and 1x1 rib knitted fabrics. Regarding the effect of yarn thickness, liquid transport increased with decreasing yarn thickness in general. Regarding the effect of fabric weight and fabric thickness, liquid transport decreased with increasing weight and thickness in general. Negative correlations were observed between fabric weight, fabric thickness and overall moisture management capability.

A Comparison of Color Fastness Properties of Mulberry Silk and Tussah Silk Fabrics in Blends with Cellulosic Fibers

ABSTRACT Although it has been used for centuries; silk’s appearance, touch, and other high-quality properties maintain the popularity of the fiber. However, there are different types of silkworms, so different types of silk fibers are available. Other than Mulberry silk there are some others: eri, muga, tasar and tussah, which are generally deemed “wild silk”. In this study, color fastness properties of one of these wild silk fibers: tussah was investigated in comparison with mulberry silk fiber. For comparison, mulberry and tussah silk fibers were blended with cotton, viscose rayon, and modal fibers and spun using open-end rotor spinning system. After yarn productions; single jersey fabrics were knitted, pretreated and dyed. Color fastness tests were made to evaluate the performances. Results indicate that both types of silk fibers are appropriate for spinning and knitting processes and the fastness results revealed that mulberry fibers resulted with better color fastness properties in comparison with tussah silk fibers

Regression Analysis of the Effects of Yarn Counts, Stitch Lengths on Depth of Stripes of Different Single Jersey Fabrics

Fabric can be made attractive by means of ornamentation and designing. Stripe is one means by which attractive fabric can be produced which added extra values of that product. This research was to investigate the effects of yarn counts, Knit structures and Stitch Lengths on the depth of stripes. All the samples were made with 100% cotton dyed yarns. The work was done in three sections. In the first section, using a stitch length 2.8mm, three Single Jersey Plain structures were produced using different yarn counts which were 30 Ne, 28 Ne, and 26 Ne.

Moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated single jersey knitted fabrics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergic effect of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extracts treatment on the moisture management properties of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier single jersey knitted fabrics and the factors affecting it, which is intended for the development of healthcare apparel products. Design/methodology/approach The pre-treated single jersey knitted fabrics of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics were given finishing treatment with the wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extract proportions of 100%:0%, 75%:25%,50%:50%; 25%:75% and 0%:100%. The D-optimal factorial design developed using Design Expert software was used for the study. The finishing treatments were carried out using the pad−dry−cure method. The aim of the work is to find out the influence of combination herbal extract proportion, textile material and their interaction effect on the moisture management properties. Findings The ANOVA results revealed that the overall moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics are influenced by the material type, combination herbal extract proportion and the interaction between material type and the combination herbal extracts proportion. The overall moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated cotton single jersey fabrics are found to be better than that of lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics due to their excellent accumulative one-way transport capability after the finishing treatment. Among the combination herbal extract proportions, 50:50 per cent combination herbal extract proportion was found to be better than other proportions. Originality/value The study on the moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a novel attempt to explore the synergic effect of active constituents in both the herbs.

Comparison of Moisture Management Properties of Plasma Treated Single Jersey Fabric with Different Types of Polyester Yarns

In this study, the moisture management properties of plasma treated single jersey knitted fabric with different types of polyester yarns: spun polyester, continuous filament yarn and micro denier yarn with different linear densities were analysed and investigated. The moisture management properties of the same were measured using a moisture management tester. The results of the treated and untreated single jersey fabric were tested for their wetting time, absorption rate, maximum wetted radii, spreading speed, and overall moisture management capacity . It was observed that for the plasma treated fabrics, the time taken for wetting and the absorption rate of spun polyester are faster. Continuous filament polyester shows the maximum wetted radii, and the spreading speed and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) of spun polyester significantly increases when compared with untreated fabrics. The plasma treatment significantly improved the overall performance of polyester fabric.

Investigation on antimicrobial activity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of metal composite single jersey fabrics

In this study, antimicrobial and electromagnetic shielding properties of metal composite single jersey fabrics were investigated. For this purpose, stainless steel wire, copper wire, and metalized silver polyamide filament were commingled with textured polyester. The composite yarns were knitted to single jersey fabrics. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of samples was measured according to free space test method between 0.8 and 5.2 GHz frequency range. In addition, antibacterial and antifungal activity tests were performed for the overall technical characterization of composite fabrics. The effects of metal type, filament form on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and antimicrobial properties were examined. All composite fabrics showed electromagnetic shielding properties at different levels up to 35 dB in vertical direction. Fabrics including metalized multifilament yarn exhibit higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in both vertical and horizontal directions. In addition, antibacterial activity level of metalized silver polyamide and copper composite fabrics reached up to 99% against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, Aspergillus niger could not grow on these composite fabrics.

Fabric physical properties and clothing comfort

The role of fiber content regarding the textile performance and physiological and sensorial comfort attributes of single jersey fabrics, typically used in skin-near applications such as underwear, was investigated. Fabrics made of 100% lyocell and 50:50 lyocell/polyester blends were compared to 100% polyester fabrics, typically used for institutional underwear. Blending polyester to the cellulosic fiber improved fabric tenacity and dimensional stability, while the 100% polyester fabric remained unmatched. While all tested fabrics showed low vapor transfer resistance and hence high breathability at a hotplate test, lyocell-containing fabrics proved superior in terms of vapor uptake as well as in skin sensorial aspects. A synergy effect was observed in the blended fabrics in terms of more efficient liquid transportation and faster fabric drying.

Comparative Study on Different Physical Properties of Grey & Finished Single Jersey Derivatives

Knitting is the mostly used fabric manufacturing processes in Bangladesh through which various types of knitted fabrics with different physical and chemical properties are produced. Single jersey derivatives have some dimensional, physical or chemical properties that change according to some factors and processing. These properties also change after dyeing & finishing process. As finishing is mandatory for fabric production, some tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done according desired quality. Single jersey fabrics show low strength and higher abrasion resistance than grey fabric after dyeing & finishing. Finished fabric is more stiff than grey. Spirality & shrinkage properties of the single jersey fabric are rapidly change after dyeing & finishing and generally acceptable under the limit. Therefore, this paper is all about the comparison of physical properties among various grey and finished single jersey weft knitted fabrics which will be helpful to know for efficient production, taking corrective actions to minimize changes of basic physical properties and produce quality knit products.
 GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 6-10

Dimensional Characteristics of Knitted Fabrics Made from 100% Cotton and Cotton/Elastane Yarns

The dimensional characteristics such as loop length (l), wales per centimeter (wpc), courses per centimeter (cpc), stitch density (s), tightness factor (K), loop shape factor (R) and take-up rate (T) of single jersey, 1x1rib, 1x1 interlock, single pique, and two-thread fleece knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/elastane yarns (5% elastane yarn content) are investigated in this research. Dimensional properties of knitted fabrics are an important property and determine the materials consumption during production, productions parameter, and applications of different knitted structures. The sample fabrics have been conditioned for 24 hours at 20±1°C temperature and 65±2% relative humidity. The specimens used for sampling are determined as per the test standards described in the paper for each yarn type, property, and structure. As observed in the result, the properties are related to each other. It is found that the loop length, wpc, cpc, stitch density, tightness factor, loop shape factor and take-up rate of single jersey, 1x1rib, 1x1interlock, single pique, and two-thread fleece knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/elastane yarns are significantly influenced by the presence of an elastane yarn. The loop length of single jersey, 1x1rib, and interlock knitted fabrics made from elastane yarns reduced while the single pique and fleece increased. Similarly, other dimensional properties are significantly influenced by the yarn types used during knitting.