Single Field Research Articles

Structure, optical transition analysis and magnetic study of lanthanide based metal-organic framework: holmium bi-tartrate trihydrate

This study presents the hydrothermal synthesis of holmium bi-tartrate trihydrate single crystals. The crystal structure and morphology were determined using single crystal x-ray analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to identify the ligand phase. The thermal stability was assessed through differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of ligand on the incorporated paramagnetic center is discerned by reckoning the magnetic moment of the same. Judd-Ofelt theory was utilized to analyze optical transitions and calculate excited state properties. The complex exhibited violet and red emissions, attributed to ligand-based and metal-based luminescence , respectively. The absence of antenna effect was due to a significant energy gap between the resonance energy state, 5 S 2 of the Ho(III) ion and the triplet state of the coordinated tartrate ligand. The synthesized MOF's prolonged radiative lifetime holds promise for laser technologies and environmental monitoring applications.

Comparative Analysis of TRGBs (CATs) from Unsupervised, Multi-halo-field Measurements: Contrast is Key

The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) is an apparent discontinuity of the luminosity function (LF) due to the end of the red giant evolutionary phase and is used to measure distances in the local universe. In practice, tip localization via edge detection response (EDR) relies on several methods applied on a case-by-case basis. It is hard to evaluate how individual choices affect a distance estimation using only a single host field while also avoiding confirmation bias. To devise a standardized approach, we compare unsupervised, algorithmic analyses of the TRGB in multiple halo fields per galaxy. We first optimize methods for the lowest field-to-field dispersion, including spatial filtering, smoothing, and weighting of LF, color band selection, and tip selection based on the number of likely RGB stars and the ratio of stars below versus above the tip (R). We find R, which we call the tip contrast, to be the most important indicator of the quality of EDR measurements; higher R selection can decrease field-to-field dispersion. Further, since R is found to correlate with the age or metallicity of the stellar population based on theoretical modeling, it might result in a displacement of the detected tip magnitude. We find a tip-contrast relation with a slope of −0.023 ± 0.0046 mag/ratio, an ∼5σ result that can be used to correct these variations in the detections. When using TRGB to establish a distance ladder, consistent TRGB standardization using tip-contrast relation across rungs is vital to make robust cosmological measurements.

Reimagining antiracist possibilities of single-visit art museum field trips after the COVID-19 pause

Although the single-visit field trip has long been the most common program museums offer to K-12 students and can provide opportunities for the meaningful development of critical thinking skills, findings from a participatory action research (PAR) study on Whiteness in museum education indicate that single visit field trips may not be conducive to – and may even actively undermine – teaching antiracism. This tension has only become exacerbated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which laid bare systemic racial inequities, including national and global health infrastructures. These disruptions to the museum teaching status quo call for a renewed commitment to and effective implementation of antiracist museum education. Antiracist pedagogy relies on the development of trust and relationships among educators and participants, whereas the single visit field trip, by contrast, is usually a singular moment within a child’s overall education. If museums truly seek to contribute to antiracist (un)learning among their visitors, they should reconsider priorities for single-visit field trips. Museums must align these findings with what is logistically possible and/or necessary, and implement more sustained engagement strategies to support antiracist learning objectives, such as strengthening partnerships with classroom educators, maintaining small group sizes, and/or restructuring to a multi-visit field trip approach.

An Evenly Spaced LSST Cadence for Rapidly Variable Stars

Abstract Stars exhibit a bewildering variety of rapidly variable behaviors ranging from explosive magnetic flares to stochastically changing accretion to periodic pulsations or rotation. The principal Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) surveys will have cadences too sparse and irregular to capture many of these phenomena. We propose here an LSST microsurvey to observe a single Galactic field, rich in unobscured stars, in a continuous sequence of 30 s exposures for one long winter night in a single photometric band. The result will be a unique data set of ∼1 million regularly spaced stellar light curves. The light curves will constitute a comprehensive collection of late-type stellar flaring, but also other classes like short-period binary systems and cataclysmic variables, young stellar objects, and ultrashort-period exoplanets. An unknown variety of anomalous solar system, Galactic, and extragalactic variables and transients may also be present. A powerful array of statistical procedures can be applied to individual light curves from the long-standing fields of time series analysis, signal processing, and econometrics. Dozens of “features” describing the variability can be extracted and the ensemble of light curves can be subject to advanced machine-learning clustering procedures. This will give a unique, authoritative, objective taxonomy of the rapidly variable sky derived from identically cadenced light curves. This microsurvey is best performed early in the Rubin Observatory program, and the results can inform the wider community on the best approaches to variable star identification and classification from the sparse, irregular cadences that dominate the planned surveys.

KUMLU ZEMİN ÜZERİNDEKİ RADYE TEMELLERİN WİNKLER VE PSÜDO-EŞLENİK YÖNTEMLERİ İLE ANALİZİ

The settlements occurred in building foundations depend on many soil parameters. Thus, these parameters make the solution both difficult and complex during the calculating process. Therefore, finite element programs use the subgrade reaction coefficient to facilitate the foundation solution. Two different methods, which are Winkler method and Pseudo coupled method, are used in the basic solutions with the coefficient of subgrade reaction. While the Winkler method can be solved with a single field, the pseudo method can be solved with 2 or more fields. In this study, a 10 story building with a 36 m x 36 m square foundation was separately designed on four different sand soils. Two of these soils are classified as C and the others are classified as D according to Eurocode 8. The foundation of this building built on four different soils was divided into six different areas (one region, two regions, three regions, five regions, seven regions, 10 regions). Consequently, 24 analyzes were performed by using the ETABS program. According to the results obtained from these analyzes, while it is appropriate to use the Winkler method in weak sand soils for rigid foundation acceptance, it is more appropriate to use the Pseudo-coupled method in dense sand soils. Pseudo-coupled method should be used in flexible foundation solutions built on weak sand soils. The Winkler method should be used for flexible foundations built on dense sand soils. In the Pseudo-coupled method, the highest settlements were obtained in the two-region solutions. An optimum number of fields was found to be 7 for Pseudo-coupled method.

PBH formation in EFT of single field inflation with sharp transition

Using the Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework of single field inflation, we investigate the possibility of the formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) in the Slow Roll (SR) to Ultra Slow Roll (USR) sharp transition. We demonstrate that, due to one-loop correction to the power spectrum, causality is violated (cs>1) for the mass range of PBHs, MPBH>102gm created during the said transition. We find that non-canonical features with cs<1 worsen the predictions of the canonical framework of single-field inflation.

Two-Stream Xception Structure Based on Feature Fusion for DeepFake Detection

DeepFake may have a crucial impact on people’s lives and reduce the trust in digital media, so DeepFake detection methods have developed rapidly. Most existing detection methods rely on single-space features (mostly RGB features), and there is still relatively little research on multi-space feature fusion. At the same time, a lot of existing methods used a single receptive field, which leads to models that cannot extract information of different scales. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a two-stream Xception network structure (Tception) that fused RGB spatial feature and noise-space feature. This network structure consists of two main parts. The first part is a feature fusion module, which can adaptively fuse RGB feature and noise-space feature generated by RGB images through SRM filters. The second part is the two-stream network structure, which utilizes a parallel structure of convolutional kernels of different sizes allowing the network to learn features of different scales. The experiments show that the proposed method improves performance compared to the Xception network. Compared to SSTNet, the detection accuracy of the Neural Textures is improved by nearly 8%.

Plant Resistance Inducers Affect Multiple Epidemiological Components of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine Leaves.

Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) harbor promising potential for use in downy mildew (DM) control in viticulture. Here, the effects of six commercial PRIs on some epidemiological components of Plasmopara viticola (Pv) on grapevine leaves were studied over 3 years. Disease severity, mycelial colonization of leaf tissue, sporulation severity, production of sporangia on affected leaves, and per unit of DM lesion were evaluated by inoculating the leaves of PRI-treated plants at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 19 days after treatment (DAT). Laminarin, potassium phosphonate (PHO), and fosetyl-aluminium (FOS) were the most effective in reducing disease severity as well as the Pv DNA concentration of DM lesions on leaves treated and inoculated at 1 and 3 DAT; PHO and FOS also showed long-lasting effects on leaves established after treatment (inoculations at 6 to 19 DAT). PRIs also prevented the sporulation of Pv on lesions; all the PRI-treated leaves produced fewer sporangia than the nontreated control, especially in PHO-, FOS-, and cerevisane-treated leaves (>75% reduction). These results illustrate the broader and longer effect of PRIs on DM epidemics. The findings open up new perspectives for using PRIs in a defense program based on single, timely, and preventative field interventions.

Quality Assisted Three Fringe Photoelasticity for Autonomous Evaluation of Total Fringe Order

Three fringe photoelasticity (TFP) is a technique for determining the total fringe order from a single colour isochromatic fringe field. In TFP, the total fringe order is obtained by comparing the colour of the unknown photoelastic fringe pattern with a calibration specimen. Comparison is conventionally done by minimising the colour difference error. This leads to incorrect evaluation of fringe order in some regions showing itself as noise when these values are plotted as an image. In this paper, a new autonomous quality based approach is developed to identify and remove this noise. The method is explained by evaluating the total fringe order for the problem of a disc under diametral compression. The application of this methodology is demonstrated by solving two other example problems.

Ligneous amendments increase soil organic carbon content in fine-textured boreal soils and modulate N2O emissions.

Organic soil amendments are used to improve soil quality and mitigate climate change. However, their effects on soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the residual effects of a single field application of four ligneous soil amendments on soil structure and GHG emissions. We conducted a laboratory incubation experiment using soil samples collected from an ongoing soil-amendment field experiment at Qvidja Farm in south-west Finland, two years after a single application of four ligneous biomasses. Specifically, two biochars (willow and spruce) produced via slow pyrolysis, and two mixed pulp sludges from paper industry side-streams were applied at a rate of 9-22 Mg ha-1 mixed in the top 0.1 m soil layer. An unamended fertilized soil was used as a control. The laboratory incubation lasted for 33 days, during which the samples were kept at room temperature (21°C) and at 20%, 40%, 70% or 100% water holding capacity. Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured periodically after 1, 5, 12, 20 and 33 days of incubation. The application of ligneous soil amendments increased the pH of the sampled soils by 0.4-0.8 units, whereas the effects on soil organic carbon content and soil structure varied between treatments. The GHG exchange was dominated by CO2 emissions, which were mainly unaffected by the soil amendment treatments. The contribution of soil CH4 exchange was negligible (nearly no emissions) compared to soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The soil N2O emissions exhibited a positive exponential relationship with soil moisture. Overall, the soil amendments reduced N2O emissions on average by 13%, 64%, 28%, and 37%, at the four soil moisture levels, respectively. Furthermore, the variation in N2O emissions between the amendments correlated positively with their liming effect. More specifically, the potential for the pulp sludge treatments to modulate N2O emissions was evident only in response to high water contents. This tendency to modulate N2O emissions was attributed to their capacity to increase soil pH and influence soil processes by persisting in the soil long after their application.

Overexpression of ASPH protein predicts poor outcomes in retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients.

Overexpression of ASPH protein predicts poor outcomes in retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients.

A method to determine the M2 beam quality from the electric field in a single plane

Laser beam quality is a key parameter for both industry and science. However, the most common measure, the M2 parameter, requires numerous intensity spatial-profiles for its determination. This is particularly inconvenient for modelling the impact of photonic devices on M2, such as metalenses and thin-film stacks, since models typically output a single electric field spatial-profile. Such a profile is also commonly determined in experiments from e.g., Shack-Hartmann sensors, shear plates, or off-axis holography. We introduce and test the validity and limitations of an explicit method to calculate M2 from a single electric field spatial-profile of the beam in any chosen transverse plane along the propagation direction.

GCMTN: Low-Overlap Point Cloud Registration Network Combining Dense Graph Convolution and Multilevel Interactive Transformer

A single receptive field limits the expression of multilevel receptive field features in point cloud registration, leading to the pseudo-matching of objects with similar geometric structures in low-overlap scenes, which causes a significant degradation in registration performance. To handle this problem, a point cloud registration network that incorporates dense graph convolution and a mutilevel interaction Transformer (GCMTN) in pursuit of better registration performance in low-overlap scenes is proposed in this paper. In GCMTN, a dense graph feature aggregation module is designed for expanding the receptive field of points and fusing graph features at multiple scales. To make pointwise features more discriminative, a multilevel interaction Transformer module combining Multihead Offset Attention and Multihead Cross Attention is proposed to refine the internal features of the point cloud and perform feature interaction. To filter out the undesirable effects of outliers, an overlap prediction module containing overlap factor and matching factor is also proposed for determining the match ability of points and predicting the overlap region. The final rigid transformation parameters are generated based on the distribution of the overlap region. The proposed GCMTN was extensively verified on publicly available ModelNet and ModelLoNet, 3DMatch and 3DLoMatch, and odometryKITTI datasets and compared with recent methods. The experimental results demonstrate that GCMTN significantly improves the capability of feature extraction and achieves competitive registration performance in low-overlap scenes. Meanwhile, GCMTN has value and potential for application in practical remote sensing tasks.

A Suitable Magnetic Field Source Composed of an HTS Coil and HTS Bulks for Magnetic Drug Delivery System

To realize Magnetic Drug Delivery System (MDDS), it is necessary to reduce the frictional force on the inner surface of the blood vessel and increase the magnetic force in the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel acting on magnetic drugs deep inside the body. In other words, where the magnetic drugs are concentrated, the magnetic flux density gradient in the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel must be large and the magnetic flux density gradient perpendicular to the blood vessel surface must be small. However, creating such a magnetic field distribution with a single magnetic field source is difficult. Therefore, we investigated a magnetic field source configuration method that can increase the magnetic flux density gradient in the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel and decrease the magnetic flux density gradient perpendicular to the blood vessel surface by configuring the magnetic field source with an HTS coil and zero-field-cooled HTS bulks and using the antimagnetic effect of the HTS bulks. We examined the effect of the number of cylindrical HTS bulks on the magnetic force acting on the magnetic drugs. The shielding current field of the HTS bulk had the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density gradient perpendicular to the blood vessel surface and the relative position of the area where the magnetic drugs are concentrated and the shielding current region within the HTS bulk greatly affected the magnetic flux density gradient perpendicular to the blood vessel surface. Based on these results, we examined the effect of the distance between two cylindrical HTS bulks placed inside an HTS coil on the magnetic force acting on the magnetic drugs. The magnetic force in the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel was able to be increased by placing the HTS bulks so that the boundary of the HTS bulk (shielding current region) is near the area directly below the area where the magnetic drugs are concentrated. The distance between the square-column HTS bulks that maximized the magnetic force was longer than that of the cylindrical HTS bulks.

Numerical analysis and formula correction of mechanical seal ring wear of slurry pump based on thermal deformation

In view of the excessive wear of the mechanical seal of the slurry pump in the project and the inconsistency between the theoretical wear and the actual wear, this article studies the wear of the mechanical seal of the slurry pump. In this article, a numerical model of mechanical seal wear based on thermal deformation is established. The hardness, wear coefficient and dry friction coefficient of the sealing ring were obtained through experiments, and the wear morphology was collected by the ultra-depth microscope. In this article, the precise calculation of mechanical seal wear is realized, and the seal ring wear depth under single and multiple field conditions is obtained. The wear formula of the mechanical seal is optimized by adding a correction index, and the end face structure of the mechanical seal is improved. The results show that: the seal ring forms a converging surface due to thermal deformation resulting in more severe wear of the inner diameter relative to the outer diameter; the revised wear equation can more accurately predict the life of the nickel-based tungsten carbide alloy mechanical seal, with a 3.2 times increase in expected life after comprehensive end face improvement.

PRINCIPLES OF THE INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING CULTUROLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE

The article discusses the principles of the theory and methodology of teaching culturology to psychology students, united within the framework of the integrative approach, which involves bringing related concepts of both culturology and psychology into a single semantic field. Thus, the issues of motivation of human behaviour that are relevant to both sciences, as well as the mechanisms of perception that mediate the interaction of a person with the world, can be considered in connection with the phenomenon of mythology in culture, as well as the semantics and problems of the intentionality of consciousness. It is specifically pointed out that the integrative approach principle does not imply a synthesis of sciences, but their relationship, through which the academic concept is built in an interdisciplinary space.

Inflation caused by a potential valley with 𝖢𝖯 violation

We propose an inflation scenario caused by an inflaton identified with a potential valley which brings about CP violation in the standard model (SM). If singlet scalars have nonminimal couplings with the Ricci scalar in a suitable way, favorable inflation could be derived through the potential valley composed of such scalars. We study dynamics of the scalars during and after the inflation, which suggests that it could be described as a single field inflation approximately. If these scalars make suitable ingredients of the SM couple with vectorlike fermions and right-handed neutrinos, a CKM phase could be induced and also leptogenesis could occur successfully even at a rather low reheating temperature.

Research of the model for assessing the workload of passenger port infrastructure using decision-making models under uncertainty

The current situation formed by the changeable influence of the external environment on the interaction of “sea passenger port — sea ferry/cruise company” systems has formulated new decision-making tasks under uncertainty to justify infrastructural changes. It is not enough for the managers of sea passenger ports and terminals to make decisions only on the basis of deterministic models. Probabilistic nature of the processes predetermines the need to form new models and methods to substantiate strategies for the sea passenger ports development. The problem field considered in the paper is topical because today due to such trends as increase in dimension of cruise and ferry vessels and changes in route networks it is necessary to solve the problem of development forecasting on the basis of scenario modeling. Modeling should be performed on the basis of new digital transport models, which take into account the peculiarities of marine ports and terminals infrastructure, and priority of berths. The digital model of “Passenger Port of St. Petersburg “Sea Façade”, developed by the author, is used in the paper and the necessity to single out separate states in the development of sea passenger ports is substantiated. The validity of singling out a set of boundary points, turning points of uncertainty of future development of a complex system of a sea passenger port or terminal, connected with the presence of bifurcation zones — “ramification” of possible ways of the port system evolution is proved. The proof of the proposed approach is presented by means of allocation of individual stages in the development of the sea passenger port of St. Petersburg. Based on the presented approach, a new model for the evolution and management of the sea passenger port system development is proposed. This model on a single assembly field reflects temporary changes in the development of the sea passenger port and analytical data on the increase or decrease in the number of berths. The presented set of transition points allows to determine the time model of the sea passenger port development. A new model of working with data for making decisions on modernization of sea passenger port infrastructure is offered. On the basis of modeling, taking into account different distribution laws (gamma distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution and others) the conditions for formation of the individual “fields of utility”, cones of preference and target functions are presented. For precise description of decision-making situation under uncertainty faced by the head of the sea passenger port, the choice of Savage criterion (S-criterion) is substantiated and mathematical model and criteria are given. A solution for formation of acceptable interval on the basis of Dataset utility field data on intensities of ferry and cruise lines work is given. On the basis of the experiment, the accuracy of the proposed decision-making model under uncertainty to justify the conditions on the need for modernization of infrastructure (modernization of berths) of the sea passenger port is substantiated. The presented model and results can be applied to other sea passenger ports and terminals, which determines the universality of the presented approach.

A description of classical and quantum cosmology for a single scalar field torsion gravity

In the background of homogeneous and isotropic flat FLRW spacetime, both classical and quantum cosmologies have been studied for teleparallel dark energy (DE) model. Using Noether symmetry analysis, not only the symmetry vector but also the coupling function in the Lagrangian and the potential of the scalar field have been determined. Also symmetry analysis identifies a cyclic variable in the Lagrangian along the symmetry vector and as a result the Lagrangian simplifies to a great extent so that classical solution is obtained. Subsequently, in quantum cosmology Wheeler–DeWitt (WD) equation has been constructed and the quantum version of the conserved momenta corresponding to Noether symmetry identifies the periodic part of the wave function of the universe and as a result the WD equation becomes solvable. Finally, quantum description shows finite nonzero probability at the classical big bang singularity.

Binucleated Myocytes and Heart Weight: A Preliminary Study Linking Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myocyte Hypertrophy.

Hypertrophy of the heart is assessed by heart weight (and dimensions) and myocyte hypertrophy. Establishing an association between the two may be useful in assessing hypertrophy in cases where there are limitations in assessing the heart weight. This preliminary study explored the association between the number of binucleated myocytes (a feature of myocyte hypertrophy) in a randomly chosen single high-power field of the left ventricular free wall and heart weight in an adult White population. It also compared the number of binucleated myocytes between cases with increased heart weight (>400 g in female and >500 g in male) and cases with normal heart weight. Heart weight and number of binucleated myocytes correlated significantly in male only. Increased heart weight had a significantly higher number of binucleated myocytes, with 8.5 binucleated myocytes being able to segregate cases with increased heart weight (74% sensitivity and 79% specificity). The results of this study showed the number of binucleated myocytes may have a complementary role in assessing hypertrophy of the heart.