Simple UV Spectrophotometric Method Research Articles

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DAPAGLIFOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN IN TABLETS USING TWO CHEMOMETRIC-ASSISTED UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS

Two simple, accurate, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR), were developed for the simultaneous estimation of dapaglifozin (DAPA) and saxagliptin (SAXA) in tablets. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 10 – 50 μg/mL for DAPA and 5 – 25 μg/mL for SAXA. Synthetic mixtures containing two drugs were prepared to build the training set and validation set in the calibration range using D-optimal mixture design in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and were recorded at six wavelengths in the range of 230 – 215 nm at intervals of Δλ = 3 nm. Both methods were validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to the accuracy and precision and found suitable for routine analysis of tablets containing DAPA and SAXA without separation.

Development and Validation of Diclofenac sodium in tablets using Simple UV Spectrophotometric method

An effective and simple UV-Spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantification of Diclofenac sodium in tablets. The maximum absorption was found to be 282nm by using methanol as the solvent. The linearity range was 6-21 μg/ml and the correlation coefficient (r²) was found to be 0.9985. The method was accurate, precise, and robust with %RSD below 2%. The LOD and LOQ was found to be 0.0885μg/Ml and 0.250μg/mL respectively. Sandel’s sensitivity was found to be 0.000002 μg/mL. Assay and accuracy of the tablets were about of the acceptance criteria range as per the ICH guidelines.

UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Emtricitabine by Zero order and area under Curve methods in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Simple and precise UV spectrophotometric methods by UV spectroscopy and area under curve [AUC] – in zero order derivative spectrums have been developed and validated for the estimation of emtricitabine in pharmaceutical formulation. The standard and sample solutions of emtricitabine were prepared in distilled water. Emtricitabine was estimated at 280 nm for the UV-spectrophotometric method (A), while in area under curve (AUC) method (B) the zero order spectrum of Emtricitabine was measured in between 272–286 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in both the methods in the concentration range of 2 to 20 μg/ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.9999. These methods were validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 0.2584% and 0.0640% for the above two methods respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of emtricitabine in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods are simple, easy to apply and low-cost.

Simultaneous Equation Method for Estimation of Rutin Trihydrate and Berberine Chloride in Synthetic Mixture and Polyherbal Formulation

The present study was focused on establishing and validating a simple, accurate, reliable and economical UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Rutin trihydrate (RUT) and Berberine Chloride (BER) in synthetic mixture and in antidiabetic polyherbal formulation. Rutin and Berberine from herbal plants are used as antidiabetic drug to prevent and manage Diabetes. The developed method gives best results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The linearity range for Rutin trihydrate and Berberine Chloride were found tobe 10 to50 μg/ml and 10 to 50 μg/ml respectively. The values of LOD were 0.062 μg/ml and 0.076 μg/ml and the values of LOQ were found to be 0.187 μg/ml and 0.229 μg/ml for Rutin trihydrate and Berberine chloride respectively.

Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method for Validation of Metformin hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Simple and precise derivative UV spectrophotometric method by first and second order have been developed and validated for the estimation of metformin hydrochloride in bulk and its tablet formulation. The standard and sample solutions of metformin hydrochloride were prepared in distilled water. Metformin hydrochloride was estimated by first and second order at wavelength 225nm and 252nm respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1 to 14μg/ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.9999. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 0.6787% for first order and 0.2421% for second order derivative method respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed method is simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.

UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Imatinib mesylate by Area under Curve Methods in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage form

Simple and precise UV spectrophotometric method by area under curve [AUC]-have been developed and validated for the estimation of imatinib mesylate in bulk and its tablet formulation. The standard and sample solutions of imatinib mesylate were prepared in distilled water. Imatinib mesylate was estimated area under curve (AUC) method, the zero order spectrum of imatinib mesylate was measured in between 250 nm to 270 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1 to 20 μg/ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.9999. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were of 0.0444% respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of imatinib mesylate in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed method is simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.

Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method for Validation of Imatinib mesylate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Simple and precise derivative UV spectrophotometric method by first and second order have been developed and validated for the estimation of imatinib mesylate in bulk and its tablet formulation. The standard and sample solutions of imatinib mesylate were prepared in distilled water. Imatinib mesylate was estimated by first and second order at wavelength 227nm and 205.5nm respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1 to 20μg/ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.9999. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 0.2429% for first order and 0.6873% for second order derivative method respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of imatinib mesylate in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed method is simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.

Chemometric Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Amlodipine in Bulk and Tablets

A simple, accurate and precise UV-spectrophotometric method based inverse least-squares was developed for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and amlodipine in tablet formulation. The absorbance values of the two analytes were linear with the concentration at the wavelengths taken at 5 nm interval over the range of 230 -260 nm. The calibration equations were developed using the absorbance values of nine synthetic mixtures containing different concentrations of two analytes measured at 5 nm intervalsin the range of 230 -260 nm. The developed equations werethen validated by calculating the analytes recovery from the analysis of a set of another five synthetic mixtures, the mean% recoveries were 100.02% and 100.06% with the corresponding% RSD of ±0.36 and±0.51 for atorvastatin and amlodipine, respectively. The calibration equations obtained were then used to obtain the concentration of each analyte in commercial samples. The mean % recoveries were 100.43% and 100.28% with the corresponding% RSD of ±0.78 and±0.85 for atorvastatin and amlodipine, respectively. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed through the statistical comparison of the obtained results with those obtained by a reference method utilizing high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the two actives, the calculated t-values at (P=0.05, n =6) were 1.47 and 0.73 compared to the tabulated value of 2.23.

UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Sirolimus in Bulk and its Dosage Form

Objective: The main objective was to develop and validate the UV-Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Sirolimus in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations as per ICH guidelines. Materials and methods: A simple, rapid, accurate, and economical UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Sirolimus from bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Results: The ?max of Sirolimus in Dimethyl Sulfoxide was found to be 274 nm. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 3–21 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9956. The proposed method was applied to pharmaceutical formulation and % amount of drug estimated was 101.35%. and was found to be in good agreement with the label claim. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery experiment performed at three different levels, i.e., 75%, 100%, and 125%. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.30– 101.03%. The low values of % RSD are indicative of the accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The precision of the method was studied as an intraday; interday variations, and repeatability. The % RSD value < 2 indicates that the method is precise. Conclusion: The above method was a rapid tool for routine analysis of sirolimus in the bulk and in the pharmaceutical dosage form.

Development and Validation of a UV Spectrophotometric method of Mycophenolate mofetil useful at Preformulation stage of Microemulsion Formulation

The main objective of this work was to develop and validate a simple UV spectrophotometric method to estimate mycophenolate mofetil required at preformulation stage for its microemulsion formulation. Absorption spectrum of the drug was recorded against methanol as a blank. Various analytical parameters such as linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, stability and robustness were studied. The validated method was applied for solubility studies of the drug in various excipients to explore its microemulsion formulation. The developed method was found to be linear within the range of 5-35µg/ml. The limit of detection and quantification were found to be 0.796µg/ml and 2.412µg/ml, respectively. Other analytical parameters were within the range of ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines of analytical method validation. The developed UV method was successfully used to screen the solubility of few selected oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. The developed UV method of mycophenolate mofeteil can be used successfully for solubility studies required for microemulsion formulation.

UV Spectrophotometry Method Validation for Quantification of Paracetamol in Tablet Formulations: A Proposal of Experimental Activity for Instrumental Analysis

In the present article it is described the validation of a simple, precise, accurate, rapid and low-cost UV spectrophotometric method for quantification of paracetamol in tablets. The method was linear in the range between 6.4 - 9.6 μg mL -1 , presenting a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9984) and adequate limits of quantification (2.64 μg mL -1 ) and detection (0.87 μg mL -1 ). Precision and analysis showed low coefficient of variation (< 4.0 %) and a good average recovery percentual (99.22% - reference and 101.78% - generic) was obtained. The method was applied for paracetamol determination in two tablet formulations and these results are in good accordance with the declared values of manufacturer, at a 95% confidence level. The experimental activity is simple, showing it to be used in experimental activities on teaching laboratories improve student learning. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i7.1330

Application of a Rapid and Simple UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Study of Desorption of Esterquat Collectors in Tailings–Seawater Systems

The growing demand for mineral resources followed by the steady increase in mining activity result in the need for the disposal of large amount of tailings. Submarine tailings placements (STPs) is a viable option to land-based waste disposal. However, disposal of tailings with accumulated chemicals continues to contribute to the degradation of the marine environment. Replacement of chemicals towards more environmentally friendly alternatives is a good initiative aimed at preservation and protection of the marine ecosystem. Among the cationic surfactants esterquats-containing reagents have attracted particular attention due to their specific ability to degrade rapidly into non-surface-active and environmentally friendly fragments followed by inorganic end products. The important decomposition reaction is the hydrolysis in the presence of water. In this study the rate of esterquats-containing reagent FLOT 2015 desorption by seawater and the probable mechanism of its chemical degradation in aqueous mediums were investigated with the aid of a simple and adequate UV-spectrophotometric technique. By investigating the desorption characteristics of the adsorbed collector FLOT 2015 on mineral samples, important information regarding its mobility and stability was obtained that would be valuable for environmental impact assessment.

Validated UV Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Letrozole in Solid Dosage Forms

The main intent of this research is to develop two new simple, novel, cost efficient and precise UV spectrophotometric methods for estimation of letrozole in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. For estimation of letrozole based on the measurement of UV light absorption, the spectras of letrozole were scanned efficiently and it exhibits maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) at 240nm for Method A and 245nm for Method B. The analysis was carried out against phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (Method A) and phosphate buffer pH 3.8 (Method B) respectively. The drug shows linear response commencing from 0.5-20 µg/mL for both methods A &amp; B. The regression equation was found as Y= 0.099X + 0.079 (Method A) and Y= 0.1359x + 0.0048 (Method B), and correlation coefficient were 0.999 (Method A) and 0.9999 (Method B). The method validation was accomplished as per the regulation of ICH Q2R1 guidelines for linearity, accuracy, and precision studies. These reported methods have good reproducibility with percentage RSD less than one. These methods were extended towards the formulation and there was no interruption from excipients in the formulation. Hence, these proposed methods can be effectively employed for evaluation of letrozole in quality control as well as routine analysis work in pharmaceutical industries.

Determination of Caffeine in Soft and Energy DrinksAvailable in Market by UV

This investigation was carried out to determine the pH, levels of caffeine contents in five soft drinks and four energy drinks available in local market of Pakistan. pH were measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of caffeine was performed by a simple and fast standard UV spectrophotometric method (Perkin Elmer lambda 35 UV/Vis spectrometer) using carbon tetrachloride as the extracting solvent at 270nm wave length. The minimum caffeine level of soft drinks was observed in Brand-3 (10.69 mg/serving), while Brand-5 showed the highest caffeine content (42.17mg/serving) showing a range from 10.6 to 42.17mg/serving. The levels of caffeine in all energy drink samples are well below the maximum allowable limits set by the food regulatory bodies, except E2. The E2 has greater calculated concentration then the labeled concentration .The minimum caffeine level of energy drinks was observed in E4 (32.04mg/L) while E2 showed highest caffeine level in energy drinks (101.705mg/serving) showing range from 32.04mg/ serving to 101.705mg /serving . And the pH ranges of these soft drinks were (2.29 to 3.02) and in energy drinks (2.85 to 3.28) .Further investigations are needed to determine the suitability of these soft and energy drinks.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HCL PRESENT IN TASTE MASKED DRUG RESIN COMPLEX

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of ciprofloxacin HCl present in taste-masked drug-resin complex.Methods: UV-spectrophotometric determination was performed with ELICO SL 1500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer using 0.1 N HCl as a medium. The spectrum of the standard solution was run from 200-400 nm range for the determination of absorption maximum (λ max). λ max of ciprofloxacin HCl was found at 276 nm. The absorbance of standard solutions of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 µg/ml of drug solution was measured at an absorption maximum at 276 nm against the blank. Then a graph was plotted by taking concentration on X-axis and absorbance on Y-axis which gave a straight line. Validation parameters such as linearity and range, selectivity and specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision and robustness were evaluated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Linearity for the UV-spectrophotometric method was noted over a concentration range of 1-6 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for ciprofloxacin HCl was found at 0.46 μg/ml and 1.38 μg/ml respectively. Accuracy was in between 98.89 and 99.27%. % RSD for repeatability, intraday precision and interday precision were found to be 1.271, in between 0.351 and 0.659 and in between 1.067 and 1.769 respectively. The proposed UV spectrophotometric method is found to be robust.Conclusion: The proposed UV-spectrophotometric method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and results and statistical parameters demonstrated that the developed method is sensitive, precise, reliable and simple for the estimation of ciprofloxacin HCl present in taste-masked drug-resin complex.

Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in in-house Pharmaceutical Formulation

The present work described the development of two simple, accurate, rapid, cost effective and reproducible UV-Spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in bulk and in laboratory mixture using 0.01M methanolic HCl as a solvent. The absorption maximum for Quinfamide and Mebendazole were found to be at 260.00 nm and 232.40 nm respectively. Beer’s – lamberts was followed in concentration ranges of 1 – 6 μg/mL for Quinfamide and 2- 12 μg/mL for Mebendazole. The percentage recovery of Quinfamide and mebendazole ranged from 98.48 to 99.08 and 98.83 to 99.62 (Method I); from 98.14 to 98.93 and 99.16 to 99.35 (Method II) for Quinfamide and Mebendazole. The established methods were sensible for simultaneous quantitative determination of both these drugs in fixed dose combinations. Validation of both these methods was performed as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods can routinely be used for estimation of both these drugs in their combined dosage form.

Development, Validation and Stability Study of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Nabumetone in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A simple, specific and economic UV spectrophotometric method has been developed using as a solvent methanol:water (80:20) to determine the Nabumetone content in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulations. The quantitative determination of the drug has been carried out at a predetermined λ max of 270nm, it was proved linier in the range 2-12 μg/mL and exhibited good correlation coefficient (R 2 =0.997) and excellent mean recovery (98-100.09%). The method was validated statically and by recovery studies for linearity, precision, repeatability and reproducibility as per ICH guideline. The obtained results proved that the method can be employed for the routine analysis of Nabumetone in bulk as well as in the commercial formulations.

UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN MICROSPONGES

Objective: To develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of lornoxicam present in microsponges.Methods: UV-spectrophotometric determination was performed with Thermo Scientific Evolution 201 UV-Vis spectrophotometer using methanol as a medium. The spectrum of the standard solution was run from 200-400 nm range for the determination of absorption maximum (λ max). λ max of lornoxicam was found at 353 nm. The absorbance of standard solutions of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, µg/ml of drug solution was measured at an absorption maximum at 353 nm against the blank. Then a graph was plotted by taking concentration on X-axis and absorbance on Y-axis which gave a straight line. Validation parameters such as linearity and range, selectivity and specificity, LOD and LOQ, accuracy, precision and robustness were evaluated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Linearity for the UV-spectrophotometric method was noted over a concentration range of 3.0-15.0 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for lornoxicam was found at 1.26 μg/ml and 3.82 μg/ml respectively. Accuracy was in between 99.21 and 99.60%. % RSD for repeatability, intraday precision and interday precision were found to be 0.473, in between 0.478 and 0.619 and in between 0.855 and 1.818 respectively. The proposed UV method is found to be robust.Conclusion: The proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and results and statistical parameters demonstrated that the developed method is sensitive, precise, reliable and simple for the estimation of lornoxicam present in microsponges.

Comparison of Vitamin “C” levels in naturally ripened and artificially ripened mangoes

INTRODUCTION: Fruits are very good sources of micronutrients. In the present era, eating fruits is questionable due to hazardous effects of artificial ripener usage on fruits. Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), a major antioxidant water-soluble vitamin, acts as a reducing agent for many metabolic reactions as a coenzyme. Since it is heat-labile, fruits remain as a prime source as they are eaten uncooked. Mangoes, Banana, and Papaya are the most commonly subjected fruits for artificial ripening. However, artificial ripeners such as ethephon and calcium carbide have antinutritional and hazardous effects on health. This study analyzed the effect of the second most commonly used artificial ripener ethephon on mangoes in comparing with naturally ripened mangoes. STUDY PURPOSE: To fulfill the increasing fruit demand and for commercialization fastening of fruit ripening is done. The aim of the present study is to assess whether artificial ripening will affect the Vitamin “C” level in mangoes or no. OBJECTIVES: Compare the Vitamin C levels in artificially ripened with naturally ripened mangoes. METHODS: Vitamin C was analyzed using simple UV spectrophotometric method using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the naturally ripened mangoes had a mean of 7.6 ± 6 mg/100 g more of Vitamin “C” than artificially ripened mangoes. CONCLUSION: The Study concludes that the Vitamin C contents is more in naturally ripened mangoes than the artificially ripened mangoes with using 1000 ppm of ehtephon.

UV Spectrophotometric estimation of Drotaverine hydrochloride by zero order and area under curve methods in bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Simple and precise UV spectrophotometric methods by UV spectroscopy and area under curve [AUC] – in zero order derivative spectrum have been developed and validated for the estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation. The standard and sample solutions of drotaverine hydrochloride were prepared in methanol. Drotaverine hydrochloride was estimated at 230 nm for the UV-spectrophotometric method (A), while in area under curve (AUC) method (B) the zero order spectrum of drotaverine hydrochloride was measured in between 225-235 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1 to 24 µg / ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.002261 for zero order method. Similarly in AUC method, Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5 to 50 µg / ml with coefficient of correlation value 0.6238. These methods were validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were of 0.002261 % and 0.1403 % for the above two methods respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of drotaverine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods are simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.