Simple Reading Research Articles

METODE STRUKTURAL ANALITIK SINTETIK (SAS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA HURUF BRAILLE PADA ANAK TUNANETRA DI BHAKTI LUHUR MALANG

This research was motivated by the difficulty in reading braille in blind students shown by non-fluent behavior in reading both syllables, words and simple sentences in braille. In addition, subjects were slow to identify syllables, and hesitated in reading, especially when reading simple readings, consisting of 3-5 sentences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Structure Analysis Synthesis (SAS) method can improve braille reading skills in blind children in Bhakti Luhur Malang who are in grade II SDLB-A. The method used is an experimental method with a Single Subject Research design A-B-A design. The results showed that in the baseline phase (A1) which was carried out as many as 3 sessions, the average score was 44.3%. Meanwhile, in the Intervention phase (B) which was carried out as many as 6 sessions obtained an average score of 53.8%. And the baseline phase 2 (A2) carried out as many as 3 sessions obtained an average score of 86%. The results of visual analysis in conditions show that the directional tendency increases from session to session, which means that it shows a change in good (+). Meanwhile, in the analysis between conditions, the level change from the baseline phase to the intervention phase increased from the previous data, while the percentage of overlap after calculating the intervention conditions to the baseline obtained an overlap percentage of 50%, which means that the intervention has a good effect. While in the intervention condition with baseline condition 2, an overlap percentage of 0% was obtained, which means that the intervention has a good effect on braille reading ability, the conclusion that can be drawn is that changes in braille reading ability in blind children occur due to braille reading interventions using the SAS method.

John Locke's Christianity by Diego Lucci

Reviewed by: John Locke's Christianity by Diego Lucci Benjamin Hill Diego Lucci. John Locke's Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 244. Hardback, $99.99. Diego Lucci's John Locke's Christianity is a fabulous work of scholarship—meticulously researched, well argued, and judicious. It should be required reading for everyone interested in John Locke's thought. In the introduction, Lucci aligns himself with John Dunn (The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treaties of Government" [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969]), John Colman (John Locke's Moral Philosophy [Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983]), and Victor Nuovo (John Locke: The Philosopher as Christian Virtuoso [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017]), who believe that Locke was a "Christian philosopher" whose "theological concerns, interests, and ideas indeed pervade his philosophical, political, and moral thought" (5, emphasis in the original). John Locke's Christianity, however, is not a book that defends that thesis. It is much more focused and does, basically, just what its title advertises—it provides a systemic and detailed analysis of Locke's core Christian beliefs, and a very excellent one at that. The book is structured around two pillars. The first, consisting of chapters 1–3, involves a contextualized analysis of Locke's theological writings, particularly The Reasonableness of Christianity and Adversaria Theologica. This analysis is then used to reconstruct Locke's conception of the fundamentals of Christianity. The second pillar, consisting of chapters 4–6, then uses this reconstruction to explain puzzling features of Locke's engagements with personal identity, the Trinity, and religious toleration. Lucci's reconstruction of the fundamentals of Locke's Christian beliefs are novel, interesting, and compelling. Furthermore, he uncovers details that materially affect the interpretations of Locke's philosophical accounts of persons and religious toleration, so much so that many popular interpretations begin to look strained after reading Lucci's analysis. Philosophers unaccustomed to considering the theological basis of Locke's account of persons or the Christian significance of religious toleration will now need to engage with Lucci's accounts. Locke famously offered a succinct conception of Christianity: to be a Christian is to believe that Jesus was the Messiah. Lucci shows that this conception, though economical, was by no means thin. At its core was the idea of a moralist soteriology. The promise of eternal life for those who accepted Jesus as the Messiah (and who also strove to follow the law of nature) was vital to morality, in Locke's eyes, because it was only with such an inducement that depraved humans would have firm reason to try to follow the law of nature. In Locke's eyes, Christianity, and only Christianity, offered this inducement to followers of the laws of faith and the laws of nature because of the resurrection of Christ. Lucci's moralist soteriological understanding of Locke's conception of the fundamentals of Christianity differs significantly, for example, from Nuovo's presentation of it ("Locke's Christology as a Key to Understanding His Philosophy," in The Philosophy of John Locke, ed. Peter Anstey [London: Routledge, 2003], 129–53), in which Nuovo identifies Locke's Christology as "the central and organizing principle of his theology" (129). Lucci also provides an excellent answer to one of the enduring questions about Locke's Christianity: was he a Socinian or an Arminian? Against the common view that he is somewhere between the two by being a bit of both, Lucci argues that Locke was in fact neither a Socinian nor an Arminian; Locke rather maintained a unique, irenic position [End Page 331] that may have overlapped somewhat with Socianism and Arminianism but owed nothing to either. Locke's moralist soteriology, along with some of his other Christian beliefs, look like Socinian and Arminian doctrines, admits Lucci. But many of his other beliefs did not, especially, Lucci says, those concerning original sin, satisfaction, and atonement (96–105). This was because Locke's theological beliefs were formed by neither commitment nor opposition to any particular sect, but rather by his careful, plain, and simple reading of the Gospels (50). Locke had no problem with adopting the views of theologians when their positions were revealed through Scripture...

예비 과학교사의 일 개념 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service science teachers’ definitions of work and conceptions of work in situations that the displacement of the point of application differs from the displacement of the center of mass.
 Methods 38 pre-service science teachers were asked to describe the definition of work through a pre-test. They were asked what work done on the object by the force is, when the displacement of the point of application does not coincide with the displacement of the center of mass. Right after pre-test, simple reading materials were provided, and post-test was conducted two weeks later. After that, the results of the pre- and post-test were compared to find out the change in the definition and concept of work.
 Results In the definition of work described by pre-service science teachers, there was little use of energy transfer or displacement of the point of application. In a problem situation where the displacement of the point of application does not match the displacement of the center of mass, especially in the items that work done by force is not zero, it was difficult for them to calculate work. Pre-service science teachers with scientific conception of work were found to have scientific work definition.
 Conclusions Most pre-service science teachers did not have scientific work definition, and their conceptions of work were not scientific in problem situations that the displacement of the point of application don’t match the displacement of the center of mass. The use of scientific work definition helped to have scientific concept of work.

100 Babasahin Para kay Fino: Intervention in the Development of Reading Comprehension

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 100 Babasahin Para kay Fino as an intervention to improve the reading comprehension level of students. Through the intervention of reading and developing the level of understanding of what the students read. The Quasi-Experimental, a group (one group) design pre-test, and post-test (pre-reading assessment and post-reading assessment) was used. The researchers have innovated from a simple reading method to the development of self-made reading materials containing to develop the level of understanding of what the students read. This study has proven that 100 Babasahin Para kay Fino is beneficial at developing students' reading comprehension.

A dynamical method to objectively assess infantile nystagmus based on eye tracking. A pilot study

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to propose a new method for the easy, inexpensive and objective quantification of nystagmus using eye-tracking records collected during a simple reading task that could be implantable in clinical practice to assess patients with nystagmus. MethodsThis is a prospective, observational pilot study. Eye movements of 4 nystagmus patients and 9 healthy children during a reading task (a paragraph with 82 words) on a 15′’ monitor were collected and compared. Data are time series indicating the gaze position on the screen. Two quantifiers were proposed: IndS (based on the speed of movements) and IndF (based on the variation of the gaze trajectory). ResultsThe indices proposed reflect differences in the behavior of eye movements between the two groups. Nystagmus patients present higher values of IndS - indicating smaller number of slow movements (16% of movements with speeds <0.33 1/s for nystagmus and 85% for the control group, with p = 0.01) - and higher values of IndF - indicating higher gaze fluctuation (p = 0.01). Differences were not related with reading speed as show the mean and standard deviation: the nystagmus group required 115±45 s to complete the task and the control group 151±85 s; p = 0.73. ConclusionsThe proposed indices provide a new method that allows an objective assessment of nystagmus, with potential use in clinical and research practice to improve the follow-up of patients by monitoring the nystagmus over time or treatment.

The Structure of r-Nominals in -nie/-cie in Polish and the Factors Conditioning Their Emergence

The aim of this paper is twofold: to establish the structure of deverbal nominals in -nie and -cie which lack argument structure and function as Simple Event and Result nominals, and to specify the factors conditioning their emergence. The proposed analysis is framed in Borer’s exo-skeletal model supplemented by elements of the nanosyntactic approach. The Polish data are puzzling since R-nominals in -nie/-cie show morphological evidence of the verbalising layer in the guise of a theme element alongside aspectual marking. The proposed account includes the aspectual projection of inner aspect in their structure and argues that the licensing of the internal argument is not related to the presence of verbalising morphology or of the inner aspect projection, which in the case of Polish can be multi-layered.. For an R-nominal to emerge, the structure must not contain the projection of viewpoint aspect responsible for the licensing of the full argumental complex. The presence of the VP layer accounts for the ambiguity between simple event and concrete reading. A stem-based R-nominal will arise if there is no root-based R-nominal, e.g. (s)kaleczyć ‘hurt’ —*(s)kalecz—skaleczenie ‘wound’ vs. (po)dzielić ‘divide’—podział ‘division’. Only R-nominals in -nie and -cie will be possible where the presence of an overt verbaliser with a root merged with a nominal or adjectival functor blocks the formation of root-based nominals, e.g. łysy ‘bald’—(wy)łysieć ‘go bald’—wyłysienie ‘a bald patch’—*(wy)łys.

Quando ela olhou a pandemia: uma fotografia, incontáveis filmes

Abstract The sensory and affective impact of a photograph in a news story may mitigate the message of the headline and even the content of the story as a whole, with the potential to lead the reader to countless parallel stories. These stories can be imbricated to the theme explored by the media, but can also expand to several other issues, memories, events, authors unveiling to the reader other situational layers that transcend the sphere of simple reading leading to reflexivity. This text has, therefore, the intention to reflect at length about the inequities in health, especially in relation to the distribution of vaccines against Covid-19 on the planet, from an image published by France Presse in a story about a day with record application of doses of the vaccine against Covid-19 in India.

A inserção social do pentecostalismo no Brasil

Pentecostalism has become, in the history of the Protestant religious tradition, a chapter of indisputable relevance. Through not dogmatic or academic paths, he established himself as a clear representative of the pneumatological interpretation of the Christian presence in the world, without the necessary dependence on theological categories but for a simple and popular reading of the sacred books, for this very reason, he effectively expanded his influence on all continents being recognized as a legitimate member of world Christianity. In his secular history He highlighted the free examination of the Scriptures and in this regard he was prodigal in the implantation of communities and denominations that do not cease to multiply, as for example in Brazil. From this movement of spiritual renewal, of morality customs and hermeneutic freedom, since the 1980s, the neo-Pentecostal variant with more daring and freedom of action in society, using them as media and especially direct participation in the political field, emerged attitude that is becoming generalized across the entire Pentecostal spectrum and in historical Protestantism.

Design of High-Speed Dual Port 8T SRAM Cell with Simultaneous and Parallel READ-WRITE Feature

An innovative 8 transistor (8T) static random access memory (SRAM) architecture with a simple and reliable read operation is presented in this study. LTspice software is used to implement the suggested topology in the 16nm predictive technology model (PTM). Investigations into and comparisons with conventional 6T, 8T, 9T, and 10T SRAM cells have been made regarding read and write operations' delay and power consumption as well as power delay product (PDP). The simulation outcomes show that the suggested design offers the fastest read operation and PDP optimization overall. Compared to the current 6T and 9T topologies, the noise margin is also enhanced. Finally, the comparison of the figure of merit (FoM) indicates the best efficiency of the proposed design.

Pirandello and Scaribas – The “Paradox” in Their Work

In this particular article, a parallel reading of the heroes in Pirandello and Scaribas is done and then the interest is focused on the presentation of the “paradox” in their writing. Pirandello and Scaribas use “paradox”, the contradiction in common sense, as a vehicle to engage and activate those who read their works not only in a simple reading of their literature but also in realizing a psychoanalytic inner journey.

Lesbian mothers in twenty-first century Australia: creating a political subject position

ABSTRACT The creation of a political subject position based on the identity ‘lesbian mother’ was central to the achievement of law reform regarding reproduction and family matters in Australia in the twenty-first century. Authors identifying as lesbian mothers wrote submissions to a range of public inquiries, crafting detailed self-representations and often telling intimate stories of everyday experience of discrimination and marginalisation. This article understands the submissions as constrained by the practices of political subjectivity. They are governed by the rules of the authority to which submissions are addressed, even as they make claims for change. Investigation of available submissions from lesbian mothers from nine inquiries points to the classed and raced limits of the normative political subject which emerges and to the presence of historically dominant discourses of the good mother and the narrowed imagination of the marriage equality movement. Diversity in the submissions, however, also challenges the boundaries of the rules and avoids universal conformity to respectability. This analysis contributes to the scant historiography of lesbian mother politics in Australia and to the international literature on queer politics and sexual citizenship. It cautions against simple liberal readings of progress based in the achievement of rights and recognition for newly normative political subjects.

DEVELOPMENT OF READING LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The article discusses the ways of developing the reading literacy of primary school students. Each student begins literacy lessons with simple reading, that is, adding letters into syllables and syllables into words. Usually, this process does not continue uninterruptedly, and it should be understood that it cannot give a sufficient result in achieving the goal by itself. Reading literacy can be understood as the basis for climbing the life ladder of knowledge, and entering the global knowledge system of mankind.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia dalam Materi Membaca Menindai dengan Menerapkan Metode STAD pada Siswa

The problem in this study is whether using the Picture and Picture learning model can improve students' skills in simple reading in Grade XI (Even Semester) Students at Lawe Sigala-Gala Public High School in the Academic Year 2021/2022? The purpose of this study was to improve students' skills in reading simple sentences through the Picture and Picture learning model. The method used in this research is a class action research method (PTK) which is analyzed descriptively qualitatively with the aim of describing the circumstances or phenomena that occur with a focus on the problems studied which involve improving students' skills in reading simple sentences through the STAD learning model in Class XI students. (Even Semester) at Lawe Sigala-Gala Public High School for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. This research was conducted in two cycles with the material of writing simple sentences. Based on research in cycle I of 24 students who obtained the skilled category there were 12 students or 50%, so research in cycle I still needed to be continued at the next cycle stage (cycle II) because it had not yet reached the set indicators. Research in cycle II experienced an increase from 24 students who received the skilled category, there were 18 students or 75% in the Class of Class XI Students (Even Semester) at Lawe Sigala-Gala State High School in the 2021/2022 Academic Year. With these results, it means that there is no need to carry out research in the next cycle because it has reached the set indicators. The conclusion of this study is that using the Picture and Picture learning model can improve students' skills in reading simple sentences in Grade XI (Even Semester) Students at Lawe Sigala-Gala Public High School in the 2021/22 Academic Year.

Knowledge Discovery in Case Studies: The Case Insight Method for Case-Based Problem Solving

The topic of this paper is a new method of knowledge discovery in documents called “Case Insight” (abbreviated to CI). The research question that led to this development was “How can we discover knowledge through case studies and make it usable for case-based problem solving?” To answer this question, this research took a Systems Thinking and Networked Thinking qualitative approach. Case-based problem-solving uses knowledge contained in authentic case descriptions (i.e. “good practice” or even “best practice” cases) and adapts it to the requirements of a new problem. Who can use this? Managers and management consultants who are starting out in their careers can benefit in particular from the CI method as it allows them to expand their repertoire of experience in problem-solving on the basis of case studies, i.e. without being involved in projects. All those interested in solving complex management problems in a case-based way also form part of the target audience. Case studies contain a great deal of problem-solving knowledge but only part of that knowledge can be absorbed through simple reading. The rest remains difficult to access, a hidden treasure, so to speak. Why is that? The reason is that knowledge discovery in case studies is made more difficult due to two obstacles: firstly, the texts are not sufficiently brain-friendly and secondly, they are not designed holistically enough. The CI method makes it possible to overcome these obstacles by means of CI tools and CI models. Firstly, CI tools are used to analyse case studies by comparing concepts, ideas, etc. and combining them into a whole; secondly, CI models make knowledge discovered in this way usable in the form of brain-friendly and holistic knowledge structures. Thus, knowledge discovery through the CI method complies with Immanuel Kant’s definition of knowledge as "a whole of compared and linked ideas".

The mathematical structure of music

Taking into account that musical composition is a sound mathematical structure, this article demonstrates the development of the Mathematical Structure of Music, disseminating a more understandable sound language and adapted to the current technology of scientific studies related to the Science of Music. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop an algebraic language to mathematically structure Music, using only letters, numbers and symbols to write the sounds of musical notes in an alphanumeric way, representing its main sound characteristics, such as: frequency (f) , amplitude (a) and duration time (t), in a single expression to identify a sound wave. The developed language allows a spelling with simple reading and allows the study of musical phenomena in general on a platform with graphic representations in the Cartesian coordinate system of the structures of the melodic groupings, with the musical notes in melody and the harmonic groups with the notes in harmony, thus promoting the Mathematical Structure of Music.

Making Pictorial Print: Media Literacy and Mass Culture in British Magazines 1885–1918

Making Pictorial Print: Media Literacy and Mass Culture in British Magazines 1885–1918

IMPLEMENTING SSS (START WITH SIMPLE STORIES) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN EXTENSIVE READING ACTIVITY

This paper is intended to present the idea of applying the SSS METHOD or stand for Start with Simple Stories extensive reading to improve reading comprehension of the lower achieving students. This can be a challenging task for teachers whose aims are to improve the students’ reading habit by providing them with a very conducive atmosphere of reading, involving and facilitating them in various reading activities with the reading material. Hence, the subjects of the research were the first year or freshmen students of senior high school. Two classes were assigned as the control and the experimental groups. The control group was taught reading comprehension by using the conventional way; while the experimental 1group 1was 1taught reading by using the SSS METHOD extensive reading. As the treatment conducted, both groups were given posttest. The 1result 1of the 1study has showed that 1there 1was 1a1significant1difference1in1the 1students’ 1reading comprehension 1achievement. The 1students in 1the experimental group significantly obtained higher scores than the ones in the control 1group.

Effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on cognitive function and depression in postoperative older adults.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on postoperative cognitive function and depression level in older adults. The study was a randomised controlled experimental study. A personal information form, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for data collection. In the evaluation of MMSE and GDS scores of the intervention and control groups 4 weeks after the operation, the differences between the two groups were found to be statistically significant. The results found that simple calculation and reading aloud after surgery had a positive effect on cognitive function and depression level in older people.

SPRISS: approximating frequent k-mers by sampling reads, and applications.

MotivationThe extraction of k-mers is a fundamental component in many complex analyses of large next-generation sequencing datasets, including reads classification in genomics and the characterization of RNA-seq datasets. The extraction of all k-mers and their frequencies is extremely demanding in terms of running time and memory, owing to the size of the data and to the exponential number of k-mers to be considered. However, in several applications, only frequent k-mers, which are k-mers appearing in a relatively high proportion of the data, are required by the analysis.ResultsIn this work, we present SPRISS, a new efficient algorithm to approximate frequent k-mers and their frequencies in next-generation sequencing data. SPRISS uses a simple yet powerful reads sampling scheme, which allows to extract a representative subset of the dataset that can be used, in combination with any k-mer counting algorithm, to perform downstream analyses in a fraction of the time required by the analysis of the whole data, while obtaining comparable answers. Our extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of SPRISS in approximating frequent k-mers, and shows that it can be used in various scenarios, such as the comparison of metagenomic datasets, the identification of discriminative k-mers, and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping, to extract insights in a fraction of the time required by the analysis of the whole dataset.Availability and implementationSPRISS [a preliminary version (Santoro et al., 2021) of this work was presented at RECOMB 2021] is available at https://github.com/VandinLab/SPRISS.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Spectral Decomposition of Mappings of Molecular Genetic Information in the System Basis of Single Nucleotide Functions

This paper presents and visualizes examples of large amounts of genetic information using a new class of cognitive computer graphics algorithms. These algorithms are related to the semiotics of perception and allow the interpretation of those properties of nucleotide sequences that are difficult to perceive by simple reading or by standard means of statistical analysis. This article summarizes previously presented algorithms for visualizing long nucleic acids based on the primary Hadamard–Walsh function system. The described methods allow us to produce one-dimensional mappings of nucleic acids by levels corresponding to their scale-integral physicochemical parameters and construct a spectral decomposition of the nucleotide composition. An example of the spectral decomposition of parametric representations of molecular genetic structures is given. In addition, a multiscale composition of genetic functional mappings visualizing the structural features of nucleic acids is discussed.