Simple Reading Research Articles

Application of Photo-Induced Chirality in Covert Authentication

A new technology to write and read covert information in authentication labels is described. This technology uses the phenomenon of photo-induced chirality in Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films to encode the left- or right-circular or linear polarization of the laser beam used to write the label. The written polarization can be revealed by a simple reading device, which is demonstrated to provide the same qualitative information as reading based on cyclotron circular dichroism spectroscopy and imaging. The suggested method, while based on existing manufacturing approaches, offers a balance between technological complexity for writing and simplicity for reading, and may be advantageous as a new authentication technology.

Thermal-material priming: The influence of building materials on thermal perception and tolerance in immersive virtual environments

The effects of color and lighting on thermal perception and comfort have been studied through a multitude of methods, including virtual reality (VR) simulations as well as in vivo studies. The potential role of surface materials, however, remains poorly understood in this regard, even though materials and surface colors are clearly related factors in the perception of building interiors. In this study, we tested two Virtual Reality (VR) office spaces, one designed with wood and one with concrete. 38 participants (N = 38) were recruited to complete a simple reading task over fifteen minutes while being seated in a controlled temperature thermal booth. During this time, the booth temperature dropped by an average of 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) per minute from 22.2 °C (72 °F) to 17.7 °C (64 °F). Participants had the perceived ability to control the room’s temperature via a virtual reality interface, an action that served as a measure of “thermal tolerance” based on how long it took participants to try and stop the constant temperature drop in the thermal booth during the experimental task. Participants were surveyed after the study to state their perceived starting and ending room temperature. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the wood room was perceived as warmer overall than the concrete room. However, the results for the “thermal tolerance” metric varied based on the current outside temperature as we predict participants expected different interior temperature regimes in warm compared to cool outdoor conditions. The perception of the concrete room as cooler than the wood room showed the greatest correllation with thermal tolerance when outdoor temperatures were warm, increasing thermal comfort in the concrete room. The results of the study validate the hue-heat hypothesis for architectural building materials and support the potential for thermal perception to induce actionable behavior and promote passive energy savings through the choice of interior building materials.

Pengenalan Sumber Bacaan Sederhana Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan Literasi Baca Untuk Siswa SD

Reading literacy can be defined as a person's ability to understand, evaluate and use information contained in reading effectively. Reading literacy is an ability that must be familiarized from an early age. One of the factors that can improve reading literacy is the existence of simple reading resources that can be tailored to student needs. In this case, the role of parents, especially teachers, is very important to support students in reading activities. through this community service activity, the results obtained regarding the understanding of SDN 2 Bojongmenteng teachers increased. Teachers understand the types of simple reading materials that can improve students' reading literacy. From this activity, teachers are expected to be able to implement simple reading for students of SDN 2 Bojongmenteng.

Objective-Free Ultrasensitive Biosensing on Large-Area Metamaterial Surfaces in the Near-IR.

Plasmonic metamaterials have opened new avenues in medical diagnostics. However, the transfer of the technology to the markets has been delayed due to multiple challenges. The need of bulky optics for signal reading from nanostructures patterned on submillimeter area limits the miniaturization of the devices. The use of objective-free optics can solve this problem, which necessitates large area patterning of the nanostructures. In this work, we utilize laser interference lithography (LIL) to pattern nanodisc-shaped metamaterial absorber nanoantennas over a large area (4 cm2) within minutes. The introduction of a sacrificial layer during the fabrication process enables an inverted hole profile and a well-controlled liftoff, which ensures perfectly defined uniform nanopatterning almost with no defects. Furthermore, we use a macroscopic reflection probe for optical characterization in the near-IR, including the detection of the binding kinematics of immunologically relevant proteins. We show that the photonic quality of the plasmonic nanoantennas commensurates with electron-beam-lithography-fabricated ones over the whole area. The refractive index sensitivity of the LIL-fabricated metasurface is determined as 685 nm per refractive index unit, which demonstrates ultrasensitive detection. Moreover, the fabricated surfaces can be used multiple times for biosensing without losing their optical quality. The combination of rapid and large area nanofabrication with a simple optical reading not only simplifies the detection process but also makes the biosensors more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Therefore, the improvements provided in this work will empower researchers and industries for accurate and real-time analysis of biological systems.

An image-based real time method to measure antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis

Abstract Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is an important mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. In vitro quantification of ADCP has been technically challenging. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry based assays were traditionally used to measure ADCP activity, these methods were static measurements at certain time point, thus provide no information about engulfment kinetics. Moreover, the flow cytometry assays require lifting the macrophage cells from the labware which may affect macrophage activities. We have developed a real time ADCP assay using a live cell analysis system (IncuCyte). The target cells labeled with a pH sensitive dye only fluoresce when they are engulfed in acidic phagosomes of macrophages in the presence of specific antibodies. Our assay is a plate-based with a simple mix and read protocol without disturbing the macrophages. The new method is quantitative and robust, can be readily used for high-throughput screening for functional antibodies. By studying the ADCP activities in different subtypes of macrophages, we found M2 microphages showed the strongest ADCP activity compare to M0 and M1 macrophages, due to their different expression levels of FcgRs. The assay is highly sensitive to differentiate the antibody variants with enhanced Fc function. It can also be used to study the kinetics and mechanisms of ADCP.

Abstract 2059: An image-based real time method to measure antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis

Abstract Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is an important mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. In vitro quantification of macrophage phagocytosis has been technically challenging. Flow cytometry assays were traditionally used for ADCP activity measurements, these methods were static measurements at certain time point, thus provide no information about engulfment kinetics. Moreover, the flow cytometry assays require lifting the macrophage cells from the labware which may affect macrophage activities. We have developed a real time ADCP assay using a live cell analysis system. The target cells labeled with a pH sensitive dye only fluoresce when they are engulfed in acidic phagosomes in the presence of specific antibodies. Our assay is a plate-based with a simple mix and read protocol without disturbing the macrophages. The new method is quantitative and robust, can be readily used for high-throughput screening for functional antibodies. By studying the ADCP activities of different subtypes of macrophages, we found M2 microphages showed the strongest ADCP activity compare to M0 and M1 macrophages, due to their different expression levels of FcgRs. The assay is highly sensitive to differentiate the antibody variants with enhanced Fc function. It can also be used to study the kinetics and mechanisms of ADCP. Citation Format: Jianyong Wang, Yongchang Shi, Yonglian Sun, James T. Koerber, Akiko Seki, Sascha Rutz. An image-based real time method to measure antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2059.

On the question of the use of colon in Russian and Persian

This article is devoted to the use of the punctuation mark “colon” in the Russian and Persian languages. Its purpose is to identify the exact meanings and areas of this sign usage in Russian and Persian. Punctuation marks in the grammar of the Russian language play a significant role, they help to read and understand the text easier. Punctuation marks in Persian are mainly used to eliminate ambiguities and lead to simple and correct reading of the text. The article analyzes the situations of the usage of this sign in Russian and Persian applying a comparative method and providing examples for each case. The relevance of the study is due to the incompletion of the inventory of cases in which the colon is used; it can also serve as a source for students who have problems on this topic when writing, reading and understanding texts. The scientific novelty of the study is that a comprehensive study of different aspects of the use of the colon in Russian and Persian is carried out. The novelty is also determined by the comparison of the use of colon in Russian and Persian in view of the lack of a special comparative study in this area. It was found that the scope of colon usage in Persian is wider in comparation with Russian, and most cases of its usage match, but some differ. In addition, our article confirms the insufficient consideration of this topic in Russian language textbooks. The results of the article can be helpful to students studying at departments of Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, used as additional materials in classroom and by translators.

현대 대중가요에 나타난 읊조림(吟詠)의 전통

The dictionary meaning of “eupjorhim” is “reciting poetry in a low voice while appreciating its meaning,” which corresponds to “吟” or “詠” in Chinese characters. However, “eupjorhim” is now widely used to mean “in a way that does not sing loudly” and “to sing songs that have a limited range of voices” as if individuals were referring to themselves. This thesis attempts to consider the way of “eupjorhim” in modern Korean popular songs, search for its origins in our traditional poetry, summarize its characteristics, and analyze the characteristics that can be deemed to have inherited the tradition of reforestation in modern Korean popular songs.
 The analysis showed that the meaning of “eupjorhim” in traditional poetry can be summarized by the following three aspects. ① The melody: Although it is less present than in singing, it exhibits pitch and rhythm contrarily to simple reading. ② The lyrics: It is does not aim to appreciate tune-like singing, but to convey meaning. ③ The singing style: It can be performed by ordinary people as well as experts. Furthermore, it is not an other-centered performance to impress the listener, but a self-centered performance method that values one's own enjoyment. Considering various examples in modern K-pop, “eupjorhim” inherits the context of traditional poetry regarding ① melody within a narrow range, ② song that is more lyrics-oriented than melody, and ③ a calm singing method as if talking to oneself.
 “Eupjorhim” is meaningful in that it not only reminds us that modern popular songs deeply lean on both foreign influences and the inherent traditions that exist in us, but also makes us realize various ways of singing and, ultimately, leads us to reconsider “What Is Song?”

A detailed study on the selection of borderline features for accurate mechanism description of the adsorption of different pesticide molecules under different temperature ranges

Mathematical models play a crucial role in data acquisition by boosting the capacity to interpret and group the gathered information. However, the challenge lies in choosing the most accurate model to represent data sets with very slight nuances, as it occurs in the validation of adsorption processes considering molecules with different properties but similar structural attributes. Due to these very small variations, there is a high chance of excessive adaption to specific patterns created by the distributions, statistically blindsiding the decision-making. In this work, we used statistical physics (sta-phy) modeling and thermodynamic calculations of the three different pesticides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba (DCB), and mecoprop (MCPP) on a woody based activated carbon (WBAC) to demonstrate these patterns while also unveiling the mechanisms involved. We demonstrate that the statistical criteria alone do not provide enough clarity in these cases, and we propose using the physical meaning of each estimated parameter as a way out. Thus, in this work, we prove in detail that using sta-phy models requires absolute mastering of the subjects to ensure reliable results by understanding the relationships between the adsorption parameters and the system properties instead of a simple read of the determination coefficients.

WORKSHOP IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MARDEKA PENYUSUNAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN & PROYEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA (P5) UNTUK GURU GURU SMKS & SMAS YPK MEDAN

The Mardeka curriculum is motivated by the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) which shows that 70% of students aged 15 years are below the minimum competence in understanding simple reading or applying basic mathematical concepts. This PISA score has not experienced a significant increase in the last 10-15 years. In addition, there are large disparities between regions and between socio-economic groups in terms of the quality of learning which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators and education practitioners around the world are starting to realize that learning things outside the classroom can help students develop better. Studying things in everyday life can increase students' sensitivity and concern for the surrounding environment. However, in practice this has not been done optimally in the current education system. The Mardeka Curriculum Implementation Workshop for the Preparation of Learning Devices the Project to Strengthen Pancasila Student Profiles (P5) for SMKS and SMAS YPK Medan teachers was held for 4 days. During the workshop, there were 107 participants who attended. As a percentage, the total attendance of participants was 95%.

Effect of clear speech on acoustic measures of dysprosody in Parkinson disease for different reading tasks

Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of clear speech instruction on acoustic measures of dysprosody between reading passages of differing linguistic content for speakers with and without Parkinson Disease (PD). Method Ten speakers with PD and 10 controls served as participants and read five simple and three standard reading stimuli twice. First, speakers read habitually and then following clear speech instruction. Acoustic measures of fundamental frequency variation (semitone standard deviation, STSD), articulation rate, and between-complex pause durations were calculated. Result Results indicated speakers with PD exhibited less fundamental frequency variation than controls across reading stimuli and instructions. All speakers exhibited lower STSD and longer between-complex pause durations for the standard compared to simple reading stimuli. For clear speech, all speakers reduced articulation rate and increased between-complex pause durations in both simple and standard reading stimuli. However, speakers with PD exhibited a significantly less robust reduction in articulation rate for clear speech than control speakers for all reading stimuli. Conclusion Linguistic content of reading stimuli contributes to differences in fundamental frequency variation and pause duration for all speakers. All speakers reduced articulation rate for clear speech compared to habitual instruction, but speakers with PD did so to a lesser extent than controls. Linguistic content of reading stimuli to examine dysprosody in PD should be considered for clinical application.

Fatigue Verification Concept for Details containing Weld Imperfections

AbstractSteel structures subjected to repeated stress variations must be verified against fatigue in accordance with EN 1993‐1‐9 on the basis of a detail catalog. As one major concern, the background of the detail classification in terms of an extensive database does not provide information on the considered quality of welds. Certain weld imperfections are present in every construction. However, the extent of imperfection sizes that can be tolerated to provide sufficient fatigue resistance has not yet been scientifically determined.On an experimental and numerical basis, the presented concept allows the quantitative connection of fatigue classes with sizes of weld imperfections. For the two representative details of the load‐carrying‐cruciform joint and the non‐load‐carrying transverse stiffener, basic fatigue classes without explicit imperfections are calculated first. Furthermore, stress increase factors were determined that indicate the decrease in fatigue strength for weld imperfections of different type and size.A combination model is used to determine the fatigue strength of a detail with multiple weld imperfections. Using a simple formula and reading fatigue classes and reduction factors in tables, the fatigue strength of an imperfect detail can be easily determined.

Consideration of the importance of measuring thermal discomfort in biomedical research.

Core temperature stability is the result of a dynamically regulated balance of heat loss and gain, which is not reflected by a simple thermometer reading. One way in which these changes manifest is in perceived thermal comfort, 'feeling too cold' or 'feeling too hot', which can activate stress pathways. Unfortunately, there is surprisingly little preclinical research that tracks changes in perceived thermal comfort in response to either disease progression or various treatments. Without measuring this endpoint, there may be missed opportunities to evaluate disease and therapy outcomes in murine models of human disease. Here, we discuss the possibility that changes in thermal comfort in mice could be a useful and physiologically relevant measure of energy trade-offs required under various physiological or pathological conditions.

Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Biosensors for Food Safety Detection.

The excessive use of pesticides and drugs, coupled with environmental pollution, has resulted in the persistence of contaminants on food. These pollutants tend to accumulate in humans through the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop rapid, low-cost, portable, and on-site biosensors for detecting food contaminants. Among various biosensors, polymer-based biosensors have emerged as promising probes for detection of food contaminants in recent years, due to their various functions such as target binding, enrichment, and simple signal reading. This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of five types of food pollutants-heavy metals, pesticide residues, pathogenic bacteria, allergens, and antibiotics-and their adverse effects on human health. Additionally, this paper focuses on the principle of polymer-based biosensors and their latest applications in detecting these five types of food contaminants in actual food samples. Furthermore, this review briefly examines the future prospects and challenges of biosensors for food safety detection. The insights provided in this review will facilitate the development of biosensors for food safety detection.

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Potential Antibacterial Agent, Antioxidant, and Colorimetric Nanoprobe for the Detection of Hg2+ Ions.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared by green synthesis have a lot of potentials in various fields. Among them,as an antioxidant, antibacterial agent, and nanoprobe for the colorimetric detection of mercury (Hg2+) ions is thought to be the most important. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and colorimetric sensing potential of the greenly produced AgNPs utilizingPiper chabastem extract are all predicted in this investigation. By using the disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of greenly produced AgNPs are assessed, and the findings are measured from the zone of inhibition (ZOI). It is revealed that theStaphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Escherichia coli,andPseudomonas aeruginosabacterial strains are significantly resisted by the greenly produced AgNPs. The antioxidant activity test of AgNPs reveals a considerable impact on free radical scavenging havingthe inhibitory concentration (IC 50) is 1.13mL (equivalent to 0.45mg mL-1). Also, with a low limit of detection of 28ppm, the resulting AgNPs are used as highly selective and economical colorimetric sensors for Hg2+detection. The study's findings support the hypothesis thatPiper chabastems can serve as a source for the production of AgNPs with high antibacterial and antioxidant activity and usefulness for simple colorimetric readings of Hg2+.

Construction of Magnetic Core-Large Mesoporous Satellite Immunosensor for Long-Lasting Chemiluminescence and Highly Sensitive Tumor Marker Determination.

Chemiluminescence immunoassay exhibits high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, thus attracting great attention in the early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of diseases. However, the collection of conventional flash-type chemiluminescence signal (<5s) relies heavily on automatic sampling and reading instrument. Herein, a novel core-satellite multifunctional chemiluminescence immunosensor is designed for the efficient enrichment and highly sensitive determination of cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with enhanced and long-lasting output signal that can be conveniently recorded by a simple microplate plate reading instrument. Anti-CEA monoclonal antibody 2 (Ab2) modified Fe3 O4 @SiO2 microspheres (Fe3 O4 @SiO2 -Ab2, 370nm in diameter) are synthesized as the core for selectively capturing and enriching target CEA in solution, and anti-human CEA monoclonal antibody 1 (Ab1) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) co-immobilized dendritic large-mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs-HRP/Ab1, 80nm in diameter, pore size: 17nm) are synthesized as the satellite for efficient immunological recognition and signal amplification. The as-designed core-satellite magnetic chemiluminescence immunosensors exhibit a broad linear range of 0.01-20ngmL-1 and a low detection limit of 3.0pgmL-1 for the convenient, highly specific, and sensitive determination of CEA in human serum. Such core-satellite chemiluminescence immunosensors are expected to act as a powerful tool for in vitro detection of various biomarkers, overcome the defect of conventional chemiluminescence relying heavily on expensive and bulky automatic instruments and popularize chemiluminescence analysis to primary medical institutions and remote areas.

PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KURIKULUM MERDEKA BAGI GURU OLAHRAGA JSIT WILAYAH BENGKULU

Freedom to Learn is an educational terms that is currently being promoted by the Minister of Education and Culture. It is hoped that the principle of Freedom to Learn can accelerate the process of education reform in Indonesia, which has so far been considered to be slowly withering. Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar is motivated by the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) which shows that 70% of students aged 15 years are below the minimum competence in understanding simple reading or applying basic mathematical concepts. This community service activity focuses on sports teachers in JSIT Bengkulu who are given training on the content of Kurikulum Merdeka and Profil Pancasila, then the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka and Profil Pancasila in PJOK learning. The method used in this activity is Lectures on the Content of Kurikulum Merdeka and Profil Pancasila students, the Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka and Profil Pancasila in PJOK learning). Evaluation of the success of this activity is carried out smoothly and well. The response of the participants during this activity was very positive and very enthusiastic. Where the theme of this activity is useful for all sports teachers who are members of JSIT in carrying out kurikum merdeka belajar learning.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MONOLOG PERFORMANCE THROUGH A NARRATIVE VIDEO

Monolog is one of the speaking skills that should be mastered by the students in learning a language. This skill needs many criteria that should be mastered by any speaker. There are some components in monolog performance that show whether someone meets the criteria of being success in performing his/her monolog or not. They include body language, grammar, pronunciation, fluency, speed etc. Though, before performing their monolog they have been given a simple story read in the classroom, the result of their monolog are far from being good enough. Their drawbacks can be analyzed that they are lack of getting exposed from English activities that support their performance. They can be in form watching film or video or lack of stimulus to develop their English skill performance. To improve their skill, narrative video is used to let them have more opportunity to improve their monolog. The method shows that their performance increases after they are given an independent task to watch a narrative video several times.

Soiling model for spectral reflectance of solar mirrors

In concentrating solar power plants, mirrors are used to redirect solar radiation onto a receiver. The optical yield of a plant is related to the mean value of the near-specular reflectance in the range of interest of incidence and acceptance angles for that plant. To avoid the need for an exhaustive measurement of the solar mirror at various incidence and acceptance angles, a predictive method based on the Equivalent Model Algorithm for Solar Mirrors was recently proposed. Whilst developed for clean surfaces, unfortunately that model is inaccurate for soiled solar mirrors. In this paper, an additional model to describe the spectral reflectance loss caused by soiling of solar mirrors is presented and successfully tested on a set of artificially and naturally-soiled specimens. The model is based on absorption, scattering and diffraction. Its parameters are obtained by best-fitting a set of experimental hemispherical and near-specular reflectance spectra, both in soiled and cleaned state. The best-fit software developed is now published as open source software, providing access also to non-specialized users. The model also allows to correlate simple handheld reflectometer readings used in the solar field (with typically limited spectral and acceptance angle information) to the most meaningful parameter determining the plant yield: the solar-weighted near-specular spectral reflectance of the soiled reflector. Such correlations are specific for the plant, the kind of local dust and the chosen portable reflectometer.

Ordinal pattern transition networks in eye tracking reading signals

Eye tracking is an emerging technology with a wide spectrum of applications, including non-invasive neurocognitive diagnosis. An advantage of the use of eye trackers is in the improved assessment of indirect latent information about several aspects of the subjects' neurophysiology. The path to uncover and take advantage of the meaning and implications of this information, however, is still in its very early stages. In this work, we apply ordinal patterns transition networks as a means to identify subjects with dyslexia in simple text reading experiments. We registered the tracking signal of the eye movements of several subjects (either normal or with diagnosed dyslexia). The evolution of the left-to-right movement over time was analyzed using ordinal patterns, and the transitions between patterns were analyzed and characterized. The relative frequencies of these transitions were used as feature descriptors, with which a classifier was trained. The classifier is able to distinguish typically developed vs dyslexic subjects with almost 100% accuracy only analyzing the relative frequency of the eye movement transition from one particular permutation pattern (plain left to right) to four other patterns including itself. This characterization helps understand differences in the underlying cognitive behavior of these two groups of subjects and also paves the way to several other potentially fruitful analyses applied to other neurocognitive conditions and tests.