Simple Inverter Research Articles

NOR Gate Based LED Inverter

In this paper, the design and simulation of the LED inverter circuit using NOR gate in Proteus software is described. The aim of the practical is to show that simple digital inverter can be created with the NOR gate which is the universal gate and the LED will be used to show that the logic circuit is working. Incidentally, to turn the NOR gate into an inverter, it simply involves linking both inputs together and that simplifies all the layout. The simulation of the circuit was done using proteus software and as the input of the NOR gate-based inverter is changed the output LED source is also changed, and the functionality of the circuit is proved. The paper includes information about control Nor Gate in inverter configuration, the significance of digital logic circuit in basic electronics, and the utility of the Proteus software within learning and prototyping settings. The outcome supports that a NOR gate can invert depicted input indication and can power an LED in a straightforward, low-priced circuit, which forms the basis of more complicated digital set of rules circuits

A simple and efficient resonant DC link inverter with low current stress on main switch

This paper proposes a simple and efficient resonant DC link inverter topology with low current stress on main switches. The inverter has a straightforward structure and is readily controllable, avoids the auxiliary resonant current passing through the main switches of the inverter, and the current passing through the main switches remains consistently equivalent to the load current, thus reducing the current stress and the switching loss of the main switches, thereby the inverter’s efficiency is increased. The proposed inverter’s operating principle is examined and contrasted with the inverter described in the literature. Ultimately, the validity of the resonant DC link inverter is demonstrated through simulation.

Wind Turbine Generation System Implemented with a Car Alternator for Use in Isolated Locations

This work presents a wind driven AC electrical generator system for use in isolated locations. The mechanical energy is provided by a vertical axis wind turbine, connected to a standard car alternator. This arrangement requires no mechanical speed control and, as far as possible, can be produced and serviced in many workshops in third word countries, without special tooling and using locally available materials and parts. Controlling the alternator field current a regulated 12 Vdc supply is generated. The 12 Vdc (nominal) output is fed to the power electronic block formed by a chopper up-converter and an inverter stage. Four different output units are available, providing four different quality outputs: a simple non-filtered single phase square wave inverter; a filtered PWM-controlled single phase inverter providing a line-line AC supply (115 V rms, 60 Hz, for Venezuela); a standard low power UPS; and a filtered PWM-controlled three-phase AC supply (208 V rms, 60 Hz, for Venezuela). This work presents the initial test results, using the alternator and the power electronic blocks, and emulating the wind turbine with an AC motor.

Performance investigations of five-level reduced switches count Η-bridge multilevel inverter

Introduction. This research paper describes a simple five-level single-phase pulse-width modulated inverter topology for photovoltaic grid applications. Multilevel inverters, as opposed to conventional two-level inverters, include more than two levels of voltage while using multiple power switches and lower-level DC voltage levels as input to produce high power, easier, and less modified oscillating voltage. The H-bridge multilevel inverter seems to have a relatively simple circuit design, needs minimal power switching elements, and provides higher efficiency among various types of topologies for multi-level inverters that are presently accessible. Nevertheless, using more than one DC source for more than three voltage levels and switching and conduction losses, which primarily arise in major power switches, continue to be a barrier. The novelty of the proposed work consists of compact modular inverter configuration to connect a photovoltaic system to the grid with fewer switches. Purpose. The proposed system aims to decrease the number of switches, overall harmonic distortions, and power loss. By producing distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count rises while lowering power losses, the constituted optimizes power quality without the need for passive filters. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with gating pulses and various pulse width modulation technique. Results. With conventional topology, total harmonic distortion, power switches, output voltage, current, power losses, and the number of DC sources are investigated. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely useful for deploying photovoltaic-based stand-alone multilevel inverters in grid applications.

Investigation of efficient multilevel inverter for photovoltaic energy system and electric vehicle applications

Introduction. This research presents a simple single-phase pulse-width modulated 7-level inverter topology for renewable system which allows home-grid applications with electric vehicle charging. Although multilevel inverters have appealing qualities, their vast range of application is limited by the use of more switches in the traditional arrangement. As a result, a novel symmetrical 7-level inverter is proposed, which has the fewest number of unidirectional switches with gate circuits, providing the lowest switching losses, conduction losses, total harmonic distortion and higher efficiency than conventional topology. The novelty of the proposed work consists of a novel modular inverter structure for photovoltaic energy system and electric vehicle applications with fewer numbers of switches and compact in size. Purpose. The proposed system aims to reduce switch count, overall harmonic distortions, and power loss. There are no passive filters required, and the constituted optimizes power quality by producing distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count increases while reducing power losses. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented with MATLAB/Simulink, using gating pulses and various pulse-width modulation methodologies. Moreover, the proposed model also has been validated and compared to the hardware system. Results. Total harmonic distortion, number of power switches, output voltage, current, power losses and number of DC sources are investigated with conventional topology. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely beneficial for implementing photovoltaic-based stand-alone multilevel inverter and electric vehicle charging applications.

Optimal Inverter Control Strategies for a PV Power Generation with Battery Storage System in Microgrid

Power generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is unpredictable due to climate or weather changes. Therefore, more control strategies are required to maintain the proper power supply in the entire microgrid. This paper presents a simulation scheme utilizing a solar system instanced by Photovoltaic (PV) panels coupled to the grid, loads, and an energy storage device. At first, modeling the PV panels cell and their operation were analyzed. The synthesis of the adaptive notch filter was designed to compensate for the input currents. The power converter’s/inverter’s efficiency and control facility allowed us to link the energy storage system with an electrical grid. Several simulations were accomplished consistently with nonlinear control techniques for the simple inverter, multi-variable filter, notch filter, and without a filter. Finally, the performances of the nonlinear controller with various filters were carried out to regulate the DC bus of the proposed grid. The advantage of these controllers is compensating the reactive power and harmonic currents to obtain a disturbance-free power network. The overall installations and simulations were established using the Matlab/Simulink software.

Three-Phase Inverter Fed Adjustable Field IPMSM Drive Utilizing Zero-Sequence Current

This article proposes a three-phase four-wire inverter drive system for an adjustable field interior permanent magnet synchronous motor utilizing magnetic saturation. The magnetic saturation is regarded as a phenomenon of a decrease in permeability depending on an extra magnetic field. In the proposed motor, the number of flux linkage can be controlled by modulating the permeability of magnetic leakage paths in the rotor. However, the proposed adjustable field method requires an additional magnetomotive force (m.m.f.) to control the permeability. Therefore, a zero-sequence current <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> fed by the three-phase four-wire inverter is utilized as the additional m.m.f. source. Thereby, the field control can be achieved with a simple three-phase inverter without sacrificing the number of switching devices compared with conventional motor drives. In the article, the control algorithm of the three-phase four-wire inverter is discussed, and its usefulness is verified by comparing the proposed drive system with other methods or systems.

A DC‐coupled 1.2 μW 0.012 mm 2 per channel neural amplifiers array with 75 dB system common mode rejection ratio and 300 mV common mode interference

System common mode rejection ratio (SCMRR) and common mode interference (CMI) range are two critical design specifications for multiple-channel neural recording front-end circuit in a freely moving animal experiment environment. This letter presents a neural amplifiers array consisting of 15 DC-coupled inverter-based recording channels, a reference channel and a shared voltage averaging circuit (VAC) with floating rail Common Mode Feedback (CMFB) to achieve high SCMRR and large CMI range. Meanwhile, power consumption and area are optimized through using simple inverter architecture and removal of the conventional on-chip AC-coupled capacitors. The proposed neural amplifier circuit is implemented in SMIC standard 0.18 μm CMOS process, achieving a typical 75 dB SCMRR (DC-80 Hz), 300 mV CMI range, 1.2 μW power consumption and 0.012 mm2 area per channel. The circuit is validated both by bench-top test and in-vivo animal experiment.

Heuristic Approach in Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator Design for V.C.O. Based Analog to Digital Conterters

Abstract This paper introduces a procedure that relies on Computer Aided Design tools (industry compatible SPICE simulator and MATLAB) to get a first rapid design solution for a ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that can be further analyzed and optimized for usage in a VCO based analog to digital converter (ADC). Due to the fact that linearity is a key performance metric of an ADC a special attention will be given to this characteristic during the design and for this matter control mechanism will be analyzed. To exemplify the design procedure two different delay cell topologies (simple inverter and pseudo-differential cross-coupled inverters) will be analyzed and designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology.

Highly radiation-tolerant polymer field-effect transistors with polystyrene dielectric layer

There is high demand for radiation-tolerant devices for use in electronic applications in extreme irradiation environments, but conventional silicon transistors cannot satisfy the device requirements. In this work, we systematically investigated the total ionizing dose (TID) responses of polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs). By selecting suitable polymer gate dielectric materials (especially PS), it is found that these PFETs show significantly improved tolerances to the TID. Specifically, a PFET fabricated using polystyrene as its gate dielectric layer can maintain more than 95% of its electrical performance even after exposure to a TID of 7.5 Mrad (SiO2). The irradiated device has a long shelf lifetime that exceeds 1000 days. Simple inverter circuits were also fabricated and also demonstrated tolerance to a high TID of 7.5 Mrad. This work provides a possible solution for the development of PFETs for applications in extreme irradiation environments.

Induction Heating of Two Magnetically Independent Loads With a Single Transmitter

This article introduces the design of a system capable of heating two magnetically independent ferromagnetic loads placed on different horizontal planes, which uses a combination of induction heating and inductive coupling, called inductively coupled heating. The system uses a single primary inductor acting as a transmitter to transfer power to a secondary inductor attached to the bottom load, which is connected electrically with a third inductor that heats the top load. Since power of the whole system is supplied by a simple half-bridge inverter, the ratio of the delivered power to each of the loads, which is critical for cooking results, is entirely dependent on the system's geometry, coil's number of turns, and compensation capacitors. A finite-element model is used to simulate the magnetic fields generated by inductor currents and calculate the impedance matrix. With the impedance, capacitor values and inductors’ number of turns are selected with the objective of achieving a high power ratio between the top and bottom zones, as well as minimizing stress in the electronics. First, a prototype was built to validate the impedance results in the small-signal regime, and then, the full power regime was used to verify power and current simulations

Simple Lossless Inductive Snubbers-Assisted Series Load Resonant Inverter Operating under ZCS-PDM Scheme for High-Frequency Induction Heating Fixed Roller

This paper presents a high-frequency pulse-density-modulated (PDM) soft-switching series load resonant inverter for use in induction heating (IH) fixed roller applications, which is used in copy and printing machines. The proposed simple high-frequency resonant inverter uses an asymmetrical pulse pattern PDM control scheme to achieve complete zero-current soft-switching commutations over a wide output range of input power regulation. Additionally, when the printer toner requires operation in very light load conditions, this causes difficulty in achieving zero-voltage or zero-current soft-switching operations in the IH high-frequency resonant inverters with pulse frequency modulation or pulse width modulation control schemes. The proposed resonant inverter demonstrates the capability to accomplish highly efficient power conversions. In this work, a fixed roller for printing machines is developed for doing experiments to verify the efficiency of the proposed circuit topology and its PDM control schemes. The inverter’s steady-state and transient operating principles are analyzed based on the proposed control strategy at a high-frequency PDM. Operating conditions such as power loss analysis, power conversion efficiency and temperature rise characteristics of the proposed inverter are presented and analyzed through experimental results. Finally, from a practical viewpoint, a comparative study of a conventional halogen lamp heater and the proposed IH fixed roller is deliberated.

Frequency doubler based on unipolar thin-film-transistor technologies

In this study, a new simulation-based design of thin-film-transistor (TFT) frequency-doubling circuits is proposed. Considering the increasingly high technological relevance of novel TFT channel materials showing strongly unipolar charge transport characteristics, the proposed frequency doubler adopts a unipolar circuit topology composed of organic p-type TFTs as a model system. By comparing different circuit structures and optimizing key TFT parameters, an apparent symmetry at the specific, non-traditional voltage-transfer curve of the simple two-transistor logic inverter is obtained, which is directly exploited to produce an ideal frequency-multiplying behavior over a wide operational frequency range.

A novel high torque density six‐phase axial‐flux permanent magnet synchronous motor with 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding configuration

The three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (three-phase PMSM) has gained much popularity in many applications due to its various advantages. In addition, due to the good fault tolerance, simple inverter circuit structure and high torque density, the six-phase PMSM has better prospects than three-phase PMSM in biomedical devices, electric vehicles and other fields with high reliability requirements. In this study, a six-phase axial-flux PMSM inherently without cogging torque is proposed to improve torque density, which equips the 60° phase-belt toroidal winding (60°TW) and slotless stator core. Based on the same effective volume, permanent magnet material, power grade and the other major motor parameters, two six-phase PMSMs with 30° phase-belt toroidal winding (30°TW) and 60°TW are designed, respectively. The armature reaction field, air gap magnetic density, back-electromotive force, output torque, loss characteristic and torque-speed characteristic are compared by using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element models in detail. Finally, the experimental test is carried out using the prototype of three-phase PMSM with 120° phase-belt toroidal winding. The experimental results indirectly verify the feasibility of 60° phase-belt toroidal winding and correctness of 3D FEM. The 3D FEM analysis results are presented to show that torque density of the proposed six-phase PMSM with 60°TW is improved in comparison to the six-phase PMSM with 30°TW. Index Terms—60° phase-belt toroidal winding, axial flux, six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, torque density

Three-Phase Transformerless Inverter for Photovoltaic Grid Connected System with Zero Common Mode Noise

The pervasion of transformerless grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters has triggered the concerns of many researchers since it can induce power quality problems. In these types of applications, the generation of common mode (CM) leakage current is one of the major factors that affects the reliability of the overall design. In single-phase systems, the concept of the common ground between the PV negative terminal and the neutral point of the grid is the only topology that “totally” cancels this CM noise. However, none of the existing three-phase inverter techniques is able to totally remove it. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-phase PV inverter based on the concept applied in the single-phase system in order to achieve, for the first time, a zero CM noise in three-phase grid-connected PV applications. The proposed inverter is simulated with a PV array, appropriate modulation technique, corresponding inverter controller, and a three-phase Y-connected alternating current (AC) grid voltage. The simulation of the overall system is done using Matlab/Simulink software. As compared with results of existing three-phase topologies, this is the only three-phase transformerless PV inverter technique that offers generation of multilevel output, total elimination of leakage current flow, simple inverter structure, and uncomplicated modulation technique.

Seven-Level Inverter with Reduced Switches for PV System Supporting Home-Grid and EV Charger

This paper proposes a simple single-phase new pulse-width modulated seven-level inverter architecture for photovoltaic (PV) systems supporting home-grid with electric vehicle (EV) charging port. The proposed inverter includes a reduced number of power components and passive elements size, while showing less output-voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), and unity power factor operation. In addition, the proposed inverter requires simple control and switching strategies compared to recently published topologies. A comparative study was performed to compare the proposed inverter structure with the recent inverter topologies based on the number of components in the inverter circuit, number of components per output-voltage level, average number of active switches, THD, and operating efficiency as effective parameters for inverter performance evaluation. For design and validation purposes, numerical and analytical models for a grid-tied solar PV system driven by the proposed seven-level inverter were developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The inverter performance was evaluated considering grid-integration and stand-alone home with level-2 AC EV charger (3–6 kW). Compared with recently published topologies, the proposed inverter utilizes a reduced number of power components (7 switches) for seven-level terminal voltage synthesis. An experimental prototype for proposed inverter with the associated controller was built and tested for a stand-alone and grid-integrated system. Due to the lower number of ON-switches, the inverter operating efficiency was enhanced to 92.86% with load current THD of 3.43% that follows the IEEE standards for DER applications.

Using Improved MPPT Charge Controller Improvement Functioning Efficiency of Power Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

In recent decades, the world’s energy demand is closely linked to the rise of manufacturing, transport and the media. Today, large amount of the power is provided by non-renewable energy including coal, natural gas, oil and uranium. Pace of regeneration of energy is very sluggish, which adds to the possibility of short-term depletion. This paper focuses on power grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The primary objective is to regulating power pumped into the grid from solar panels and improving the configuration and regulation of inverters as used to supply electricity to the grid with optimum efficiency and according to networking requests as an interface between the grid and photovoltaic systems. The infused power management not only contains the aggressive force control but also the reactive power control. An algorithm is proposed for the design of a simple and robust grid-connected inverter power. It is based on the strategy for digital power. The proposed work analyses and improves the constraints of the VSCs’ Voltage Source Converters as converters for supplying active and reactive power into the grid, ensuring the best possible connection from the solar panels, ensuring effective operation of the inverter, increasing the current injection into the grid power and harmonic levels.

Analisis Kualitas Daya Listrik Pada Penggunaan Modul Surya Sederhana Untuk Pompa Air Rumah Tangga

The use of solar modules to meet the needs of everyday life is something interesting to use. Harmonics is a phenomenon of power quality deviation that can distort voltage and current waveforms. In this experiment, a simple inverter with 1000 W capability will be used, then will be loaded with water pumps and other household appliances. The method used is to measure the power factor and harmonics generated by using a measuring device. In this process needs to be assessed and will be seen using the ability of the inverter and the quality of the electric power generated in this solar power generation system. Based on the results of measurements and calculations on a water pump with a power of 680 W and 1 incandescent lamp with a power of 60 Watts, the value of the power factor generated is 0.95 while the total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) value is when the water pump load is THDv 1.9 % and at THDv incandescent lamps 1.6%.

A Simple Sinusoidal Buck Converter Working as A Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter

The need for a simple grid-connected inverter is increasing. The integration of a simple buck converter and a push-pull converter to be a grid-connected inverter is presented in this paper. The buck converter is controlled by a sinusoidal duty ratio to produce a series positive half-cycle of a sine wave. Then, the push-pull converter solves it to generate the complete sinusoidal output voltage and current. Moreover, grid synchronization works properly by sensing the grid voltage, which is then used as a reference voltage to connect the inverter to the grid successfully. The grid sees the inverter as a resistive load with a unity power factor. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current is 4.87% for the THD grid voltage of 2.07%.

Optical bistability in diode-end-pumped dual-wavelength Yb:YAG laser for all-optical switching

Abstract We originally present the optical bistability in a dual-wavelength Yb:YAG laser for all-optical switching. The theoretical investigation of the lasing wavelengths was proposed and a plano-concave laser cavity was designed to achieve the laser oscillations. The continuous-wave, dual-wavelengths at 1030 and 1050 nm were operated in a co-linear laser beam. Optical bistability in the Yb:YAG laser was observed and attributed to the reabsorption process. The results suggested that excellent switching characteristics can be utilized to generate all-optical logic gates and simple inverter switches. The performances of the Yb:YAG provides a pathway to engineering materials for future applications based on optical bistability.