Similar Examples Research Articles

ZONGULDAK/ÇAYCUMA’DA ÇANTI TEKNİĞİNDE İNŞA EDİLMİŞ BİR CAMİ: AKÇAHATİPLER KÖYÜ CAMİ

Wood has been the main traditional building material for centuries in the northern parts of Anatolia and has been used in different types of buildings. Mosques built with the “çantı technique”, which is defined as the wooden masonry construction system used in the Black Sea Region; although it is seen intensely in the region, it is among the cultural assets that are in danger of extinction due to the deterioration of the wooden material. Within the scope of this study, the çantı construction technique and the çantı mosque tradition in Anatolia are discussed, and the Çaycuma Akçahatipler Village Mosque, located in the Western Black Sea Region, has been examined. The study aims to reveal the characteristics of the period by making an architectural analysis of the Çaycuma Akçahatipler Village mosque, which is one of the examples of çantı mosques, and by examining both historically close and architectural features comparatively with similar examples.
 In this study, qualitative research methods such as literature research and interviews with individuals were supported by fieldwork. With the findings based on photography, on-site measurements, drawings and observations, spatial and facade analysis of Çaycuma Akçahatipler Village Mosque were made and its structural features were mentioned. The building shows a rectangular plan without a portico, developing in the direction of the north-south axis perpendicular to the mihrab wall. The corner connections of the building were constructed using the “kurtboğazı” technique, by the general situation. While the building draws attention with its monumental dimensions, it is important in terms of presenting an example of a çantı mosque located in the Western Black Sea Region and preserved until today. This study is a preliminary documentation study to increase the visibility of the structure and ensure that it is protected. It is also known that the “çantı” construction system is used not only in mosques but also in residential architecture in the village. It can be stated that the “çantı” construction system, which is a product of the 7000-year-old wooden construction tradition, is also extremely important in terms of historical continuity, with its use in buildings serving different functions in Akçahatipler Village.

Study of Unsupervised Machine Learning using Clustering Algorithms

With the rising popularity of AI, taking a look at its deficiencies is significant in perceiving how well AI is applicable. Is it conceivable to apply the grouping with a small dataset? This paper comprises of a writing study, a review and an examination. It examines how two distinct AI calculations DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) and K-implies run on a dataset. Making a study where we can see genuinely what the vast majority picked and apply grouping with the information from the review to affirm in the event that the bunching has similar examples as what individuals have picked measurably. It was feasible to recognize designs with grouping calculations utilizing a little dataset. The writing concentrates on show models that the two calculations have been utilized effectively. It's feasible to see designs utilizing DBSCAN and K-implies on a little dataset. The size of the dataset isn't really the main perspective to think about, component and boundary choice are both significant as the need might arise to be tuned and tweaked to the information.

Directed C–H borylation: From metal catalysis to metal free

<p indent="0mm">Organoborons play a highly important role in many science fields, range from synthetic chemistry to materials science to medicinal chemistry. The C−H borylation strategy has made significant development in recent decades, and its reaction system is changing from noble-metal catalysis to more environmentally friendly metal-free systems. Typically, an organic molecule contains multiple C−H bonds with subtle difference in activation barrier. Therefore, controlling the positional selectivity represents a key challenge in complex molecules. To override this intrinsic selectivity, introducing a directing group in molecules can exhibit different site-selectivity. This review focuses on the development of ortho-selective borylation of (hetero)arenes by various directing groups, including: (1) Metal-catalyzed directed C−H borylation; and (2) metal-free directed C−H borylation. The directed C−H borylation is shifting from noble metals to metal-free systems, breaking through the dependence of traditional means on metal catalysts and broadening the concept of C–H functionalization. In the first section, the development of transition metal catalysts for directed C−H<italic> </italic>borylation is summarized. Among various catalysts, the iridium complexes have proven to be most active toward C−H borylation. The 16e intermediate <sc>[Ir(dtbpy)(Bpin)₃] </sc>(dtbpy=4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, Bpin = 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane) has been proved to be the catalytically active species in the [Ir(X)(cod)]₂/dtbpy (X=OMe or Cl, cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) catalyzed directed C−H borylation. Three different strategies have been developed for the direct regioselective C−H bond borylation: Chelate directed, relay directed, and outer-sphere directed. Notably, dimethylsilyl can be employed as the directing group in Ir-catalyzed ortho-borylation of arenes. In addition to iridium, the use of other transition metal catalysts including rhodium and palladium has met some success as well. The second section first analyses the disadvantages of traditional C−H<italic> </italic>borylation by transition metal catalysts. The requirement of precious metals and metal residues in the final product will limit the application of these processes, especially in large-scale synthesis. Alternatively, some novel metal-free electrophilic borylations of arenes have been reported which proceed via borenium or boronium species, but stoichiometric quantities of by-products are formed at the same time. Therefore, the development of simpler and efficient metal-free C−H bond borylation is highly desirable. Then we show our discovery on the development of a talent approach for the C−H bond borylation of (hetero)arenes including indoles, pyrroles and amides using the readily available BBr₃ without any additive. Other groups also reported some similar examples after our discovery. The concluding section of this review discusses the significance of the directed C−H<italic> </italic>borylation under metal-free conditions, and limitations of the known approaches in this field. The additional breakthroughs required to further advance the metal-free C−H functionalization are described in the concluding section of this review. We hope that this review will not only present the most exciting new discoveries for the C–H borylation of feedstock chemicals into valuable organoboron products, but also provide valuable guidance for researchers, especially in drug and natural product research, facilitating the continued development of synthetic chemistry.

Teaching Queer History in the GAPE Classroom

AbstractDigitization of archival materials has made it easier not only to analyze queer history during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, but also to include these sources in the classroom. For instructors interested in incorporating queer history into their classrooms, this piece highlights specific examples of these queer primary sources and what they reveal about the queer past. Focusing specifically on criminal statutes, legal records, newspaper articles, medical discourse, and firsthand accounts, this introduction to queer archival sources emphasizes how these sources can be incorporated into class lectures and discussions, as well as directing attention to where similar examples can be found online in digital archives and databases.

Otogarden

In this article we present ludomusicological research associated with the development of the video game Otogarden. Players of Otogarden are able to repeat short musical phrases through the use of a loop mechanic, juxtaposing sounds extemporaneously. By using the methodology of research through design, Otogarden addresses aesthetic and design issues related to musical participation in video games. Specifically, this article argues that video games, a contemporary venue for technologically augmented musicking, can allow access to novel forms of musical improvisation. In fact, while video games afford a remarkable variety of musicking, examples related to musical improvisation remain underexplored, with popular games favoring score-based interactions, as established by titles such as Guitar Hero or Rock Band. In similar examples, music is presented as a task to be completed, mediated by prerecorded compositions and simplified notations. Notable exceptions, such as the experimental game Electroplankton, have been criticized specifically for their lack of composition-oriented functionalities, seemingly neglecting the inherent value of improvisatory musical practices in video games. Otogarden challenges this understanding of a “music game” by focusing on the largely untapped potential of musical improvisation, “an activity of enormous complexity and sophistication, or the simplest and most direct expression.”1 In order to gain feedback on Otogarden’s special characteristics, we held a playtesting session with a sample of university students (N=21) with a special interest in music and music education. We collected research data from this session in the form of a survey. Analysis reveals different manifested perspectives, offering players novel creative opportunities. In addition, the game has surprising potential as a music-education tool. We conclude that it is possible to deliberately stimulate players’ perspective on the game in an improvisatory musical direction, making evident the extemporaneous musical possibilities connected with digital game engagement.

مُخَالَفَةُ القِياسِ النَّحويِّ في شِعْرِ اِمْرِئ القَيْس

تناولَ هذا البحثُ قضيةً هامةً من قضايا علمِ النحو، هي ظاهرةُ مخالفةِ القياسِ النَّحويِّ لدى امرئ القيس، إذ إنَّ ظاهرةَ مخالفةِ القياسِ ظاهرةٌ شائكةٌ إلّا أنّها منتشرةٌ في ثنايا كُتُبِ النَّحو، فلا يكادُ يَخلو كتابٌ من كُتُبِ النَّحو إلّا وَضَمَّ مجموعةً من أوجهِ مخالفةِ القياسِ، وهذا ما سيحاولُ البحثُ إلقاءَ الضوءِ عليهِ وتفسيرهِ من خلالِ تحديدِ أهمِّ المخالفاتِ التي وقعتْ في شعرِ امرئ القيسِ، وبيانَ رأي النحاةِ فيها، بَينَ مُبرّرٍ لهِ وبينِ مُستنكرٍ عليهِ، وإنْ كان خروجُهُ هذا في أغلبهِ كان من بابِ الضرورةِ الشعريّةِ لا من بابِ تمرّدِهِ على قواعدِ اللغةِ، إذ اعتبرهُ النُّحاةُ خروجًا مقبولًا لَهُ أمثلةٌ مشابهةٌ لدى غيرهِ من شعراءِ عصرهِ أو ممّن لاحقوا بهِ من العصورِ التاليةِ لعصرهِ، لأنَّ المعنى المرادَ قد يتطّلبُ خروجًا عن المشهورِ والمُطّردِ في الاستعمالِ لتحقيقِ أغراضٍ فنيةٍ وجماليةٍ في نظمِ القصيدةِ، لذا ينبغي ألّا ننظرَ إلى اللفظِ بمعزلٍ عن التركيبِ كما فعلَ بعضُ النُّحاةِ ممّن عَابَ كَلَّ خروجٍ عن مقتضى الظاهرِ في القياسِ.

PANDEMİ AŞILARI VE İLAÇLARINDA PATENT KORUMASININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

COVID-19 salgını, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde dünya çapında bir salgın (küresel pandemi) olarak duyuruldu. DSÖ, bu duyuru ile ülkeleri, salgının küresel ekonomide ve sağlıkta benzeri görülmemiş bir krizi temsil ettiği konusunda uyardı. Her ne kadar ülkeler çeşitli seviyelerde almış oldukları sokağa çıkma yasakları, dönüşümlü ya da evden çalışma, sınırların kapatılması ya da yabancılara karantina uygulanması gibi kısıtlama ve tedbirlerle salgını önlemeye çalışsalar da bu tedbirlerin çok da işe yaradığı söylenemez. Zira alınan tedbirler salgını sona erdirmeyip sadece süreci yavaşlatmaktadır. Salgının bir süre daha devam etmesi halinde ise sonucu en başta fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak insan sağlığını etkileyecek; bununla da sınırlı kalmayıp ekonomi, sanayi, eğitim ve turizm gibi alanlarda telafisi yıllarca mümkün olmayacak zararlara sebebiyet verecektir. 2020 yılı başlarında kısa bir süre içerisinde dünyayı etkisi altına almasına rağmen etkisini uzun süredir devam ettiren COVID-19 salgınını önleyebilmek için şu an elimizde bulunan en etkili ilaç COVID-19 aşılarıdır. Aralık 2020 sonu itibarıyla aşıya erişebilen ülkelerde öncelikli gruplardan başlanmak üzere aşılama başlamıştır. 18 Temmuz 2021 tarihi itibariyle dünya genelinde 3.66 milyar doz aşı yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bazı ülkeler iki doz aşı hedefine ulaşmaya çalışırken ülkemizde de olduğu gibi bazı bölgelerde üçüncü doz aşılamaya geçmişlerdir. Yemen, Mali gibi ülkelerde bu oran oldukça düşükken Haiti gibi bazı gelişmemiş ülkelerde ise henüz tek doz dahi aşı uygulanmamıştır. Koronavirüsün hızlı mutasyon geçiren yapısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda dünya genelinde eş zamanda aşılama uygulanmadan salgının bitmeyeceği ve sektörler üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini daha yıllarca sürdüreceği ortadadır. Bu nedenle Dünya Ticaret Örgütü ve bazı dünya liderlerinin açıklamalarıyla birlikte COVID-19 aşıları ve tedavileri için ilaç şirketlerinin patent yükümlülüklerinden feragat etmesinin mümkün olup olmayacağı hususunda tartışmalar gündeme gelmiştir. Zira, içinde bulunduğumuz bu olağanüstü dönemde TRIPS Anlaşması kapsamında patent hakkının ilaç şirketlerine sağlamış olduğu yasal koruma ile insanların temel haklarından olan ilaçlara erişim hakkı arasında bir denge kurulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 aşı ve ilaçlarından patent korumasının kaldırıp kaldırılamayacağı hususu benzer örnekler dikkate alınarak analiz edilecektir.

A Novel Approach to Explainable AI using Formal Concept Lattice

Current approaches in explainable AI use an interpretable model to approximate a black box model or use gradient techniques to determine the salient parts of the input. While it is true that such approaches provide intuition about the black box model, the primary purpose of an explanation is to be exact at an individual instance and also from a global perspective, which is difficult to obtain using such model based approximations or from salient parts. On the other hand, traditional, deterministic approaches satisfy this primary purpose of explainability of being exact at an individual instance and globally, while posing a challenge to scale for large amounts of data. In this work, we propose a deterministic, novel approach to explainability using a formal concept lattice for classification problems, that reveal accurate explanations both globally and locally, including generation of similar and contrastive examples around an instance. This technique consists of preliminary lattice construction, synthetic data generation using implications from the preliminary lattice followed by actual lattice construction which is used to generate local, global, similar and contrastive explanations. Using sanity tests like Implementation Invariance, Input transformation Invariance, Model parameter randomization sensitivity and model-outcome relationship randomization sensitivity, its credibility is proven. Explanations from the lattice are compared to a white box model in order to prove its trustworthiness.

Some Thoughts on a Table Amphora Type (AF1) in Arycanda

Recent archaeological excavations carried out between 2004-2013 in the eastern Lycian city of Arycanda in S.W. Turkey, have exposed a late antique quarter that includes several well-dated deposits in several buildings such as Bathhouse, a Peristyle House and related spaces. These ceramic deposits yielded significant fine red slipped and coarse wares from the late antique period. A table amphora form named AF1 from Arycanda has morphologically unique specifications according to its clay specifications. The ceramic data from the deposits at Arycanda have been shown that AF1 was in heavy use in the Vth century A.D. According to technical observations on the fired clays of the Arycanda examples indicated here, eastern Lycian workshops might have produced these vessels. Analogical comparisons of morphologies and clays suggest that this form spread out to other parts of Lycia and the surrounding regions in Late Antiquity. Similar examples from Paphos indicate that AF1 was also possibly exported to Western Cyprus. This paper aims to present and discuss some thoughts on morphological specifications, chronology, possible production sites, and distributions of AF1

Kaybolan Bir Kültür Varlığımız “Çermik Hanı” ve Kervan Yolu Güzergâhı

Kervanların konaklama ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması yanında yolların güvenliği açısından da önemli yapılar olan hanlar özellikle XIII. yüzyılda Anadolu’nun her yanına yayılmış ticaret ağını gözler önüne sermektedir. Korunaklı ve sağlam yapılar olmalarına karşın zaman içerisinde birçoğu işlevini yitirdiğinden günümüze çok azı ulaşabilmiştir. Son yıllara kadar harap durumda olan ancak yol çalışmaları esnasında yıkılan bu hanlardan biri de Diyarbakır İline 90 km mesafede Çermik İlçe merkezinde yer alan Çermik Hanı’dır. Eşodaklı hanlar grubunda bulunan Çermik Hanı, benzer plan örnekleri göz önüne alınarak XIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısına tarihlendirilen bir Anadolu Selçuklu yapısıdır. Kareye yakın dikdörtgen bir alan kaplayan yapı, girişe paralel bir duvarla ortadan ikiye ayrılmıştır. Tamamen kapalı bölümlerden oluşan hanı ikiye bölen duvarın doğusu kapalı avlu, eyvanlar ve servis bölümleri, batısı ise barınma bölümü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Dağlık bir arazide ve kışın kullanımı zor bir yol güzergâhında yer alan yapı, bir yol ayrımında yer almaktadır. Çermik’ten ayrılan yol güzergâhı kısa bir yoldan Diyarbakır’ı, Kâhta ve Malatya'ya bağlarken diğer bir yol Siverek üzerinden Şanlıurfa’ya bağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, bir taraftan Çermik Hanı’nın varlığını duyurarak yol güzergâhlarının tespitine katkıda bulunmak diğer taraftan halen var olup bakımsız durumda olan yapılara dikkat çekerek bu yapıların önemini vurgulamaktır.

New insights into the structural development and shortening of the southern Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (Rügen, Germany) based on balanced cross sections

Late Pleistocene glacitectonism at the southern Scandinavian Ice Sheet margin caused folding and thrusting of Upper Cretaceous chalk layers and Pleistocene glacial deposits in parts of the southwestern Baltic Sea area in Europe. Beside Møns Klint (SE Denmark), the Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (JGC) on Rügen Island (NE Germany) is a similar striking example of glacitectonic deformation creating large composite ridges. In spite of a long research history and new results from modern datasets, the structural development of the JGC is still poorly understood, especially the detailed evolution of the southern JGC and its relationship to the northern JGC remain enigmatic. In this contribution, we demonstrate how the understanding of the JGC benefits from the application of established structural geological methods comprehending the formation of fold-and-thrust belts. The methods include cross-section balancing of the eastern coast (southern JGC) and quantification of the amount of folding and faulting. The proposed geometric model shows the current fold-and-thrust stack of glacially deformed sedimentary strata ca. 5720 m in length evolved by shortening from the original length (11,230 m) by 5510 m (49.1%). We present a spatial and temporal development of fault-related folding with a transition from detachment folds through fault-propagation folds to fault-bend folds. Together with morphological information from a digital elevation model, the thrust faults mapped in the cliff section are mainly inclined towards the S to SW and imply that a local glacier push occurred from the south. These results highlight the complexity and individual architecture of the JGC when compared to other Pleistocene and modern glacitectonic complexes. Resolving its structural development provides new insight into the deformation history and shortening of this spectacular glacitectonic complex lying in the southwestern Baltic Sea region.

Andriake’den Oinophoros Cinsi İki Kabartmalı Seramik ve Düşündürdükleri

Three pieces of embossed ceramic pieces from the oinophoros group unearthed during the excavations in the Port Buildings and ornamentation repertoire of these vessels, which are generally produced using two or more female molds, there are many scenes such as different mythological events, daily life, pastoral and still life expressions, chariot races and gladiator fights. It was determined that the oinophoros were first produced in Knidos during the Augustus Period. Apart from Knidos, it was understood that they were produced in Pergamon in the middle of the 1st century AD and in Iasos in the second half of the 2nd century AD. The oinophoros group ceramics found in Andriake belong to two different forms as phiale/patera and skyphos. As decoration, there are still life depictions with Eros in vintage associated with the Dionysus cult. Andriake samples are dated to the 1-2 century AD according to the typological analogy. It is seen that the Andriake oinophoros group ceramics are in close relationship with the Knidos samples in terms of similar examples, decoration style, clay and lining features. This situation provides important information about the distribution of oinophoros ceramics on the Lycian coasts and commercial connections between cities. It also contains clues as to the centuries and the extent of Myra's commercial connection with Knidos through the port of Andriake.

Grave Stones in the Naval Museum Command

Türk-İslam sanatının önemli yansımalarından birisi olan mezar taşları, kültürel mirasın birer parçası niteliğinde olup formlarıyla, metin içerikleriyle, süslemeleriyle ve serpuşlarıyla ait oldukları dönemleri hakkında bilgiler vermektedir. Elde edilen her bir bilgi o dönemin mezar geleneğini, kültürünü, içerisinde bulunduğu üslubunu, yazı karakterini ve etkileşimini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu hususta çalışmaya konu olan ve bugün İstanbul Deniz Müzesi Komutanlığında sergilenen 16 mezar şahidesi değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Öncelikle, II. Abdulhamid zamanında 1897’de kurulan ve Anadolu’nun en önemli Deniz Müzesi olan müzenin tarihçesiyle ilgili kısa bir bilgi verildikten sonra müze envanterindeki şahideler incelenmiştir. Şahidelerden 12 tanesinin yeniçeriye ait olduğu, taşların börk, dardağan ve serdengeçti serpuşuyla tamamlandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca yeniçerilerin ait oldukları bölüklerin remizleri de tespit edilmiştir. Diğer 4 şahideden birisi Has Oda veya Enderun’dan olanların kullandığı zerrin külahına sahipken, üç tanesinde bir başlık söz konusu değildir. Son bölümde ise şahidelerin ve üzerindeki remizelerin değerlendirilmesi yapılarak Anadolu’daki benzer örneklerle karşılaştırılıp mezar taşları içerisindeki yeri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Automatic Real-Estate Image Analysis for Retrieval and Classification

Abstract Nowadays, the real estate sector is also benefiting from the advance of the technology. Digital images accompany announcements advertising for renting or selling a property. Computer vision and image analysis contribute to the understanding of these images towards better consumer experience. In this paper we show how retrieval and description can be used efficiently to isolate cvasi-duplicate images and identify similar examples to the ones that have drawn viewer’s interest. Three problems related to real-estate imaging are identified and solutions are proposed and evaluated on large databases.

The role of siliciclastics in carbonate fabric diversity and preservation: A case study from the Neoproterozoic carbonate − siliciclastic Horse Thief Springs Formation, Death Valley

AbstractThe sedimentary record of the Pahrump Group in Death Valley comprises well‐exposed successions of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits. Despite the abundance of studies focussing on the depositional dynamics of mixed carbonate – siliciclastic deposition in the Phanerozoic, the record of similar Proterozoic examples is comparatively sparse. Using high‐resolution stratigraphy and microfacies analyses, this study investigates the Tonian Horse Thief Springs Formation within the Pahrump Group of Death Valley, California, in order to propose first‐order constraints on the interplay between carbonate and siliciclastic deposition in the early Neoproterozoic. The mixed successions are unlike many previously studied examples interpreted as being caused by glacio‐eustatic sea‐level changes, thus arguing for a more relevant tectonic influence on siliciclastic deposition. This interpretation is supported by detailed microfacies analyses of siliciclastic‐rich dolostones, which show abundant soft‐sediment deformation features suggesting sudden pulses of sandstone deposition onto a shallow marine carbonate shelf. The Tonian carbonate factory recovered quickly after being smothered by siliciclastics, particularly due to abundant stromatolite growth. A new relationship between siliciclastic input, carbonate fabric diversity, and carbonate preservation is established based on microfacies analyses, putting forward that siliciclastic deposition had a significant impact on the formation and preservation of later‐stage diagenetic dolomite cements, as well as on stromatolite morphology and carbonate fabric diversity within the microbialites. This study shows how repeated siliciclastic incursions had a significant impact on the Proterozoic carbonate factory of the Horse Thief Springs Formation, as well as on diagenetic modification and preservation of shallow marine carbonates, and establishes previously unexplored relationships between carbonate and siliciclastic strata in the Proterozoic.

Geospatial Approaches to Model Renewable Energy Requirements of the New Capital City of Indonesia

Predicting how a planned city will develop and expand after its construction, and which resources, such as energy, the city will need over time is only possible if one can rely on similar examples and reliable models. Given the existing spatial plans for the design of the new capital city of Indonesia, there is a need to develop and compare city development scenarios–in spatial expansion, population size, resource, energy and food requirements. A combination of various geospatial data approaches can address this knowledge and assessment gap. This article investigates spatial expansion, forest encroachment and sustainable energy infrastructure requirements using open access geodata and models. The hypothesis is that the constitution of the new capital city of Indonesia can rely on existing energy infrastructures but may also need to rely on additional resources. The research approach was to collect and integrate different types of geospatial data related to land use, terrain characteristics and population growth assumptions and connect these to both urban growth models and predictions and energy. This relied on land use change methodologies and urban growth models to simulate and predict spatial effects, with ca particular focus on the expansion of energy requirements. The choice to focus on energy requirements additionally required a comparison of different kinds of energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. The conclusion is that all design and expansion scenarios indicate a possible spatial conflict between locating sustainable energy production facilities with maintaining ecologically sensitive areas. A possible solution is to make use of existing mining infrastructures to enhance sustainable energy production and to make use of dual land and water solar energy systems.

The phenomenon of competition in Chinese culture

The purpose of the article is to identify the phenomenon of competition in Chinese culture from ancient times to the present. The research methodology is based on the introduction of such methods of scientific intelligence as: culturological - in the study of various socio-cultural phenomena; historical and genetic - in order to identify the origins, formation and further promotion of competitive practices in China; system analytical - for a comprehensive study of functioning of agonality in various spheres of Chinese culture, comparative - in comparison with similar examples in various cultural spheres. The scientific novelty of the article is comprehensive coverage of various phenomena of a competitive nature, which are common to Chinese culture. Conclusions. The ultimate goal of all agonal phenomena in Chinese culture from ancient times to the present is determined as perfection and success, and as a result, public recognition. Today, the most important are cultural and artistic achievements and accomplishments that are not less important than economics and politics. The policy of " soft power" becomes a separate area of ​​the country's foreign international activity and an important issue in cultural competition with other countries.&#x0D; Key words: competitiveness, agony, Chinese culture, agonal phenomena, cultural policy, "soft power".

Continuous Maps Admitting No Tangent Lines: A Centennial of Besicovitch Functions

One of the most influential examples in analysis is a Weierstrass function from to that is continuous but differentiable at no point. However this map, as well most of the others among the myriad similar examples, still admits vertical tangent lines. The examples of continuous maps that admit no tangent line in any direction are also known; however, all currently existing presentations of such maps are not easily accessible due to their very complicated descriptions and hard-to-follow proofs of their desired properties. The goal of this article is to present in an accessible way two such examples. The first—a coordinate of the classical Peano space-filling curve—is simpler, but admits one-sided vertical tangent lines at some points. The second is a variation of a function from a 1924 paper of Besicovitch, which is continuous but admits no one-sided tangent line in any direction. The proofs of nondifferentiability of these two examples will be facilitated by a simple yet general lemma that also implies nondifferentiability of other similar maps, including those of Takagi and van der Waerden.

A Real-World Scenario of Citizens' Motivation and Engagement in Urban Waste Management Through a Mobile Application and Smart City Technology.

Circular bioeconomy is a key socioeconomic model for advancing the United Nations Global Sustainability Goals and promoting environmental and resource sustainability. However, circular bioeconomy concepts are unknown to most people and politicians worldwide who still have a fragmented picture of sustainability. Common perception of waste needs a cultural shift from “disposable” to commodity. This can happen with effective communication, active citizens’ education, and awareness and engagement in core bioeconomy experiences and activities, like urban waste management and environmental sustainability. Citizen engagement methodologies are multiple. This paper proposes the combined use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), citizens’ hands-on project involvement, and a direct rewarding system. Similar European examples are displayed, while our key case study is the bitter orange waste problem in the metropolitan region of Attica in Greece, where approximately 40,000 tons of bitter oranges per year remain unmanageable and unexploited, causing serious problems. The Bitter Orange Project aims to educate citizens on bioeconomy and biomass value, hopefully changing the perception of urban waste through their rewarded engagement in fruit collection to produce high added value materials. This can be a versatile platform for urban waste management projects through citizen science regardless of the type of biomass. The project aims to engage all possible local society stakeholders to multiply awareness. The target of this paper is to highlight that environmental problems related to biomass misuse are closer than the average citizen experiences, and that active involvement of society through rewarding can help raise awareness.

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy