Significant Growth In Production Research Articles

Performance of chickpea in Maharashtra: an analysis of growth and instability

Chickpea is one of the major pulses cultivated and consumed worldwide. Region wise performance of chickpea was judged based on two important parameters i.e., growth and instability, in Maharashtra state. Compound growth rates was estimated by fitting non-linear model to the area, production and productivity data for the period from 1960-61 to 2019 20. Instability was assessed by employing Cuddy-Della Valle instability index. The results showed that the production of chickpea increased in the state during the entire study period. Growth in area was the main reason for significant growth in production up to 1990, but thereafter, increase in chickpea production was due to area expansion coupled with improvement in the yield. As against expansion in area and production, rise in yield level of chickpea was slower in the state. High growth in area and production of chickpea was associated with high level of instability. Area variability in chickpea was more as compared to yield variability at overall level. Therefore, attempt should be made to stabilize the yield level in chickpea.

Has the efficiency and productivity of the health system in India improved during post-policy period? Application of the bootstrap data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index

ABSTRACT The efficiency and productivity of the health system are assessed using bootstrap data envelopment analysis and the bootstrap Malmquist productivity index across 21 states of India against the backdrop of the National Health Policy (NHP-2017). We took two child outcomes and three maternal outcomes as outputs and four inputs. A technical efficiency score of 0.760 suggests that the outputs could be increased by 24% without any additional inputs in the health system. A productivity of 0.993 indicates a decline at an average rate of 0.7% per year attributable to technological regress. Deducing from the statistical tests conducted, a significant change in the efficiency of the health system over the years was observed, particularly between the pre- and post-policy periods. In contrast, no significant change in productivity was observed. Despite having relatively better outcomes, Tamil Nadu lies farther away from the frontier, which indicates the inefficient utilization of public health resources. In contrast, Bihar, which has poor health outcomes, has better efficiency and witnessed significant productivity growth, indicating the efficient utilization of limited resources.

Current Scenario of Sericulture Industry in Traditional Silk Producing States of India

The study concerned about the growth rate of mulberry area, production and productivity and cocoon and raw silk production and productivity five major traditional sates (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir and West Bengal) in India during 1980-81 to 2016-17. In Tamil Nadu, Compared with all the seven periods the highest significant compound growth observed in mulberry area and production was 17.50 per cent, 21.02 per cent during the period IV (1998-99 to 2001-02) and mulberry productivity 2.63 per cent since improved mulberry varieties like S36 and MR2 was released during that period II (1988-89 to 1997-98). Overall period (1980-81 to 2016-17), the cocoon productivity (2.67%) was positively significant in Tamil Nadu. There was a positively significant growth rate of cocoon production and productivity in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Even though there was negative significant growth in productivity (-7.62%), but the growth of production (0.51%) was non-significant in Jammu Kashmir. There is significant positive growth of production (2.33%) and productivity (2.96%) in India. In Tamil Nadu, The growth rates of raw silk production (2.17%) and productivity (5.25%) was found highly significant during the overall Period (1980-81 to 2016-17). There was a highly significant growth rate of raw silk production and productivity in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and for India as a whole. In Jammu Kashmir; the growth rates of cocoon production alone (4.14%) were significant.

Trend and spatial pattern of stable cropland productivity in China based on satellite observations (2001−2020)

Sustained productivity growth of China's stable cropland is crucial for meeting the food and nutritional needs of the 1.4 billion population amid global food market volatility, limited uncultivated land, and urban and ecological land squeezing agricultural space. Despite this, research on trend tracking and spatial pattern identifying in productivity of China's stable croplands at a national scale is currently lacking. Here, we attempted to fill this gap based on satellite observation data and cloud computing platform, using the crop growth index, quadratic regression model, and indicator-based spatial overlay analysis. Results show the productivity of China's stable cropland rose by ∼31.07% from 2001 to 2020 but will fall to ∼78.89% to ∼85.78% of the 2015 level (baseline year of SDGs) by 2030. The declining trends can be attributed to three main factors: (1) 69.15% of cropland that previously exhibited significant productivity growth has started to decline; (2) the productivity of cropland with the highest agricultural suitability (Level 4–5) has been long-term declining, showing no signs of reversing; (3) 44.12% of stable cropland's productivity was volatile over the research period, leading to high uncertainty in productivity growth. The large-scale spatial overlap between high agricultural suitability and human activity intensity determined the spatial pattern of stable cropland productivity. Therefore, comprehending and mitigating urbanization's indirect and off-site detrimental impacts on cropland productivity are critical to ensuring China's future food security.

Does Public Spending Trigger Agricultural Productivity Growth in Africa?

ABSTRACT Enhancing agricultural productivity growth is a key step to improving competitiveness and eradicating poverty in rural areas in developing countries. While the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) recommended increased public spending in agriculture to induce productivity growth, the extent to which expenditures affect food productivity remains an empirical question. To address this concern and provide policymakers with quantitative evidence, the authors assess the effect of two government-spending measures: agriculture budget share (BS) and research share (RS) of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on agriculture total factor productivity growth (TFPG) in Africa. They use a panel fixed-effect estimator to control for the country-specific characteristics in twenty-eight African economies from 1991 to 2012. They find marginal impact of approximately 6.77% of RS on TFPG after every seven years. However, the cumulative marginal impact of BS on TFPG is estimated at 7.21% over the seven years following budget allocation. These findings suggest that a BS of 14% and an RS of 15% are required for a country to double its TFPG in the following eight years. Therefore, an additional and continuous investment in research and development is required for significant productivity growth, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

Growth and Instability in Production of Selected Major Spices and their Export Scenario for India: A Review

India is known as the land of spices. It is one of the largest producers, consumer and exporter of spices in the world. Even though the spice is a highly demanded commodity in the international market. The export fluctuation is observed for the product. This study trying to identify the reasons of fluctuation for some selected major spices export from India. For that data collected for area production and productivity of major spices mainly chilli, ginger and turmeric and analyzed its growth and variability. These three crops were selected as they covered the highest per centage of production share in the year 2021. In this study data were collected from the year 2010-11 to 2019-20 to analyze the growth and instability in production of major spices and its impact on their export. Compound annual growth rate analysis was done to see the growth in area, production and productivity of the selected spices along with the growth performance of spice export from India. The variability in area, production and productivity along with the export instability was calculated with the help of instability index. Ourstudy examined thatarea and production of spices in India was growing continuously from the year 2010-11 to 2019-20. The compound annual growth rate analysis reflected a positive growth in area under ginger (2.53 per cent) and Turmeric (1.08 per cent), while it was negative for chilli (-0.99 per cent). During the entire period chilli and ginger recorded a positive and significant growth in production and productivity of the crop. Export was found to be related with the productivity of the crop. The export variability was found to be lowest for chilli (3.98), while ginger recorded a very high instability index (33.36) for the period. With increase productivity export of chilli increases. As the quantity exported for chilli was highest among the three crops so the export value of the same was also found highest during the entire period.

SOIL COMPACTION WITH WHEELS OF MANURE SPREADER AGGREGATES

The study focused on the definition of the impact of the parameters of the applied manure spreaders (loading capacity, size of tyres, the number of driving wheels) on the numerical values of the basic exploitation indices and on soil compaction as well. Research tests were carried out on farms of different arable land areas. The scope of the study included questionnaire surveys, laboratory and exploitation tests, comparison evaluation of fertilization units, verification of the acquired results, as well as recommendation for practical use. A significant growth in productivity (from 0.38 to 1.15 ha/h) was observed together with an increase in the loading capacity of the spreaders, but the following indicators were found to have decreased: surface of soil compaction (from 44 to 15%), field loading (from 412 to 165 kN∙km) and grooves volume (from 165 to 67 m3). Four-wheel spreader of 20 t loading capacity has been characterized by two times higher values of field loading indices (357 kN∙km), groove loading (204 kN/m) and groove volume (110 m3) in comparison with a two-heel spreader with a loading capacity of 10 t.

Structural break analysis on specific horticultural crops in India

The study attempts to investigate the presence of structural change in growth of area, production and productivity of selected horticultural crops in India from 1997–98 to 2018–19. The CGR and structural break analysis were employed to examine the growth rates and multiple break periods respectively. The CGR results show that area and production of selected horticultural crops in India grew more during post NHM period than pre NHM period, but there is not a significant growth in productivity of major crops. The structural break analysis shows that shift in growth has been reported after 2005 in selected crops implied that significant growth trend has been observed after NHM implementation. The overall performance in area, production and productivity is quite satisfactory during post-NHM period in major crops except in pepper and tapioca.

Increasing labor income and real unit labor costs in Brazilian agrobusiness

Abstract This study analyzes the interactions between per worker labor income (PWLI), labor productivity, real unit labor costs, and the relationship between relevant employee (IPCA) and employers (GDP deflators) prices, specifically focusing on Brazilian agrobusiness. For that purpose, labor productivities of the entire agrobusiness sector and its segments were calculated from 2004 through 2015. We found that the gap between agrobusiness sector deflators and the IPCA did not play a preponderant role to mitigate the effect of PWLI growth of 3.81% annually on real unit labor cost (CURT), which only increased 0.21% annually. In turn, CURT was contained by productivity gains, boosted mainly by agriculture. Without this productivity growth, CURT would have increased at 3.7% annually, thus making unviable the observed simultaneous gains for employers and employees in the Brazilian agrobusiness sector. The result for the primary agrobusiness segment should be highlighted. Even with an annual increase of 4.07% in PWLI, the 7.24% annual growth in productivity implied on an average annual reduction in CURT (-2.56%); without this significant productivity growth, the same increase in PWLI would have boosted CURT by 4.7% annually.

Does firm size affect learning-by-exporting? Empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

This study examines whether the relationship between exports and productivity growth differs across firm size. Using panel data from three Sub-Saharan African countries, I use propensity score matching procedure to examine this relationship. This study finds evidence of productivity differences between new exporters and non-exporters confirming the empirical regularity that new exporters are more productive than never exporters. The findings indicate that export participation effects vary across firm size, with both small and large firms experiencing immediate and significant productivity gains upon entry. However, the productivity gain for large firms is highly significant and more pronounced in the first two years after entry but declines drastically from the third year and tends towards negative in subsequent years. Learning effects might be important for large firms during the initial years of exporting, but these effects dissipate once learning avenues have been exhausted. Small firms display sustained learning effects that expand beyond the fourth year. Relative to the large firms, small new exporters display sustained and significant productivity growth for five year. This study finds no evidence of cumulative productivity growth beyond the third year for large firms. These results are robust to alternative measure of productivity. Any export-led growth should be directed at helping small new exporters access the export markets.

Зеленая и цифровая экономика как инструмент устойчивого развития урбанизированных территорий

The article proposes an original typology of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, which allows formulating through other SDGs methods and criteria for sustainable development of cities (SDG-11). Due to digitalization, all of the 10 branches of the green economy can give breakthrough effects in ensuring the sustainable development of urbanized territories. Although elements of the green economy are historically organic to Russian urbanization, it is not possible to solve the main problem of sustainable development of Russian modern spatial development—the growing contradictions between the trends of hyperconcentration of population and economy in a small (for the size of Russia) number of megacities and their critical deconcentration on the periphery—on the existing technological basis. Nevertheless, the consistent implementation of technological capabilities based on the integration of digital and green economies creates opportunities for significant productivity growth in infrastructure and production sectors of cities and development of knowledge economy and experience economy, while improving the quality of the urban environment and the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable development. A consistent and balanced multi-scale spatial-temporal and functional polarization of urbanized territories is an adequate form of implementation of this technological order. It allows on the basis of deepening the geographical labor division and coordination of the turnover of material, natural and human capital to solve the problems of sustainable spatial development of Russia by harmonizing its environmental, economic and social components. The principles of spatial-temporal, morphological and functional polarization are manifested in various spatial levels. With the development of indicators’ set and the expansion of the statistical base for the analysis of the green economy, the spread of smart city technologies and lifecycle management of land use, the constructive-geographical, project approach in urban planning, in ensuring the sustainable development of cities and agglomerations in Russia will become as familiar as the prevailing research approach.

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED FACTORS DETERMINING THE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN MACEDONIA

Labor productivity is a crucial determinant of one economy’s competitiveness, and it varies across different countries and areas. Productivity growth is important because it contributes to growth in output, income and living standards. There are only two measures which can be used for increasing the level of economic output: one is by applying more labor effort in the production process (such as more jobs) and the second through increases in the productivity of the workforce. Or in other words, it means bringing additional inputs into production; or increase productivity. As labor force growth slows and unemployment remains at relatively low levels, economies increasingly have to enhance productivity in order to maintain the high rates of output and income growth that have become common place over the past few decades. Although there are several reasons for differences in the level of economic development among countries, generally, we can start from the assumption that differences in economic development results from the differences in productivity. At the national level, higher productivity increases living standards as more real income improves people’s ability to consume and demand more goods and services whether they are necessities or luxuries, enjoy leisure, improve housing and education and contribute to social and environmental programs. Despite the significant productivity growth from 2002 to 2008, and again from 2014 to 2017, Macedonia still lags behind the EU average. Macedonia’s labour productivity has negative growth rate from 2017 upwards. It drops by 4.4% in the first quarter compared with a drop of 2.1% in the previous quarter. There are various countries specific case studies and various literature that are exploring the determinants of labour productivity growth in a particular country. This study intends to identify the potential determinants of labour productivity in Macedonia. Based on an extensive literature review, we identify several factors that determine Macedonia’s labour productivity. We quantify the relationship between the productivity growth and physical capital through gross capital formation, human capital through educational structure of employees, foreign direct investments and real wages. On the side of methodology, correlation and regression analysis for testing the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables are used. The fundamental assumption for a clear econometric analysis is the stationarity of data time series and the regression analysis is followed by studying the stationarity of time series using Unit root test. The study is based on time series and the data on empirical analysis is taken from State Office of the Republic of Macedonia and World Bank. The sources of productivity are complex and they differ from country to country. While growth in productivity and in labour utilization are both sources of improvement in living standards, productivity growth can make a major contribution over the long term.

Technological Processes for Manufacturing Cellular Concrete Products for Construction

Cellular concrete occupies one of the leading places in world practice of a high-rise construction as the constructional heat-insulating material used in case of construction and reconstruction of buildings and constructions of different purpose. In this artificial stone construction material pores (air cells with diameter 0.1-3.0mm) are distributed rather regularly and occupy from 20 to 90% of amount of concrete, providing high heatphysical qualities (coefficient of heat conductivity of 0.07-0.2 W/ms) that allows cellular concrete houses to keep heat well. Excessive (reserve) porosity of cellular concrete provides its frost resistance (compensates expansion of water when freezing and the formed ice without material destruction). Vapor permeability of cellular concrete provides fast removal of technological moisture from material and maintenance of normal moisture conditions in rooms, and rather high air permeability promotes preserving in rooms of fresh air. Significant growth in production the cellular concrete of products is caused by use of rather simple technologies allowing (due to change of degree of porosity and properties of interstitial material) to receive cellular concrete for thermal insulation or sound insulation, to make wall constructional heat-insulating products with a density 250-1200 kg/ m3 and strength of a 1-25 MPa.

Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Production System: Status, Potential, Constraints and Implications for Improving Small Farmer’s Welfare

This article aims to investigate the growth in area, production and productivity, mapping of cultivation technologies, economics, potentials and constraints for area and production expansion of finger millet. The exponential growth rates, indicated that though there was deceleration both in area and production there was significant growth in productivity due to introduction of high yielding varieties. The respondents under different production system (rainfed and irrigated situation) were homogeneous with respect to the age and family size except land holding and education level. Finger millet possesses tremendous potential for product diversification and export. Mapping of cultivation technologies indicated that, farmers applied more fertilizers than recommended. Hence, there is a need to strengthen extension/outreach programmes to create awareness among farmers to use the optimum level of nutrients, which helps in reducing the cost incurred by farmers as well as subsidy burden on government. The existing procurement price for finger millet was Rs. 2100/q which failed to cover the cost of production under rainfed situation. In the total land holding, the area under finger millet accounted for major (64%) share in rainfed situation and thus the procurement price must be fixed looking into the cost of production of rainfed (Rs. 2624/q) finger millet, which helps in improving the welfare of finger millet growing small farmers.

Commercialization and upgrading in the aquaculture value chain in Zambia

After decades of government and donor-run programs that sustained extensive aquaculture systems, Zambia has experienced market-led capital investments that have facilitated significant growth in production. The emerging commercial sector is characterized by investments in intensive cage and pond-based aquaculture of mostly non-native tilapia species, which today makes up the bulk of annual production. To better understand this transformation we used a Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis to examine evidence of upgrading trajectories and various forms of coordination that govern the chain. A quantitative survey of smallholder farmers in Northern Province (n=223) was designed to surface insights on the productivity of small-scale farmers and evaluate their position of strength within the chain. The survey reveals the extensive nature of rural, small-scale fish farming and suggests that farmers produce mostly for subsistence purposes and in isolation from the commercializing value chain. We also provide data from 22 key informant interviews with lead firms and stakeholders in the aquaculture sector to provide insights on upgrading and the forms of coordination between nodes and firms. Our findings show that upgrading in value chains is taking place in all its forms, i.e. through investments in high value products, improvements in operations that produce more efficiently, adopting upstream or downstream chain functions, and utilizing competencies from different chains into aquaculture-related operations. Much of this is possible because of increasing vertical integration of operations and tighter contractual relationships between firms and nodes. The value chain and markets in Zambia are thus dichotomized, where on one side there is an extensive smallholder sector, supported by government-run services, and little access to inputs and markets; and on the other side, a burgeoning commercial sector with a few pioneering lead firms who have shaped the commercial value chain and who dominate total production. Finally, we combined various government statistics to reveal the growing fish supply per capita rate between 2004 and 2014. We also provide data on fish imports to locate the Zambian aquaculture value chain in the larger global picture and present some insights into what many key informants in the industry feel is an increasing obstacle facing the sector. Analyzing upgrading and coordination trends is critical in understanding the emerging aquaculture value chains in sub-Saharan Africa.

Long-run performance of an industry after broader reforms including privatization

Research on the impacts of broader reforms, including privatization on firms’ long-run financial and operational performance, is extremely important but only occasionally performed. This study evaluates the long-run financial performance, total factor productivity, efficiency and technology of Pakistani cement manufacturing firms. We conclude that privatized firms have in fact achieved significant productivity growth in the long run due to technological progress compared to no growth in the pre-reform period. Interestingly, however, better productive performance has not contributed to long-run profitability and income efficiency gains, thereby casting serious doubt on the long-run financial benefits of reforms, including privatization.

Growth in demand and supply of pulses in India-A normative approach

The changing scenario of consumption and production of pulses will have significant influence on the demand- supply prospects of pulses in India. The country as whole, production of redgram had increased marginally (0.45%) during 1980-2012(Overall study period), though there is positive and significant growth in production(2.86%) during 1980-90 (Period-I), mainly due to lower growth during 1991-2012(period-II). The significant growth in production (1.39%) and productivity (1.04%) of bengalgram in the entire period except area (0.35%) was observed. However, growth in greengram production (1.14%) and productivity (1.21%) was found almost similar. In case of blackgram, positive growth rate in area, productivity and production in both the periods have ultimately resulted higher growth rates in the overall period. The growth in total pulses production indicated that growth in area (-0.10%) was negative while it was positive both in production (1.49%) and productivity (1.59%) during period-I. Similar pattern of growth was observed during period-II and in the overall study period. The estimated demand for pulses were 183.62 lakh tonnes over supply of 148.66 lakh tonnes indicating deficit of 34.96 lakh tonnes during 2001 –2011. Further, demand for pulses expected to reach 225.36 and 255.16 lakh tonnes in the year 2020 and 2030 respectively. Whereas, supply of pulses will reach 218.50 and 237.00 lakh tonnes in the same period indicating narrow gap between demand and supply in the future.

Technical efficiency and total factor productivity in the Kazakh banking industry

This paper investigates the technical efficiency and productivity of Kazakh commercial banks over the period 2000–2013. Non-parametric approaches, namely the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist index are employed to calculate technical efficiency and productivity. In addition, a second-stage regression is also estimated to identify the determinants of efficiency. The results indicate that banks in Kazakhstan operate below their optimum levels, with larger banks being more efficient than smaller ones. The results also indicate the presence of economies of scale for banks of all sizes. The efficiency of banks is found to be significantly and positively related to profitability, capitalisation, bank size, and liquidity. The results further indicate that Kazakh banks seem to have experienced a significant productivity growth over the sample period.

Attitude of the farmers towards integrated pest management technology programme on cotton

Cotton is one of the important commercial crops and the principal raw material for Indian textile industry. Although, there has been significant growth in production, productivity and quality of cotton during the last fifty years, it is still below the world average. In spite of having 28 per cent of the world acreage under cotton, India accounts for only 14-15 per cent of the global cotton production, while our productivity per hectare is lowering around 250-260 kg lint/ha for the last few years with marginal ups and down. Cotton is a crop that provide substratum to about 1326 species of insects from sowing to maturity in different cotton growing areas around the globe. Of these, 8 per cent (162 species) are considered as pests responsible for enormous loss to cotton yield. The above numbers of pests results in failure of cotton crop and it is feared that cotton production might fall down further in the subsequent years if effective steps are not taken to mitigate pest menace in cotton. . In order to minimize the indiscriminate and judicious use of chemical pesticides, integrated pest management (IPM) has been enshrined as cardinal principle of plant protection. In these aspects, the behaviour of the farmers toward the technology is very crucial. Since, extension educational efforts aim at helping the farmers to produce desirable changes in their attitude and adoption behaviour, it is imperative for an extension worker to have knowledge of characteristics and attitude of his audience towards integrated pest management technology on cotton. It is hoped that the attitude scale developed for the study would be useful to other researchers to plan similar studies. Moreover, the results pertaining to attitude of the cotton growers may help the extension workers to plan appropriate strategy for effective transfer of IPM technology. According to the study, it was observed that majority of the cotton growers (62.00 %) belonged to the middle age group i.e. Between 30 to 46 years followed by young (24.00 %) age group. Most (38.00 %) of the respondents were found literate having formal education level upto higher secondary and diploma. As regarding holding, majority (60.00 %) of the respondents had medium size of land holding, 27.00 per cent had small holding, followed by 13.00 per cent had large size of land holding between 2.01 to 4.00 ha. The majority (78.00 %) of the cotton growers having medium farming experience i.e. 10 to 17 years. The maximum cotton growers (52.00 %) were found in medium social participation category (Score between 5 to 8) followed by 32.00 per cent in low social participation category. As far as annual income is concerned, it was found that 64.00 per cent of the respondents fell in medium annual income group (Rs.55,001 to Rs. 92,500) while, 22.00 per cent respondents had high annual income level. The majority (56.00 %) of the cotton growers had fragmented of land holding to 'medium' extent i.e. at 2-3 places. Regarding risk orientation, it was revealed that maximum proportion (57.00 %) of the respondents had preferred to take risk to the 'medium' extent. It was found that majority of the cotton growers (56.00 %) had developed 'favourable' attitude towards integrated pest management technology programme on cotton. While, only 15.00 per cent of them had 'less favourable' attitude towards integrated pest management technology programme on cotton. However, 29.00 per cent of the respondents had developed 'most favourable' attitude towards integrated pest management technology programme on cotton.

ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF THE KUBAN AND STAVROPOL REGIONS FOR DEVELOPING PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS FOR FARMING, OVER THE PERIOD FROM 1966 TO THE 1980-ies

The paper considered the actions taken by the local authorities of the Kuban and Stavropol Regions for developing production of chemical agents for farming over the period from 1966 to the-1980-ies. The author examined the measures undertaken by both the central authority and local power bodies, for construction of enterprises for the chemical industry, to expand the output of mineral fertilizers. The paper examined the practices of industrial operation of the Nevinnomyssk chemical complex, the Krasnodar chemical plant, the complex of vitamin and biochemical reagents named after K. Marx, and the chemical plant located in the Кropotkin town. The review has pointed out that these enterprises have taken an appreciable part in supplying the farming sector with the high-quality chemical agents. The author has drawn a conclusion that owing to various patterns and techniques the CPSU and State bodies applied in raising labour and social activity in workers involved into the chemical production, the significant growth in production of mineral fertilizers has been achieved.