Significant Differences In Values Research Articles

Comparison of combined intra-articular and sub-acromial injection with intra-articular injection in adhesive capsulitis

Background: The pain and limitation of shoulder function can disrupt daily activities of patients for months to years. Adhesive capsulitis is considered a self-limiting disease but the duration remains uncertain. The brunt of the disease is focussed on the inflamed joint capsule. On this basis, use of corticosteroid injection is justified. However, injection method is not conclusive. Objectives: To compare clinical benefits of intra-articular injection alone versus combined intra-articular and subacromial injections in management of adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with diagnostic criteria for adhesive capsulitis were included in the study from March 2019 to September 2020. Patients were divided into two groups; patients who underwent intra-articular (IA) injection alone (Group 1) and those who received both intra-articular and sub-acromial (IA+SA) injection (Group 2). The injections were landmark guided. Patients were followed up at three, six, and 12 weeks. Pain was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) and subjective function using Constant-Murley score. Results: Twenty-eight patients were included in Group 1 (IA) and 31 in Group 2 (IA+SA). Thirty-six patients were female (18 each in Group 1 and Group 2) and 23 patients were male (Group 1 = 13; Group 2 = 10). In the twelfth week, VAS score was reduced in both the groups. On comparing the mean value of Constant-Murley score between the two groups there is significant difference in value recorded at the sixth and twelfth week. Conclusion: The IA+SA injection provides significant reduction in pain and better function in the short term over the IA injection.

The Effect of Continuous and Interval Training on Glycogen Storage of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α & Interleukin-6 in Diabetic Rats

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most frequent type of metabolic disorder. Here, we evaluated the effect of continuous and interval training on glycogen storage of gastrocnemius muscle and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental. 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups. The interval training included 10 sets of one-minute activity with 50% intensity and continuing training included 8 weeks running at the speed of 15 to 28 m/min. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and glycogen storage of gastrocnemius muscle were measured using specific ELISA Kits. SPSS 23 software was used. Results: The level of fast blood glucose and TNF-α in diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups were significantly lower than the control-diabetic group (P-value< 0.0001). In return, the level of Insulin, IL-6, and glycogen storage in diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups were significantly higher than the control-diabetic group (P-value< 0.0001). There was a significant difference in value of glycogen storage between diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups (P-value< 0.0001). Conclusion: Continuous and interval exercises significantly decreased the levels of these inflammatory mediators in the diabetic rats which were subsequently associated with a significant decrease of blood glucose, insulin tolerance, and improvement of glycogen contents. Both interval and continuous exercises made significant changes, but interval exercises had better effects than continuous exercises.

LAND BASED EXERCISES VERSUS POOL BASED EXERCISES FOR SWIMMER’S SHOULDER IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS: RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

To compare the effect of Land based exercises and Pool based exercises for shoulder strength to reduce shoulder pain in competitive swimmers using Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI) score, Hand-Held dynamometer (HHD), Randomized Clinical trial.29 competitive swimmers with age group between 8 to 18 years were evaluated for shoulder pain using Shoulder Pain Disability Index Score [SPADI] and shoulder strength was evaluated using Hand Held Dynamometer [HHD] before and after the study. Then all the subjects were divided into 2 groups, for Group A Pool based exercises were given and for Group B Land based exercises were given. Statistically there is significant difference in values of outcome measures after the study in both groups but there is more significant difference in Group A than Group B. Pool based exercises showed more significant effect on shoulder pain than land based exercises in swimmer’s shoulder.

MORPHOMETRY OF NECK-SHAFT ANGLE IN DRIED ADULT HUMAN FEMORA OF NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Objectives: The present study aimed to record the femoral-neck shaft angle was carried out which would be of help to the orthopedicians while carrying out surgical repairs around the hip joint especially in fracture of the neck of femur. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 North Indian unpaired dry adult human femora (Right-50, Left-50) of unknown sex were studied. Neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femur was measured with the help of goniometer and measurements were recorded in degrees. The raw data obtained were statistically analyzed. Range, mean, standard deviation, and standard error of mean were determined. Results: The mean NSA was found to be 127.63°+3.48° (Right=127.80°+3.56° and Left=127.46°+3.42°) with a range of 122°–137° (Right=122°–137° and Left=122°–136°). No significant difference in values of neck-shaft angle was found in the right and left femora. Conclusion: The overall goal of this study was to generate information that would be useful for geometric modeling of femora and collecting data which could prove useful for the development of prosthetic implants

Comparative Study of Nutrient Values and Heavy Metals Content of Corchorus olitorius Collected from Farm Land (Post Service) and Dumpsite (Oko Fili) In Lagos, Nigeria.

Africa is blessed with great diversity of plant resources that play major role in the continent's food, socio-economic and cultural development. These traditional leafy vegetables help to improve the nutritional status of populations and generate significant income in both rural and urban areas.Hence, this study investigated the nutrient contents and level of heavy metals in Corchorus olitorius collected from dumpsite (Oko fili in Alimosho Local Government Area) and farmland (Post Service in Ojo Local Government Area) using a standard procedure and t-test analysis. The results showed the presence of amino acids(aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, Arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, cysteine, iso-leucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine) in C. olitorius from both sites, however no significant (p>0.05) difference exists between the mean of all the amino acids taken from both sites. Values of metals recorded in dumpsites were higher than that from farmland. However, only calcium (Ca), iron(Fe), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), phosphorus(P), and zinc (Zn) had higher significant differences in values for both the soil and C. olitorius. The respective values of these metals (mg/100g) in C. olitorius at dumpsite and farmland are: Ca (985.3±310.8, 633.8±190.1), Fe (141.4±18.314, 5.415±0.742), K (112.200±51.477, 32.200±13.717), Mg (308.050±121.552, 107.050±3.889), Na(37.995±16.497, 25.015±5.550), P(305.635±257.860, 137.500±39.739) and Zn(18.235±13.103, 4.380±1.810). Potassium/sodium ratio (K/Na) for C. olitorius at both sites is comparable to recommended value of 1.00. In conclusion, all the values of metals (except Na in soil and K in plant) are within WHO/FAO maximum recommended limits. Therefore, C. olitorius examined in this study is safe for consumption while the metals in both farmland and dumpsite are considered to be less concentrated.

Correction of eating disorders in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer after reconstructive plastic surgery

The study objective – to evaluate the feasibility of correcting eating disorders in patients undergoing surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancers using various reconstructive techniques to restore postoperative defects.Materials and methods. Between 2012 and 2019, a total of 56 patients with stage II–IV oral and oropharyngeal cancer underwent reconstructive surgery after either hemiglossectomy or glossectomy. The patients ranged in age from 26 to 70 years. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 36 (64.3 %) patients who underwent tongue reconstruction using rotation flaps. For reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects, a chin flap was used, and for reconstruction of glossectomy defects, a pectoral flap was used. Group II comprised 20 (35.7 %) patients who underwent tongue reconstruction using free revascularized flaps. For the tongue reconstruction after hemiglossectomy, the radial flap, medial sural perforator flap and fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap were used. For the tongue reconstruction after glossectomy, the fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap was used. The acts of chewing and swallowing were restored during speech rehabilitation due to the activation and coordination of the work of the muscles of the cheeks, lips, soft palate, pharynx, and the reconstructed tongue. Eating disorders were assessed by interviewing patients. A comparative analysis of eating disorders included mobility and coordination of facial muscles and reconstructed tongue, increased sensitive in the oral cavity, the presence of aspiration and nasal regurgitation, and subjective difficulties of patients. The time before the start of rehabilitation and its duration were taken into account. Patients were interviewed before the start of the combined treatment, at the beginning and after the completion of rehabilitation.Results. After the completion of rehabilitation, all patients received food by the oral route. The best outcomes were achieved in group 2a patients, who underwent tongue reconstruction with free revascularized flaps. This group of patients had a lower percentage of the asymmetry of facial muscles and limited mobility of the tongue compared to other groups of patients.In the subgroups of patients undergoing glosssectomy, most of the studied parameters did not have statistically significant differences in values. However, it should be noted that in group 2b, the period from the date of surgical treatment to the beginning of rehabilitation was significantly longer than in group 1b.Conclusion. The use of the microvascular surgical techniques using various donor flaps creates the basis for a more complete functional recovery and expands the rehabilitation potential of patients after surgical treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

INVESTIGATION PARAMETERS ULTRASONIC DEVICE ON PHASED ARRAYS. FOCUSING MODES FOR ULTRASONIC DEVICE TYPE OF OMNISCAN

The article is devoted to possibilities of regular focusing of Omniscan device on phased arrays. Questions are raised about evaluation of testing results when using linear and sector scan-ning with different focus parameters. The question of size near-field for phased arrays and asso-ciated choice of focus mode is discussed. The article is based on experiments conducted on samples with artificial reflectors at the same size, but different in type: a non-directional reflector (a side-drill hole) and a directional reflector (a flat-bottomed reflector), located at the same depth. The study was conducted for transducers with different frequencies. Families of curves of the signal amplitude dependence are obtained: on depth reflector, on focus depth setting, and on type reflector. The results emphasize need for precise focusing with-in the near-field of the transducer for small thicknesses or shallow depth of occurrence of discontinuities, and large variability in choice of focusing for depths in far-field. The study notes a significant difference in values of depth reflector at different focusses at a fixed position of transducer. In this article, in addition to considering possibility of focusing a flaw detector with phased arrays, the focus is on interpretation of results and reliability of testing in the analysis and comparison data. An integral part of the technological testing protocol for phased array is the depth of focus and the type of scanning. The obtained data do not depend on the frequency of transducer, which means that conclusions are applicable to general range of flaw detectors on phased arrays.

The post-lunch effect of regular and decaffeinated coffee on psychomotor performance: a randomized double-blind cross-over study

Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers during post-lunch period.Methods: In this randomized double-blind cross-over study, adult healthy volunteers were given hot coffee (3 g each of regular or decaffeinated coffee) during post-lunch period. Psychomotor functions (critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT) and error count in hand-steadiness test (HST)), blood pressure and heart rate were measured pre-lunch, pre-coffee (1-hour post-lunch) and 1-hour post-coffee consumption. Subjective ratings of sleepiness and mood were also assessed during post-lunch sessions.Results: The mean age of the participants (n=16) was 27.4±2.7 years with a male: female ratio of 7:9. There was no significant deterioration in psychomotor performance post-lunch when compared to pre-lunch on both the days. The mean CFF, CRT, errors committed in HST and cardiovascular parameters did not differ significantly between regular coffee and decaffeinated groups during post-lunch sessions. There was no significant difference in values of cardiovascular parameters as well as subjective ratings of sleep and mood between two groups.Conclusions: In healthy adult individuals’ consumption of both regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee during the post-lunch period did not affect psychomotor performance.

Levels of Aminotransferases Among Schoolchildren in Jaipur, Rajasthan

We did cross-sectional study for normal values of amino-transferases in school children aged 2- 18 years. Median (IQR) AST and ALT values in study subjects were 30 (27- 34) U/L and 23 (19-29) U/L. We also provided age-and sex-related percentiles of aminotransferases of children. We observed a peak of median AST serum values in the age group 6-8 years followed by continuous decline with increasing age. While in ALT, we observed maximum values in age group 2-5 years followed by continuous decline. There was a statistically significant difference in values of amino-transferases between sexes.

Effect of Bonding Agent on Retention of Different Sealants: An in Vitro Study.

To investigate the effect of Co-curing versus Staged-curing and No-bonding on retention of different resin-based sealants (RBS). For shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage tests, 90 extracted premolars were divided equally into 3 groups (I, II, III). Each group was further subdivided equally into 3 subgroups (a, b, c). No-bonding subgroups did not receive a bonding agent, Staged-curing subgroups received a bonding agent that was cured before sealant application, while Co-curing subgroups received a bonding agent that was cured after sealant application. Seal-it was applied for group I, Helioseal-F for group II and Clinpro for group III. SBS buttons were tested using Instron machine, while microleakage specimens were examined using micro-CT. Clinpro showed the highest SBS values in Staged-curing and No-bonding groups (8.72±2.39, 12.51±3.16) respectively. Staged-curing was significantly greater in SBS values than those for other groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in microleakage values of Staged-curing among different RBS (P = 0.003), while there was no significant difference in values of No-bonding and Co-curing among different RBS (P = 0.541, P = 0.521). The use of a bonding agent as Staged-curing was more effective in improving sealant retention than No-bonding and Co-curing.

Improving Teachers’ Professionalism Through Blended-Based Training in Indonesia's Remote Area

Blended-based training is a best alternative choice for equalization of training in Indonesia’s district area in the Covid-19 pandemic era considering the low competency of teachers in Indonesia at this time. This research was applied on improving the teachers’ professionalism in Indonesia’s remote area in order to act their main roles on preparing the learning administration. The research method used was experimental research by one-group pre-test and post-test design. Research subject were from normative and adaptive teacher at in remote areas of North Sumatera Province in Indonesia with 31 teachers. The instrument which used was portfolio and individual test by writing the lesson plan and all tasks collected by google drive. The data analysis technique was performed using SPSS Statistic 20 by one simple paired t-test. The result of this study showed that blended-based training could improve the teachers’ profesionalism where the significan value (2-tailed) was 0.00 &lt; 0.05. It mean that there was a significant difference of values where the post-test score was bigger than the pre-test score.

Clinical Measurement of Maximum Mouth Opening in Children Aged 6-12.

To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex. Three hundred children of age 6-12 years, from different schools of Moradabad city were included. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age i.e Group 1 (n=100) 6-8 years, Group 2 (n=100) 8-10 years and Group 3 (n=100) 10-12 yrs. Three recordings of maximum mouth opening (MMO) were obtained using digital vernier caliper and the mean of three was considered as the MMO of that child. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA with post- hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was predetermined at p≤0.05 . The mean MMO for children of Moradabad of aged 6-8yrs in boys is 39.87 ± 4.91 mm and in girls is 36.85± 4.09 mm. In 8-10 yeas age group, the MMO in boys is 44.5± 5.1 mm and in girls 41.77± 5.24 mm. In 10-12 year age group, the MMO in boys is 49.63± 5.56 mm and in girls is 49.33±5.32 mm respectively. The MMO was found to be higher in boys in all the three age groups. There was a significant difference in values of MMO in all the three age groups with boys having higher MMO values when compared to girls. Varying range of MMO values was observed within three age groups.

MC4R polymorphism in rs17782313 influences on insulin resistance

Introduction: There are many factors responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome – mainly associated with lifestyle, but also genetic ones. MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor) genes variants have been associated with the risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Aim of the study: To investigate the association between MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism and concentrations of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI values in the whole study group. Materials and methods: Study group consisted of 294 patients (136 men and 158 women). Collected venous blood samples were stored at -700C until the study group was completed. In the laboratory of Clinical Hospital 1 in Zabrze, the DNA materials were isolated, proper concentration of the DNA (15 ng/μL) were prepared and quality and quantity were checked by spectrophotometry. Allelic discrimination was performed with the use of fluorescent-labelled TaqMan Pre-designed SNP Genotyping Assay probes. Results: No statistically significant differences in concentrations of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG between genotypes in women and men were observed. In the whole group of patients, glucose and insulin levels did not differ significantly between TT, CT and CC carriers. Significant differences in values of HOMA-IR and QUICKI between TT, CT and CC carriers as well as between TT carriers and CT+CC carriers were found. CC+TT carriers have a significantly lower value of HOMA-IR and higher QUICKI value than TT carriers. Conclusions: MC4R polymorphism in rs17782313 may be associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are necessary to completely assess the association between investigated polymorphism, insulin resistance and risk of diabetes mellitus development.

RISK FACTORS OF INFLUENZA A AND B VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN POPULATION FROM SOUTH- EASTERN AREA OF ROMANIA

The objective of this study was to identify clinical and paraclinical characteristics along with risk factors in patients with influenza A and B virus infection. Material and methods: This retrospective study included children diagnosed with influenza, admitted to the pediatric department of Constanta Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, from Romania, during the 2015-2019 influenza cold seasons. Data regarding clinical characteristics, laboratory tests (fibrinogen, white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatine-kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and management were collected. Results: Over the study period, 265 patients with influenza A and 83 patients with influenza B were investigated. The mean age of patients with influenza A was higher than of patients with influenza B (6.48 vs 5.9 years). It has been showed that cough was statistically different in both types (p=0.0094). The same statistically significant values were seen for rhinorrhea (p=0.0035), vomiting/nausea (p=0.0362), dyspnea (p=0.0449), myalgias (p=0.0412) and pneumonia (p=0.0077). At admission, the laboratory tests showed higher values of fibrinogen in A influenza and higher values of WBCs in B influenza. Hemoglobin, PLT, CK, and AST shows a significant difference for B influenza (p<0.001). In contrast, CRP shows significant differences of values for A influenza (p=0.001). Moreover, the early antiviral treatment was almost similar for both influenzas early from the onset (p=0.0418). Conclusions: Although we have found the predominance of clinical characteristics and non-specific inflammation markers as risk factors in patients with influenza A virus, the predisposing to influenza B should be paid also attention. This information’s should be used in order to optimize its utilization for early effective and preventive management strategies in pediatric population.

Comparison of Clinical, Metabolic and Hormonal Effects of Metformin Versus Combined Therapy of Metformin With Myoinositol Plus D-Chiro-Inositol in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of metformin alone versus combined therapy of metformin with myoinositol (MI) plus D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and methodsThis is a prospective, non-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in newly diagnosed PCOS women aged 18 to 45 years. Group I received metformin 500 mg twice a day orally for 6 months while group II received metformin 500 mg twice a day orally along with MI 550 mg plus DCI 150 mg twice daily orally for six months. The primary outcome was a change in clinical, metabolic and hormonal parameters of the two groups from baseline to the end of six months of treatment.ResultsA total of 72 patients were randomized into two groups of 36 patients each. Statistically, a significant difference was seen in terms of mean global acne score (p=0.004) and cycle regularity (p=0.034) after six months of treatment in group II. A significant difference in values of luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.002), luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio (p=0.007), mean cholesterol (p=0.040), mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.049), mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.0001) and postprandial insulin (p=0.005) was also seen in group II at the end of treatment duration. No significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of mean FSH, mean testosterone, mean dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), mean triglyceride, mean fasting and postprandial blood sugar, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index.ConclusionCombined therapy with metformin and MI plus DCI in women with PCOS and insulin resistance seems promising with the need for further studies with a greater sample size to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment.

Изучение ретинального кровотока у беременных с сахарным диабетом

Purpose. To investigate changes in retinal blood flow in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) using optical coherence tomography in angiography (OCTA) mode. Material and methods. 60 pregnant women were examined. The main group consisted of 24 women with DM type 1 and type 2. The control group was represented by 36 healthy women with physiological pregnancy. Women underwent OCTA on an Optovue RTVue XR Avanti device (Optovue Inc., USA) using the HD Angio Retina 6.0 mm scanning protocol. The total vascular density (TVD), foveal vascular density (FVD), and the area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) in the superficial retinal plexus were studied. The survey was carried out in all trimesters of pregnancy in the main group, in the control group – in the third trimester. Results. When conducting a comparative analysis, no significant differences in the values of TDV and AFAZ were found between the main group and the control group. FVD values in pregnant women with diabetes were statistically significantly lower relative to the control group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in FVD values in the subgroups of pregnant women with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and with diabetes and the absence of DR in the third trimester (p=0.114). However, AFAZ indices in patients with DR were significantly higher (p=0.039), and TDV – significantly lower in comparison with pregnant women with diabetes and no DR (p=0.035). Conclusions. 1. In pregnant women with diabetes in the third trimester, a statistically significant decrease in FPS in the superficial retinal plexus was revealed in comparison with healthy women with physiological pregnancy, in the absence of significant differences in TDV and AFAZ. 2. In pregnant women with DR in the third trimester, a statistically significant expansion of AFAZ with a decrease in TDV in the superficial plexus was revealed in comparison with pregnant women with DM and no DR. Key words: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence tomography in angiography mode, retinal blood flow.

The Effect of Freeze-Drying Procedures on Frangipani Sap Chloroform Extract Quality

The water content in the frangipani sap enormously influences the product of the extraction process of natural materials. Before extraction, water content on the herbal material based sap is reduced by using the drying process. This study aimed to analyze the impact of water content reduction through freeze and non-freeze dry in the quality chloroform extract of frangipani sap. This research was designed into two groups to reduce frangipani sap water content through freeze-drying and without freeze-drying. Both groups were extracted by maceration method and chloroform solvents. The result of extraction was seen the physical quality and phytochemical screening through the Thin Layer Chromatography method (flavonoids, anthraquinone, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids). Furthermore, the color intensity assay is produced from the Thin Layer Chromatography assay results and then carried out statistical tests. The results of this study are that without the freeze-drying group there is a fungus in the storage period. Both groups do not contain active ingredients flavonoids, anthraquinone, and polyphenols but contain alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids. The results of the color intensity test on the active ingredients contained showed that the freeze-drying group was higher and there were statistically significant differences in values. The results of this study indicated that chloroform extract of frangipani extract by freeze-drying showed higher quality than non-freeze drying. In the freeze-drying group, it can be found that there were no fungi and had the right color intensity. However, this study requires further study to know the compound properties quantitatively.

Determination of Suitability Test on Digital Mammography Using Voltage Accuracy Parameter

Determination of suitability test on digital mammography have been conducted from 2016-2018 at a hospital in Makassar City using voltage accuracy parameter. This measurement was used detector, and X-ray multimeter. Statistically, voltage accuracy parameter has correlation value, r = 0.866 (perfect correlation). While the p value obtained in voltage accuracy parameter is p &lt; 0.05. There are significant differences in value from 2016-2018. The result of the suitability test for voltage accuracy parameter is still within the tolerance limit as recommended by the IAEA.

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN FLIPPED CLASSROM DAN EXO OLO TASK PADA POSISI STRATEGIS INDONESIA SEBAGAI POROS MARITIM DUNIA DI SMA NEGERI 8 PADANG

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the aspects of learning activities and student learning outcomes. The method used in this research is Quasi Experimental with a design using a control group without a pretest. The study population was all students of class XI IPS at SMA Negeri 8 Padang, totaling 141 students. Samples were selected randomly. The class chosen to be the control class was class XI IPS 2 and the experimental class was XI IPS 1 at SMA Negeri 8 Padang. In this study, the following results were found. 1) the EXO OLO Task-based Flipped Classroom learning method which is applied to geography learning, especially the material of Indonesia's Strategic Position as a World Maritime Axis in the experimental class is proven to have a significant difference in value with the control class which is not given special behavior based on the results of different tests using the t-test. the value of tcount = 4.302 with a significant level of 5% then the value of t table = t (0.05 / 2, 61) = 1.9992 so it can be concluded that the value of tcount> ttable, so Ho is rejected. 2) In this study, both the control class and the experimental class were dominated by working on the questions independently. 3) The learning resources used by students are dominated by the internet, by accessing them via smartphones. 4) The quality of the network that influences the learning process does not change from the first meeting to the third meeting in both the control and experimental classes, with the highest percentage of network quality in the control class which is stable and the experimental class is dominated by less stable.

Protein Electrophoresis and Haptoglobin Values for Captive Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus).

Serum samples collected from 37 clinically normal bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) and 13 abnormal bongo were tested using assays for acute-phase proteins (APPs) and by protein electrophoresis. Abnormal bongo samples (n = 27) had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (FIB) (p < 0.001) and trending but not significantly increased haptoglobin (HP) (p = 0.07) vs. samples from normal bongo (n = 37). There were no significant differences in values for total white blood cell counts or for any of the fractions determined by protein electrophoresis. Clinically normal female bongo (n = 19) had significantly lower levels of FIB than normal males (n = 18) (p = 0.014), and this observation was also made with samples from the clinically abnormal group (p = 0.004). Many weak to moderate significant correlations were observed with increasing age, including increased globulins, FIB, and HP and decreased albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio and albumin. In clinical cases reviewed in this study, mild HP changes categorized this reactant as a minor APP, which contrasts with the major APP classification of HP in the related species of the cow. The preliminary data indicate that the quantitation of these APPs may offer value in assessing inflammation in this species, but additional studies are needed.