Significant Differences In Values Research Articles

ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF Basil (Ocimum sanctum) LEAF EXTRACT AND FRACTION ON Escherichia coli BACTERIA GROWTH

The study aims to determine the effect of basil leaf extract and fraction in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the best concentration in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.
 The methodin this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five repetitions based on each extract and fraction treatment group, namely: 25% concentration, 50% concentration and 75% concentration.
 The result shows that from each concentration used from the extract and fraction group, it was found that the largest concentration in inhibiting Eschericia coli bacteria was at a concentration of 75% in the extract group. Statistical analysis of data using Univariate showed no significant difference in values ​​between Fcount and Ftable, therefore it was continued by using the BNT test.
 Keywords: Basil, Extracts and Fractions, Escherichia coli

ANTHROPOMETRICSTUDY OF PROXIMAL END OF DRIED ADULT HUMAN FEMUR: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Femur is the longest and strongest bone of the human body. Its length is associated with a striding gait, its strength with weight and muscular forces. It comprises of an upper end, shaft and lower end. Proximal part of femur includes head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters. Objectives: The present study aimed to record the femoral length and head diameter parameters were carried out which would be of help to the orthopedicians while carrying out surgical repairs around the hip joint especially in fracture of the neck of femur. Material & Methods: A total of 100 North Indian unpaired dry adult human femora (Right-50, Left-50) of unknown sex were studied. Femoral length and Head Diameter of the femur were measured with the help of osteometeric board and vernier caliper and recorded in centimeters. The raw data obtained were statistically analyzed. Range, mean, standard deviation, and standard error of mean were determined. Results: - The mean femoral length was found to 43.93cm (Right- 44.53cm and Left- 43.33cm) with a range of 38.5 – 58.8cm (Right = 38.5 – 58.8cm and Left=38.5 – 51.3cm). The mean femoral head diameter was 39.35mm (Right = 39.86mm and Left =38.84mm) with a range of 20 – 47mm (Right = 20 – 46mm and Left = 32 - 47mm). No significant difference in values of femoral parameters were found in the right and left femur. Conclusion: The overall goal of this study was to generate information that would be useful for geometric modeling of femora and collecting data which could prove useful for the development of prosthetic implants.

Zinc deficiency and therapeutic role of sesame seeds on some physiological aspects of reproduction and growth in pregnant rats and its neonates

The present study aimed to find the Effect of zinc deficiency on some reproductive parameters among female rats and the growth of its neonates and to assess the therapeutic role of the sesame seeds. The research contained 35 pregnant females rats they were divided into seven groups, the first was control, the second was fed diet poor in zinc, the third group added sesame to diet poor in zinc and the fourth group was treated with diet poor in zinc added to it vitamin C. Groups five, six and seven were given poor zinc diet in the first, second and third trimester, respectively. The results showed a significant decrease of Prolactin (PRL) level in studied groups except in vitamin C group which showed no significant differences in value (P≤0.05) compared with a poor zinc diet group. While there were increasing in the FSH and LH levels in all studied groups except the first week which showed no significant difference compared with a poor zinc diet. Results indicated a significant decrease in the level of Estrogen(E2) in the first and third weeks, and increased its level in vitamin C and the second week groups, while sesame seeds group showed no significant difference compared with the poor zinc diet Group. The results showed an increased level of Progesterone (PRO) significantly in the second and the third week groups and a decrease in the sesame seeds and the first week groups, and the lack of significant difference in the vitamin C group compared with the poor zinc Group. The results showed a high level of superoxide dismutase( SOD) Glutathione (GSH) and low level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly in the studied groups except for the second week group appeared no significant difference in the level of GSH and MDA compared with a poor zinc diet group. The results of neonates showed significant increasing in the length of the body in sesame seeds and vitamin C groups, while showed no significant differences in the group of first, second and third weeks compared to poor zinc diet. Studied groups showed also a significant increase in body weight except for the second week group which showed a significant decrease, while the third week group did not show significant differences compared with the poor zinc diet Group. The results showed a significant decrease in mortality rate and the level of MDA in the brain, liver and placenta tissue extract in all groups except the second week group which showed a significant increase in the mortality rate and the level of liver MDA and placenta and in the first week in liver MDA only in comparison with a poor zinc diet group.

Comparison of changes in lipid profiles of premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer treated with different endocrine therapies

Adjuvant endocrine therapy improves the prognosis of early breast cancer with hormone receptor positivity. However, there is no systematic report on the effect of endocrine therapy (particularly ovarian function suppression, OFS) on serum lipids in premenopausal women. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether various endocrine treatments had different effects on blood lipids. This study enrolled 160 premenopausal patients with stage I–III breast cancer in eastern China. The initial diagnostic information was retrieved from patient's medical records, including age at the time of diagnosis, tumor characteristics, anticancer treatment and past medical history. The changes in blood lipids in patients receiving different types of endocrine therapy were compared at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months after initiating endocrine therapy. Generalized linear mixed model was used in our analyses. Our data revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with tamoxifen (TAM) were significantly lower in the 6th, 12th, and 24th months than that in the 3rd month, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the 6th, 12th, and 24th months were significantly higher than that in the 3rd month, indicating that blood lipid levels generally improved with time. While in TAM plus OFS group, HDL-C levels were significantly higher in the 24th month than in the 3rd month, total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in the 24th month than in the 6th month. The lipid profiles of OFS plus aromatase inhibitor (AI) group did not show significant differences at any time point but were significantly higher than those of the other two groups especially in LDL and TC. TAM group tended to have lower serum lipid levels. With longer follow-up, no statistically significant difference in values was observed between TAM and TAM plus OFS groups at various time points. Compared with the other two groups, OFS plus AI group presented an increasing trend toward LDL-C and TC. The risk of dyslipidemia requires further investigation using a large sample size.

Product Innovation Of Noodles With Water Lentil Ingredients

People who are aware of the importance of quality of life are more likely to seek out natural food products in order to maintain their health. Natural food products derived from various plants can trigger curiosity and exploration while adding variety. One of the natural food products from this group is water lentils, commonly called duckweed.This research was conducted to find out whether water lentils, which are now available in the form of protein powder, can be developed into noodles that are suitable for serving a group of people with a healthy lifestyle. This study used an experimental design method approach. The researcher made water lentil noodles by modifying the egg noodle recipe. Products that have been successfully made will be presented to 15 semi-trained panelists who have a level of health awareness. The results of the hedonic test from the panelists showed that the water lentil noodles developed by the researchers were more preferable to ordinary egg noodles. In addition, the results of the different tests using the Mann-Whitney U method yielded significant differences in values between ordinary egg noodles and noodles with water lentils as filler. Noodles filled with water lentils have advantages in terms of appearance, texture, taste, and aroma, meaning that overall, all aspects of noodles filled with water lentils are preferred over ordinary egg noodles

STUDENT PREFERENCES ON TYPES OF LEARNING MODELS RELATED TO HUMAN AND OUTER SPACE MATERIALS

The method used in this research is experimental research. In general, the characteristics of experimental research in this study include: manipulation and observation. The type of research design used is pre experimental design, while data analysis uses analysis of variance through the two-way Friedman level. This method is applied to determine whether or not there are significant differences in values ​​in several population groups. By calculation, chi-squared value is 8.10. Because the value is greater than chi-square value in the table of 7.815, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Thus, from the point of view of the learning model, it can be concluded that students have significant differences in preferences for the four learning models related to human and outer space materials. In this condition, the students considered that the four learning models had different levels of advantages and disadvantages in learning so that their preferences for the four were also different.

Subcritical Water Extraction as an Effective Technique for the Isolation of Phenolic Compounds of Achillea Species

The genus Achillea has significant medical potential due to the presence of highly bioactive compounds in its chemical composition. To take advantage of plants’ biomedical potential, it is of great importance to use a proper extraction process. This study aimed to determine and compare the preliminary chemical composition of five different Achillea species extracted with two conventional (infusion and maceration) and two non-conventional (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and Subcritical water extraction (SWE)) techniques. The extracts were prepared using the previously described procedures for infusion, maceration, UAE and SWE extraction. For all extracts, the extraction yield (dry extract (DE)) was determined. The analyzed extracts were preliminarily chemically characterized spectrophotometrically in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The obtained results showed that non-conventional techniques delivered higher values of TPC and TFC than conventional. There is a statistically significant increase in DE and TPC content when applying SWE for all observed Achillea species. The highest DE value, 48.80 ± 1.76%, was observed for A. asplenifolia. The highest TPC values were observed after applying SWE: 93.63 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g DE for A. millefolium, and 90.12 ± 0.87 mg GAE/g DE for A. crithmifolia. The results for TFC revealed a statistically significant difference in values, with A. nobilis subsp. nelreichii as the sample with the highest content of TFC (11.11 ± 0.22 mg QE/g DE) when using UAE. Consequently, it could be concluded that SWE is a superior non-conventional extraction technique, and A. nobilis subsp. nerleichii presents as the most promising plant.

The Implementation of Tongue Twister Method to Improve Students’ English Pronunciation

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of the tongue twister method on students' pronunciation. This research employed quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The population of this study is the second-grade students of SMAN 1 Campalagian, 150 students, and the sample consists of 32 students who are divided into two groups; the control group (16 students) and the experimental group (16 students). The control group was taught using the song technique while the experimental group was taught using the tongue twister method. The researchers used test (Pre-test and post-test) as the instrument in the study. Based on the test results, the researchers conclude that the average post-test score is higher than the pre-test, those are (60>55) and (75>65). This research indicates that there is a significant difference in value between the two. Therefore, it can be concluded that students make improvement in learning pronunciation through tongue twisters.

Analysis Of Differences In Basic Driblling Techniques Undergrade Elementary School Student Basketball

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the basic technical abilities of basketball students in grades 1,2,3. The basic technique is the initial ability of the game of basketball where students can learn quickly and understand the game of basketball. The method used is descriptive quantitative analysis method with the type of survey method, this research is carried out by tests and measurements. The research population was students of SDN 10 Anjungan class 1,2,3, which amounted to 117 students, 52 male students, and 65 female students. The technique for taking this sample uses a population sample. The instrument of this research is dribbling zig-gaz. Analysis of the data using SPSS t test was carried out to see if there were differences between classes. The results of this study indicate that the significance value in the lower class is 0.009 <0.05, it can be concluded that in the lower class there is a significant difference in value, it is declared not the same. This study proves that there are significant differences in the basic basketball techniques of the lower class group, such as dribbling.

First Molecular Genotyping of Cryptosporidium felis in Cattle, Iraq.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iraqi study to detect C. felis in cattle by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and to confirm the local isolates in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Overall, 130 diarrheic calves of different ages and sexes were selected randomly from rural and sub-urban areas in Wasit province (Iraq) from February to April (2021) and subjected to direct collection of fresh fecal samples for DNA extraction and PCR examination. Targeting the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene of C. felis showed that 17.69% of the animals were positive. Findings from clinical examination revealed no significant differences in values of temperature, pulse, or respiratory rates between the positive and negative calves. The association between the positive results and demographic risk factors showed no significant differences in the prevalence rate of infection and risk of exposure to C. felis between the rural and sub-urban areas; however, higher significant values were reported in calves aged 6 months than in calves aged 12 months, as well as in females than in males. Five of the local C. felis isolates were documented under the accession numbers MZ964600.1, MZ964601.1, MZ964602.1, MZ964603.1, and MZ964604.1. Finally, the data presented here provide epidemiological and molecular evidence that the range of C. felis in cattle is wider than expected globally, with a high probability of infection transmission from cattle to humans.

The Importance of Acetabular Morphometry in Determining Hip Dysplasia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between acetabulum morphological measurements and present the reference values of the acetabulum. The study had a retrospective design and was conducted with 234 healthy subjects (108 females; 126 males) aged 18-53 years over a period of 4 years from 2018 to 2022. Eleven measurements including the center- edge angle (CEA), acetabular angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular width (AW), dept to width ratio (ADWR), Extrusion A (EA)-B (EB), Extrusion index (EI), the lateral subluxation (LS), peak to edge distance (PED), and roof obliquity (RO) were taken. The p<0.05 value was considered significant. A significant difference was found in CEA, AA, EB, LS, and RO values, while there was no significance in the AD, AW, ADWR, EI, and PED measurements in comparison with acetabular morphometry according to gender. Also, in the evaluation of acetabulum to age-related changes, there was a significant difference in values of the CEA, AA, AD, AW, ADWR, LS, and PED from decades 1 to 5. The knowledge of radiological acetabulum findings is paramount for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia and may be useful for prosthesis, orthopedic and forensic experts. Also, the most interesting finding was that ADWR increased based on age in a directly proportional trend. The most apparent change based on age was seen in CEA (between decades 3-4), LS (decades 1-5), PED (decades 2-4), AD, and AW (decades 2-5).

Study on Unstable Combustion Characteristics of Model Combustor with Different Swirler Schemes

In this paper, the effect of the swirler scheme on combustion instability is studied. Through the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of flame images, Abel inverse transform and other methods, the influence of swirl intensity on the characteristic frequency of combustion instability was emphatically studied. Based on the low order thermoacoustic network (LOTAN) of the combustor, the flame transfer function (FTF) under different swirl schemes was obtained by the optimization method. The experimental results show that the stable combustion equivalence ratio boundary of the system decreases monotonously with the decrease in swirl intensity, while the characteristic frequency of unstable combustion is not monotonous with the swirl intensity (the oscillating frequency of swirler A with the largest swirl intensity is approximately 319 Hz, swirler B is approximately 280 Hz, swirler C with the smallest swirl intensity is approximately 290 Hz). The optimization results of FTF can easily introduce this non monotonic phenomenon. The swirl intensity mainly affects the hysteresis time of the system (the lag time of swirlers A, B and C are 5.98 ms, 6.82 ms and 6.20 ms, respectively), which is mainly caused by affecting the flame structure and convection velocity. At the same time, the FTF obtained by optimization reflects the same trend with the experimental results, and there is no significant difference in value, which proves the rationality of the optimization method. This work emphasizes the importance of FTF for combustion instability analysis.

Individual and Combined Effects of Diabetes and Glaucoma on Total Macular Thickness and Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Presence of diabetes in glaucoma patients may influence findings while documenting the progression of glaucoma. We conducted the study to compare individual and combined effects of diabetes and glaucoma on macular thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness. The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 172 eyes of 114 individuals. The groups were categorized according to the following conditions: glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, both glaucoma and diabetes (`both' group), and none of these conditions (`none' group). Patients with diabetes did not have diabetic retinopathy (DR). We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, foveal loss of volume (FLV), and global loss of volume (GLV) among the groups. We used random effects multivariate analysis to adjust for potential confounders. The mean (SD) age of these individuals was 60.7 (10.1) years. The total average RNFL and GCC were significantly lower in the glaucoma group (RNFL: -36.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -42.79 to -29.74; P 0.05, and GCC: -26.24, 95% CI: -31.49 to -20.98; P 0.05) and the `both' group (RNFL: -24.74, 95% CI: -32.84 to -16.63; P 0.05, and GCC: -17.92, 95% CI: -24.58 to -11.26; P 0.05) as compared with the `none' group. There were no significant differences in the average RNFL values and total average GCC between the diabetes group and the `none' group. The values of FLV and GLV were significantly higher in the `glaucoma' group and the `both' group as compared with the `none' group. The foveal values were not significantly different across these four groups. Among the glaucoma cases, 25% were mild, 30% were moderate, and 45% were severe; there was no significant difference in the proportion of severity of glaucoma between the `glaucoma only' and `both' groups (p=0.32). After adjusting for severity and type of glaucoma, there were no statistically significant differences in the values of average RNFL (6.6, 95% CI: -1.9 to 15.2; P=0.13), total average GCC (3.6, -95% CI: -2.4 to 9.6; P=0.24), and GLV (-3.9, 95% CI: -9.5 to 1.6; P=0.16) in the `both group' as compared with the glaucoma only group. We found that diabetes with no DR did not significantly affect the retinal parameters in patients with glaucoma. Thus, it is less likely that thickness of these parameters will be overestimated in patients with glaucoma who have concurrent diabetes without retinopathy.

Abstract 11441: Triplane Left Atrial Strain

The objective was to compare the percentage of myocardial deformation of the left atrium evaluated by monoplanar, biplanar and triplanar measurement. A total of 126 healthy patients were collected, of which 71 (56%) were male, the mean age of the population was 38 years (±16). Intraobserver and interobserver variability were adequate.The different values of the left atrium were compared. For the reservoir strain, only a significant difference was found between the apical 3-chamber and apical 2-chamber values reported; in pump strain there were no significant differences in values obtained; for the conduit strain, again the apical 3-chamber view was the lowest, finding a significant difference with the apical 4c, apical 2c and biplane views.The concordance of the reservoir strain of each apical view was independently related to the biplane and triplane views, finding that both apical 2c and 4c views had a good concordance with both biplane and triplane views, however, apical 3c view had a lower concordance. The same was found for pump strain and conduit strain, being Apical 2c and 4c views superior. Conclusion: The 3-chamber view has different left atrial strain values than the other apical views and the concordance of all other values of left atrium examination are similar, hence it is not further significant to perform a biplane or triplane examination.

A simple screening method for heterozygous female patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), caused by X-linked OTC mutations, is characterized by life-threatening hyperammonemia. Heterozygous female patients are often asymptomatic and usually have milder disease than affected male patients, but can have higher morbidity and mortality rates if the disease progresses prior to diagnosis. Our purpose was to establish a screening method for female heterozygotes with OTCD. We retrospectively identified female patients who underwent plasma amino acid analysis at the National Center for Child Health and Development, using data from electronic medical records from March 2002 to September 2021. We extracted patient age, medical history, and biochemical data, including plasma amino acid levels. Patients were categorized into several groups according to their underlying diseases; those with underlying diseases that could potentially affect plasma amino acid levels, such as mitochondrial disease or short bowel syndrome, were excluded, except for untreated OTCD. Biochemical values were compared between OTCD patients and others using the Mann-Whitney U test. The receiver operator characteristic analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability for detecting OTCD in each subject. For patients with multiple test data, the most recent of the measurement dates was used in the analysis. The data sets of 976 patients were included. There were significant differences in values of glutamine, citrulline, arginine, and ammonia, but the diagnostic capacity of each alone was inadequate. By contrast, the (glutamine + glycine)/(citrulline + arginine) ratio was appropriate for discriminating heterozygous female patients with OTCD, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.6% when the cutoff level was 15.8; the AUC for this discrimination was 0.996 (95% confidence interval, 0.992 to 1.000). These findings could help identify heterozygous female patients with OTCD before the onset of clinical disease.

Physical Literacy of Marginalized Middle School Adolescents in Kansas City Public Schools.

Physical inactivity among adolescents in the United States continues to be a pervasive and growing problem, especially among low income and adolescents of color. Physical literacy is important for adolescents to engage in physical activity. However, few studies have assessed physical literacy among marginalized populations. The purpose of this study is to describe levels of physical literacy among marginalized adolescents in a Midwest City. Data were collected from 169 participants (85 adolescents and 84 parents). Adolescents included in the study were from 4 Kansas City (Missouri) public schools. Univariate statistics were calculated for 3 physical literacy domains (PLAYinventory, PLAYself, and PLAYparent). To assess for differences among groups, the authors conducted a single-factor analysis of variance (1-way analysis of variance). The sample (N = 169) was primarily Hispanic (48.2% adolescents and 42.9% parents). Sedentary behaviors were self-reported as the highest overall activities adolescents participated in within the past 12months. The mean physical literacy score for this sample was 71.9 among adolescent reported and 72.7 among parent reported. Analysis of variance of racial and ethnic groups for PLAYself and PLAYparent assessments showed no significant difference in values. Compared with other subscales of both the PLAYparent and PLAYself instrument, parents and adolescents showed a lack of confidence in adolescent's ability to be active in the 4 environments (land, water, ice, and snow). Physical literacy is shown to be important in maintaining physical activity throughout life; given this, it is important to understand how to increase confidence of seasonal specific skills in marginalized adolescents.

Psychodrama Techniques To Improve Academic Self-Efficacy In Madrasah Aliyah Students

There are several symptoms experienced by students who have low academic self-efficacy, namely quickly giving up when working on difficult exam questions, only understanding some subject matter which they think is easy and not sure if their test scores pass in subjects they do not master. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling approach to rational emotive behavior therapy with psychodrama techniques to improve academic self-efficacy in class XI MA Madania Bantul Yogyakarta students. This study uses quantitative research methods using experimental types, this experimental research design uses a quasi-experimental research pattern with a nonequivalent control group design. The design of this study consisted of two sample groups selected by purposive sampling technique, namely the experimental group and the control group, each group consisting of 10 students. The data collection technique used is the Likert scale with the aim of measuring students' academic self-efficacy. The result of this research using independent t test is that the t-count value is greater than the t-table value (23.526 1.734). Based on the results of this test, there is a significant difference in values between the experimental and control groups. So it can be concluded that the hypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that psychodrama techniques are effective for increasing academic self-efficacy in class XI students of Madrasah Aliyah.Madania Bantul Yogyakarta.

Role of Adjuvant Regional Nodal Irradiation in Resected Melanoma: A Secondary Analysis of SWOG S1404

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Results from TROG 02.01 demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in high-risk melanoma patients is associated with improved locoregional control (LRC). The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of adjuvant RT in standard risk (SR), high risk (HR) and ultra-high risk (UHR) melanoma patients in the immunotherapy era. S1404 randomized resected stage III and stage IV melanoma patients to standard of care adjuvant immunotherapy or pembrolizumab after surgery. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> We retrospectively analyzed the data for 1239 patients enrolled in S1404. We stratified the patients according to SR (no high-risk features), HR (defined according to TROG 02.01 trial) and UHR (extracapsular extension with 5 or more positive nodes or 4 cm or greater nodal size). Recurrence free survival (RFS) and time to regional recurrence (TtRR) were primary outcomes; distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was a secondary outcome. RFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and associations with the outcome were evaluated using Cox regression models. TtRR and DMFS were estimated with cumulative incidence curves and associations with the outcome were evaluated using cause-specific regression models. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1239 patients analyzed, 136 patients (11%) completed RT. The most common RT regimen used was 30 Gy/5 fractions (37%) followed by 48 Gy/20 fractions (31%). Fifty three percent of patients were HR per TROG02.01. More HR patients received RT compared to SR (16 % versus 6%; p-value <= 0.001). Among the patients who received RT 76/136 (56%) were advanced stage (Stage IIIC/ resected Stage IV) compared with those who did not 390/1103 (35%); p value <= 0.001. Similarly macroscopic lymph node involvement was significantly higher in RT group, 89/136 (65%) versus 457/1103 (41%); p value <=0.001. TtRR was significantly longer for patients who completed RT (all comers: 9% RR @ 4 year no RT vs 1% @ 4 year with RT; p value = 0.015). For high-risk patients, TtRR was longer for patients who received RT regardless of PD1 status (12% RR @ 4 year no RT vs 2% @ 4 year with RT; p value = 0.009). No significant difference in value of RT was seen based on anatomic nodal site, study arm or BRAF mutation status. Among patients treated with pembrolizumab, a trend toward RFS benefit was seen in patients treated with RT (HR = 1.54, 95% confidence interval 0.94-2.53; p=0.085). There was no significant difference in DMFS between those who completed RT versus not. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study validated the results of previous studies and suggests consideration of adjuvant RT in high-risk patients regardless of planned adjuvant immunotherapy for improved LRC. We recommend the use of adjuvant RT in patients with macroscopic nodal involvement with extracapsular extension or with heavy nodal burden even in the immunotherapy era.

Integrating 18 F-FDG PET/CT with lung dose-volume for assessing lung inflammatory changes after arc-based radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: A pilot study.

The incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) has a highly linear relationship with low-dose lung volume. We previously established a volume-based algorithm (VBA) method to improve low-dose lung volume in radiotherapy (RT). This study assessed lung inflammatory changes by integrating fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) with VBA for esophageal cancer patients undergoing arc-based RT. Thirty esophageal cancer patients received 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging pre-RT and post-RT were included in a retrospective pilot study. We fused lung doses and parameters of PET/CT in RT planning. Based on VBA, we used the 5Gy isodose curve to define high-dose (HD) and low-dose (LD) regions in the lung volume. We divided patients into non-RP (nRP) and RP groups. The maximum, mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), global lung glycolysis (GLG), mean lung dose (MLD) and V5-30 in lungs were analyzed. Area under the curve values were utilized to identify optimal cut-off values for RP. Eleven patients in the nRP group and 19 patients in the RP group were identified. In 30 RP lungs, post-RT SUVmax, SUVmean and GLG of HD regions showed significant increases compared to values for pre-RT lungs. There were no significant differences in values of 22 nRP lungs. Post-RT SUVmax and SUVmean of HD regions, MLD, and lung V5 and V10 in RP lungs were significantly higher than in nRP lungs. For detecting RP, the optimal cut-off values were post-RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14%. This study successfully integrated 18 F-FDG PET/CT with VBA to assess RP in esophageal cancer patients undergoing RT. Post-RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14% might be potential indicators of RP.

The Effectiveness Of Interactive Power Point Learning Media Towards The Motivation Of Learning To Write Pantun For Class VII Students Of The Masehi Private Junior High School Berastagi 2021/2022

The quality of education is very much influenced by factors, where one of the factors that affect the quality of education is the quality of learning in schools and can be seen from the increase in grades. Utilization of media in the learning process in the classroom to make the learning atmosphere fun and can increase student grades. The use of learning media to write rhymes can increase the learning motivation of 7th graders of Berastagi Private Middle School students. It can be seen from the results of simple linear regression testing that the t test significance value is 0.071 less than 0.1and the t regression coefficient is positive, meaning that the more frequent use of interactive learning media, the students' learning motivation will increase. There is a significant difference in value between before the use of interactive learning media and after the use of interactive power point learning media. It can be seen from the test results that the average paired sample difference produces a sig value of 0.000 less than 0.05. The value after using interactive learning media is higher than the value before using interactive power point learning media. Suggestions for further research to add other variables that affect students' learning motivation, because the results of this study indicate that the contribution of learning media to increasing students' learning motivation is only 3.8 percent. Suggestions for teachers to use interactive learning media as a means to deliver material to students, because it is proven that the use of interactive learning media can increase student values and motivation in learning.