Significant Differences In Other Indices Research Articles

Effects of different varieties and processing degree grains on blood glucose and blood lipid in rats

To investigate the effects of whole grains(WG) and refined grains(RG) on blood glucose, blood lipid and inflammatory factors in normal rats, and the common effects of different whole grains. 2×2 factorial experiments were designed according to grain sources(rice & wheat) and processing precision(whole grain & refined grain). According to the initial body weight and fasting blood glucose, 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: RG rice group, WG rice group, RG wheat group and WG wheat group. They were fed with 45% refined rice, whole grain rice, refined wheat and whole grain wheat respectively for 18 weeks. The formula was in accordance with AIN-93 G. Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly. Fasting blood glucose, lipid, inflammatory factors and organ pathology were detected at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, the body weight growth and food intake of rats in each group were basically the same. At the end of the experiment, fatty liver appeared in varying degrees, while the kidney of rats in RG rice group and RG wheat group showed epithelial steatosis. Biochemical indexes showed that blood urea nitrogen(UN), fasting blood glucose(FBG), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in RG wheat group were significantly higher than those in WG wheat group(P<0. 05), while high density lipoprotein(HDL)level in RG wheat group was significantly lower than that in WG wheat group(P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference in other indexes. The result of factorial analysis showed that the differences of FBG, serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)caused by different grain processing degree were significant, but there was no significant difference between rice and wheat varieties(P>0. 05). Studies have shown that long-term feeding of refined grains can lead to fasting blood glucose, blood lipid abnormality and renal pathological changes in rats, and proper feeding of whole grains can delay the development of adverse symptoms.

Physiological and neuropsychological features of adaptation to training in conditions of Western Ural among foreign students from India

Aim. To study the physiological and neuropsychological features of adaptation to training in conditions of Western Ural among foreign students from India.
 Materials and methods. The object of study – first-year foreign students from India and Russian students of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University (52 and 47 persons, respectively). There were studied the parameters of physical development and cardiovascular system, including those with loading, as well as hypoxia tolerance tests. The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI), Robinson and Kerdo index, cardiac performance index (CPI), strength index (SI). The health level was calculated by G.L. Apanasenko. Peculiar features of students’ neuropsychical status were studied using the following surveys: Spilberger-Hanin Anxiety Scale to determine personal and situational anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), scale for assessment of depression symptoms CES-D, scale for assessment of quality of life SF-36 with subscales, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, asthenia scale MFI-20, CAM (cenesthesia, activity, mood).
 Results. Among Indian students, dispersion of BMI values and lower dynamometry indices were established. Hypoxia tolerance in the groups was similar. Kerdo index values in the group of Indian students showed a tendency to vagotonia, in the control group – to normotonia. No significant differences in other indices were registered. Health level in the studied groups was in “dangerous” zone regarding the risk for development of chronic noninfectious diseases, especially in the group of Indian students. The situational anxiety level by Spilberg 1 scale, and depression level by CES-D scale were reliably higher in the group of foreign students (p < 0.0001). SF-36 PF and SF-36 GH scores in Indian students were reliably lower versus Russian. Psychical component of health by SF-36 MH subscale was significantly higher in Russian students.
 Conclusions. Among first-year students from India, who study at Perm State Medical University, there is observed a complex adaptive syndrome, which needs to be taken into account and corrected to prevent deadaptation disorders and raise progress in studies as well as quality of life and health status.

Intervention of curcumin and its analogue J7 on oxidative stress injury in testis of type 2 diabetic rats

To investigate the intervention of curcumin and its analogue J7 on oxidative stress injury in testis of type 2 diabetic rats. Sixty male SD rats, 10 rats were chosen as normal control group (NC), the other 50 rats were assigned to experiment group. Experiment diabetic rats were induced by high-fat food and intraperitoneal injection of steptozotocin (STZ). After the model was established successfully, diabetic rats were divided into four groups randomly: diabetes mellitus group (DM, n=12), curcumin treatment group (CUR, n=10), high dose treatment group of J7 (J+, n=10), low dose treatment group of J7 (J-, n=10). The CUR group were intragastrically administered with curcumin 20 mg/kg daily, in addition, the J+ group and the J- group were intragastrically administered with J7 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg daily respectively. After 8 weeks, the fast blood glucose was detected biochemically. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by hydroxylamine method and thiobarbituric acid method respectively. The protein expressions of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (tNrf2), phosphorylation of Nrf2 (pNrf2), catalase (CAT), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were measured by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of CAT, NQO1, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO1) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Morphological structure of testis was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expressions of Nrf2 and CAT were also detected by immunohistochemical method. The levels of fast blood glucose and MDA in DM group were increased significantly(P＜0.05), while the body weight, the activity of SOD, the protein expressions of pNrf2/tNrf2, CAT, NQO1 and the mRNA expressions of CAT, NQO1, HO1 were decreased (P＜0.05). Under light microscope, the DM group showed disrupted histological appearance. Immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expressions of Nrf2 around the nucleus and CAT were decreased. With the treatment of curcumin and J7, the MDA levels in the three treatment groups were decreased (P＜0.05). The activity of SOD, the protein expressions of pNrf2/tNrf2, CAT, NQO1 and the mRNA expressions of NQO1, HO1 were increased (P＜0.05). the levels of fast blood glucose were decreased in the J+ and J- group (P＜0.05), and the mRNA expression of CAT was increased in the J+ group (P＜0.05). The ratio of pNrf2/tNrf2 in the J+ group was significantly higher than that in CUR and J- group (P＜0.05). The protein level of CAT in the J+ group was also significantly higher than that in J- group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in other indexes among the three treatment groups. Under light microscope, the morphology was obviously improved in the three treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expressions of Nrf2 around the nucleus and CAT were increased in the three treatment groups. It was suggested that high dose J7 had better antioxidant stress ability in testis of diabetic rats. Curcumin and J7 could inhibit the oxidative stress damage of testicular tissue in diabetic rats, which might be related with the activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Risk Factors Associated with Venous Thromboembolism after Lung Cancer Surgery: A Single-center Study

背景与目的肺癌术后静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism, VTE）的发生率并非少见，本研究旨在分析肺癌术后VTE相关危险因素，为进一步防治VTE提供临床依据。方法本研究为单中心研究。选择2016年7月-2017年12月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院胸外科接受手术治疗的肺癌患者，除术前常规检查外，所有患者均在手术前后行下肢多普勒超声以明确有无新发下肢深静脉血栓（deep venous thrombosis, DVT）。患者术前术后均未接受预防性抗凝治疗。按照术后是否发生VTE将患者分为VTE组和对照组，比较两组间的基线资料、手术相关资料（手术类型、术式等）、肿瘤病理相关资料（病理分型、血管浸润、病理分期等）。结果按照纳入标准，本研究共对339例接受肺癌手术的患者进行了分析，其中男性166例，女性173例，年龄范围23岁-86岁。术后共39例发生VTE，发生率为11.5%。比较两组年龄、性别、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA）、吸烟状况、基础疾病等，除年龄有显著性差异外，其他指标均无显著性差异；比较两组术前血常规、血生化、凝血、肿瘤标记物、肺功能、下肢静脉超声等，术前癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA）水平、术前D-二聚体水平、肺功能水平及下肢肌间静脉扩张比率两组有显著性差异，其他指标均无显著性差异；比较两组手术时长、手术方式、出血量、病理类型、病理分期、血管侵犯等，手术时长、手术方式（开胸vs胸腔镜）、出血量等因素有统计学差异，其他指标均无显著性差异。单因素分析结果显示：VTE组在年龄、术前CEA水平、术前D-二聚体水平、肺功能水平、下肢肌间静脉扩张比率、开胸手术比率、手术时长、出血量均与对照组有显著差异（P < 0.05）。而病理分期、病理类型等因素与VTE发生无显著相关性。多因素Logistics回归分析显示，第1秒用力呼气量（forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1）、手术方式、下肢肌间静脉扩张是肺癌术后合并VTE的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论本研究结果提示患者FEV1、手术方式以及下肢肌间静脉扩张是肺癌术后合并VTE的独立危险因素。

Differential effects of age and sex on insulin sensitivity and body composition in adolescent offspring of women with type 1 diabetes: results from the EPICOM study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age and sex on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the adolescent offspring of women with type 1 diabetes, compared with the background population. This was a prospective nationwide follow-up study (Epigenetic, Genetic and Environmental Effects on Growth, Cognitive Functions and Metabolism in Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes [EPICOM]) in a Danish population. We examined 278 offspring of women with type 1 diabetes from the Danish Diabetes Association Register born during 1993-1999 (index offspring) and 303 control offspring, identified through the Danish Central Office of Civil Registration and matched to the index offspring with respect to date of birth, sex and postal code. The offspring had an overall mean age of 16.7years (range 13.0-20.4years). The main outcomes were age-related changes in fasting OGTT-derived indices for insulin sensitivity (BIGTT-SI0-30-120, Matsuda index, HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (acute insulin response [BIGTT-AIR0-0-30-120], insulinogenic index, HOMA of insulin secretory function [HOMA-β], disposition index) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). In addition, we determined total body fat (TBF) percentage using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We observed significantly lower insulin sensitivity in index offspring compared with control offspring, increasing with age. The differences were attenuated after adjustment for TBF percentage, but were still significant at 17 and 18years of age. We also observed decreased disposition index and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 in index offspring at the same age, but we found no significant differences in other indices of insulin secretion compared with control offspring. With age, TBF percentage became increasingly more divergent between index and control offspring, and was consistently higher among female but not male index offspring. Differences in insulin sensitivity between the offspring of women with type 1 diabetes and control offspring increased with age. This was only partially explained by higher adiposity in the index offspring. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01559181.

Pentacam topographic changes after collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus.

Background:Corneal cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultra-violet A is less invasive in comparison with other procedures such as penetrating keratoplasty. Hence, we planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of CXL in disease progression and to compare keratoconus indices before and 1 year after cross-linking by Pentacam.Materials and Methods:In this prospective clinical trial, we enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients suffering from keratoconus who were candidates for CXL. All eyes were examined before and one 1 year after surgery with a slit lamp and Pentacam for corneal topography. To compare the mean of each Pentacam parameter and index before and 1 year after the surgery, we used paired t-test.Results:There were 23 males and 14 females. The mean age was 21.5 years 18-30 years). At the 12th month examination, the corneal thickness had decreased (P = 0.0068) and the Index of Height Decentration (IHD) had increased (P = 0.016). There were no statistically significant differences in other indices and parameters 1 year after CXL.Conclusion:Most of the parameters and indices had not changed during 1 year after CXL. The procedure seems to be effective in stopping the disease progression at least for 12 months after surgery.

Clinical study of hepatectomy combined with Jianpi Huayu Therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) possesses several advantages for treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The theory of 'Jianpi Huayu Therapy' rooted from 'Jin Kui Yao Lue' is one of the most important therapies in this respect. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical effect and safety of hepatectomy combining with 'Jianpi Huayu Therapy' in the treatment of HCC. One hundred and twenty patients with HCC were randomized allocated into hepatectomy combined with 'Jianpi Huayu Therapy' group (treatment group, n=60) and hepatectomy alone group (control group, n=60). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary end-points. Liver function at the end of one week after surgery, complications, average days of hospitalization as well as performance status (PS) at the end of one month post operation were also compared. No significant differences existed between two groups on baseline analysis (p>0.05). No treatment related mortality occurred in either group. Post-operative complications were detected among 14 patients (23.3%) in the treatment group, and 12 (20.0%) in the control group (p=0.658). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at the end of one week after operation was lower in the treatment than control groups (p=0.042). No significant differences in other indexes of liver function were discovered between two groups. Average days of hospitalization reduced by 0.9 day in treatment group than in control (p=0.034). During follow-up, 104 patients (86.6%) developed recurrence. The rates of 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS and median DFS for all patients were 77.4%, 26.3%, 9.0% and 25.6 months (range, 6.0~68.0), respectively (78.2%, 29.2%, 14.3% and 28.7 months for the 48 patients in the treatment group and 75.0%, 23.3%, 6.4%, and 22.6 months for the 56 patients in the control group (p=0.045)). 101 patients had died at the time of censor, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates and median survival for all patients of 97.5%, 76.4%, 40.5% and 51.2 months (range, 10.0~72.0), respectively (98.3%, 78.0%, 43.6% and 52.6 months, for treatment and 96.7%, 74.7%, 37.4%, and 49.8 months, for controls, respectively (p=0.048)). Hepatectomy combined with 'Jianpi Huayu therapy' was effective in the treatment of HCC, and reduced post-operative recurrence and metastasis and improved DFS and OS of HCC patients.

Effect of enteral nutrition on liver function and inflammatory response after abdominal operation in patients complicated with liver dysfunction

To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) on liver function and inflammatory response after abdominal operation in patients with liver dysfunction. A prospective multicenter study was conducted. Patients requiring EN for at least 5 days after abdominal surgery with at least 1 abnormal liver function index were included. After operations, EN suspensions(TPF-FOS) were administered for 5 days after the return of bowel function with targeted content of 125.52 kJ(30 kcal)·kg(-1)·d(-1) maintained for a minimum of 3 days. Levels of serum pre-albumin, C-reaction protein(CRP), and liver function index were measured and the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) was recorded before operation and 6 days after EN. Occurrence of gastrointestinal discomfort was monitored during the treatment. No statistically significant difference was found in pre-albumin between preoperative level and post-EN level[(175.94±71.79) mg/L vs.(192.22±91.26) mg/L, P=0.162]. Patients with abnormal level of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were less after EN compared to the preoperative period(30 vs. 40, P=0.041), as was total bilirubin (3 vs. 9, P=0.034). No significant differences in other indices of liver function were found. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin decreased after EN support(P=0.000 and P=0.015, respectively). CRP was notably reduced after EN support [(48.74±65.16) mg/L vs.(25.79±23.63) mg/L, P=0.009] and the incidence of SIRS largely declined after EN support(19.0% vs. 10.3%, P=0.059). The incidence of gastrointestinal discomfort was 22.4% on postoperative day 1 and declined to 19.0% on postoperative day 5. For patients with liver dysfunction, enteral nutrition support with TPF-FOS after abdominal operation can reduce inflammatory response, improve liver function, and maintain serum protein level.

Effects of Qichu Fujin Recipe on regeneration and repair of injured sciatic nerve in rats

To explore the effects of Qichu Fujin Recipe (QCFJR), a compound traditional Chinese medicine, in repairing sciatic nerve injury in rats. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated group, mecobalamin group and QCFJR group. Except the normal control group, sciatic nerve injury was induced by crushing of left sciatic nerve. Rats in the mecobalamin group were intragastrically administered with mecobalamin solutions 150 microg/(kg x d), and rats in the QCFJR group were intragastrically administered with QCFJR 35.2 g/(kg x d), while rats in the untreated group were intragastrically administered with normal saline (0.5 mL/d), once a day for 4 weeks respectively. Sciatic function index (SFI) was determined by walking tract analysis 1 week and 2 and 4 weeks after crushing. Five rats in each group were sacrificed for histological observation at the different time points. The remnant rate of gastrocnemius wet weight and the diameter of gastrocnemius cells were calculated. Expression of S-100 protein in the distal stump of injured nerve was observed by using immunohistochemical method. Distal injured sciatic nerves were determined with toluidine blue staining and observed under a light microscope 1 week and 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Diameter of axon and depth of myelin sheath were calculated by an image analysis system. Ultrastructure of nerve fibers was determined with uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining and observed under an electron microscope. Compared with the normal control group, SFI, remnant rate of gastrocnemius wet weight, diameter of gastrocnemius cells, expression of S-100, diameter of axon and depth of myelin sheath in the mecobalamin group and the QCFJR group were significantly decreased at different time points (P<0.05), superior to those of the untreated group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Except the remnant rate of gastrocnemius wet weight and the diameter of gastrocnemius cells, there were no significant differences in other indexes between the mecobalamin group and the QCFJR group 1 week and 2 and 4 weeks after crushing (P>0.05). QCFJR can stimulate the regeneration and repair of nerve fiber and delay the skeletal muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Impaired subendocardial contractile myofiber function in asymptomatic aged humans, as detected using MRI

With aging, structural and functional changes occur in the myocardium without obvious impairment of systolic left ventricular (LV) function. Transmural differences in myocardial vulnerability for these changes may result in increase of transmural inhomogeneity in contractile myofiber function. Subendocardial fibrosis and impairment of subendocardial perfusion due to hypertension might change the transmural distribution of contractile myofiber function. The ratio of LV torsion to endocardial circumferential shortening (torsion-to-shortening ratio; TSR) during systole reflects the transmural distribution of contractile myofiber function. We investigated whether the transmural distribution of systolic contractile myofiber function changes with age. Magnetic resonance tissue tagging was performed to derive LV torsion and endocardial circumferential shortening. TSR was quantified in asymptomatic young [age 23.2 (SD 2.6) yr, n = 15] and aged volunteers [age 68.8 (SD 4.4) yr, n = 16]. TSR and its standard deviation were significantly elevated in the aged group [0.47 (SD 0.12) aged vs. 0.34 (SD 0.05) young; P = 0.0004]. In the aged group, blood pressure and the ratio of LV wall mass to end-diastolic volume were mildly elevated but could not be correlated to the increase in TSR. There were no significant differences in other indexes of systolic LV function such as end-systolic volume and ejection fraction. The elevated systolic TSR in the asymptomatic aged subjects suggests that aging is associated with local loss of contractile myofiber function in the subendocardium relative to the subepicardium potentially caused by subclinical pathological incidents.