Significant Differences In Recognition Research Articles

Recognition of the game situation in baseball.

This study examines baseball players' recognition framework of out, ball, and strike counts in baseball games and clarifies the differences in psychological perspectives between batters and pitchers. The participants were 396 players (294 batters and 102 pitchers) belonging to baseball clubs at eight universities. Participants answered 288 questions for all game situations by combining out, ball, and strike counts and runner position. The advantages for batters or pitchers were evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale (from very advantageous for batters to very advantageous for pitchers). Factor analysis indicated four significant factors (36 items): "Batter's advantage count," "Pitcher's advantage count," "2 out young count," and "0 out young count." In a direct comparison of these factors between batters and pitchers, batters were more aware of their advantage over pitchers in the factors "Batter's advantage count" and "0 out young count" and disadvantage in the "Pitcher's advantage count." Significant differences in recognition of these factors were observed between batters and pitchers. Batters were more susceptible to game situations than were pitchers. Our findings suggest that baseball players recognize several types of game situations, although not an infinite number.

Flipped classroom strategy in promoting critical thinking in social science

The research study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a flipped classroom strategy in enhancing the critical thinking skills of grade 12 humanities and social sciences students. Two approaches, pre-class and in-class activities were implemented with 80 students from Recto Memorial National High School. Overall, students had a positive perception of the flipped classroom strategy, and their performance in critical thinking tests was generally good. However, there were areas for improvement, particularly in inference and evaluation skills. The study found no significant difference in recognition and inferencing skills between the pre-class and in-class activities, but there was a significant difference in interpretation and evaluation skills. Recommendations were made for curriculum developers, supervisors, and administrators to enhance teaching methods through training and workshops, focusing on improving students' inference and evaluation skills. The adoption of the flipped classroom approach was encouraged, especially in social sciences, to make class discussions more engaging. Further research with a larger sample size or exploring different critical thinking subskills was suggested to provide more insight into the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach.

Effects of Augmented Reality based Dual-Task Proprioceptive Training on Postural Stability, Positioning Sensation and Cognition

This study compared augmented reality (AR)-based proprioception training to traditional therapy to determine if the two tasks together were effective in improving postural stability, proprioception, and cognition. Forty-five healthy adults in their 20s were randomized into three groups: AR-based DT, AR-based proprioceptive exercise, and therapist-supervised exercise. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to determine the within and between group effects, and the three groups were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc analysis. For postural stability, stability index and postural stability improved post-intervention in all groups (p<.05), with no differences between groups (p>.05). positioning sensation improved in all groups (p<.05), with no difference between groups (p>.05). Cognitive parameters showed significant differences in recognition and calculation in all groups after the intervention (p<.05), and no significant differences in ordering (p<.05). Thus, AR-based interventions have shown similar effects to therapists, improving cognitive performance on both tasks, and can be selected in some cases.

Mental health literacy of undergraduate radiography students in Zimbabwe

IntroductionL'évaluation de la connaissance de la santé mentale (CSM) des étudiants est cruciale pour comprendre les lacunes en matière de connaissances sur la santé mentale, la stigmatisation, les croyances erronées, les facteurs de risque et les comportements de recherche de traitement. L'objectif de cette étude était d'utiliser une échelle validée pour examiner la CSM des étudiants en radiographie dans un établissement d'enseignement supérieur à Harare, au Zimbabwe. MéthodologieUne enquête descriptive transversale a été menée pour évaluer la CSM des étudiants en radiographie dans un établissement tertiaire de Harare, au Zimbabwe, à l'aide d'une échelle CSM validée. Des tests t individuels et des analyses de variance (ANOVA) ont été effectués pour chaque variable afin d'examiner les différences entre les groupes censés différer dans leur CSM. RésultatsLe score moyen global de CSM était de 96,62 (écart-type 9,55), les étudiants étant moins bien informés sur les facteurs environnementaux, sociaux, familiaux ou biologiques qui augmentent le risque de développer une maladie mentale. Le sexe n'a pas eu d'effet statistiquement significatif sur le score global, t(83) = -0,81, p = 0,42 [M Hommes = 95,64, ET Hommes = 10,14; M Femmes = 97,35, ET Femmes = 9,12]. Cependant, il y avait une différence significative dans la connaissance de la phobie sociale en fonction du sexe, t(87) = -1,95, p = 0,05, les étudiantes (M = 3,33, ET = 0,62) obtenant un score plus élevé que les étudiants (M = 3,05, ET = 0,73). En ce qui concerne la reconnaissance des troubles de la personnalité, les étudiants ayant des antécédents de troubles mentaux ont obtenu des scores plus élevés (M = 3,5, ET = 0,53) que ceux qui n'avaient pas d'antécédents (M = 2,90, ET = 0,78). ConclusionLe programme d'études devrait être développé pour aider les étudiants en radiographie de premier cycle à être plus conscients de la santé mentale et à chercher du soutien.

Effect of cochlear implantation on speech recognition under different listening modes in children

Objective:To investigate speech recognition among children with a unilateral cochlear implant（CI）, bilateral CI, and bimodal hearing and identify the benefits of binaural hearing. Methods:A total of 67 children with severe sensorineural hearing loss who received bilateral CI, bimodal hearing, and unilateral CI from 2012 to 2021 were recruited, including 23 cases with unilateral CI, 25 cases of bimodal hearing, and 19 cases of bilateral CI. The aided hearing threshold at 250-4000 Hz and speech recognition performance of two-syllable words and short sentences in quiet and noisy environments were tested, respectively. Results:There was no significant difference in the hearing threshold results of the bilateral CI group, the bimodal hearing group, and the unilateral CI group by ANOVA（P>0.05）. According to the paired t-test within the group, the speech recognition of disyllabic words and short sentences in quiet and noisy environments were significantly different among the three groups（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the speech recognition rates of disyllabic words and short sentences among the three groups in a quiet environment（P>0.05）, but there was a statistically significant difference in a noisy environment（P<0.05）. Additional multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant difference in the recognition rates of disyllabic words and short sentences between the bimodal group and the bilateral CI group in quiet and noisy environments（β=-0.567, P>0.05; β=-0.643, P>0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in speech recognition of disyllabic words and short sentences between the bimodal group and the unilateral CI group in the noise environment（β=-0.124, P<0.05）, but the difference was not statistically significant in a quiet environment（β=-0.671, P>0.05）; there was a statistically significant difference in the recognition rate of disyllabic words and short sentences between the bilateral CI group and the unilateral CI group in the noise environment（β=-0.226, P<0.05）, but the difference was not statistically significant in a quiet environment（β=-0.341, P>0.05）. Conclusion:Clinicians and guardians are encouraged to provide the most comprehensive audiological evaluation for children with hearing loss. Bilateral CI and bimodal hearing have demonstrated enormous advantages over unilateral CI regarding speech recognition in noise. Bimodal hearing deems a strong recommendation if the contralateral ear has sufficient speech recognition capability. Bilateral CI should be warranted if hearing aids deemed to be ineffective.

Blood donation in China from 2017 to 2021: A cross-sectional study

Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine the essential demographic characteristics of blood donors in China from 2017 to 2021 and to analyze the impact of various factors on blood donation in China, including the blood donor’s attitudes towards family replacement/mutual blood donation (FRMBD) and the effects of policy changes on blood donation. Design: This study is a cross-sectional review comparing the demographic characteristics of blood donors from 2017 to 2021. Setting and participants: The study included 1164 participants who were randomly sampled across China. The data were collected by trained staff and entered into a standard electronic data framework. Results: The number of blood donations observed in China generally increased from 2017 to 2021. Among the 1164 respondents, 785 were non-blood donors and 379 were blood donors. Most people’s awareness of blood donation comes from organizations. Univariate analysis showed significant relationships between being a blood donor and being aged 30 or above ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), being a doctor ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), having Ph.D. degrees ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), or being familiar with blood donation policy ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). There was no significant difference in recognition between family FRMBD and voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRBD). The study also investigated the impact of canceling FRMBD blood donation policies on the selection of blood donation methods. The results showed that the percentage of VNRBD was 57% and 41% in 2017 and 2021, respectively. This indicates that canceling FRMBD policies will not affect people’s choice for blood donation methods. Conclusions: The results of the univariate analysis showed that people over 30 years of age, those with a Ph.D. or postgraduate degree, and those with knowledge of blood donation policies were more likely to be blood donors. People’s reasons for banning the abolition of FRMBD may be due to the fact that it may not be possible to achieve an adequate supply of blood only through VNRBD. Through comparing the data of 2017 and 2021, it is found that the cancellation of the FRMBD blood donation policy will not have an impact on people’s blood donation ways, and most people agree to cancel the FRMBD. Strengths and limitations of this study Strengths: This study analyzed factors related to decisions about blood donation in various regions of China. For the first time, we analyzed changes in perceptions of blood donation and donation rates before and after the abolition of FRMBD. • This survey did not record changes in the dynamics of the number of blood donations counted over consecutive years. • The individual donor factors such as gender and regional differences in blood donation awareness and facilities, which contribute to regional differences in people’s blood donation behavior, were not investigated.

관점 유형에 따른 일반아동의 그래픽 상징 인식 및 선호도

Background and Objectives: For successful communication, AAC users need graphic symbols that are easy to learn. This study aimed to find out how the point of view affects the recognition and preference of graphic symbols. Method: Participants in this study were 19 children aged 4-6 years who showed typical development. There were three research tests: a naming test, recognition test, and preference test for first and third person graphic symbols. After that, a dependent group t-test was conducted to investigate if there was a difference between perspective types. Results: There was no significant difference in the naming test and the preference test, but there was a significant difference in the graphic symbol recognition test. Conclusion: The study result showed a significant difference in recognition, but no significant difference in preference. Therefore, perspective is a variable that can affect graphic symbol recognition, but preference was interpreted as that perspective that does not affect preference because individual subjective opinions are included.

Grid Recognition among Radiological Technologists in South Korea

This research was to examine how radiological technologists use and perceive grids. The study entailed a survey of 201 radiological technologists working in Korean medical institutions (general and specialty hospitals and a clinic). Its aim was to improve their use of grids and to provide basic data about grids. A survey was conducted of 201 radiological technologists working in Korean medical institutions regarding the relationships between grid ratio and dose and between grid ratio and video quality as well as differences in video quality and in dose between mobile and fixed grids. There were also five questions on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. There were significant differences in recognition of adequate grid ratios and of the relationship between grid ratio and dose among radiological technologists working indifferent types of medical institutions (p<0.01) technologists at the clinic level showed the highest recognition that their currently installed grid ratios were adequate. There were also significant differences in recognizing the differences in video image and dose between mobile and fixed grids depending on the different types of medical institutions and differing work durations (p< 0.05). To improve image quality and reduce patients’ exposure doses, it is desirable that there be proper education on grids.

A Study on the Achievements and Tasks of Innovation Schools

이 연구는 혁신학교의 운영 성과를 실증적으로 분석하는 데 주된 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 G지역 초·중등학교에 근무하는 혁신학교 교사 188명과 일반학교 교사 128명에게 설문지를 통해 수집된 316부의 자료를 사용하여 빈도분석, t검증과 일원분산분석(F)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 혁신학교는 일반학교에 비해 교육과정 및 수업개선(혁신: M=3.72, 일반: M=3.53) (t=2.617, p<.05), 학교운영체제(혁신: M=3.98, 일반: M=3.64) (t=4.498, p<.01), 협력적 학교문화(혁신: M=4.02, 일반: M=3.74) (t=4.188, p<.01), 교사집단 효능감(혁신: M=4.08, 일반: M=3.91) (t=2.857, p<.01)에서 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 하지만 혁신학교(M=3.97)는 일반학교(M=3.91)에 비해 생활지도에 대한 인식 정도가 거의 유사하였으며 통계적으로 의미없는 것은 나타났다. 향후 과제는 홀리스틱 교육 관점에서 민주적 학교운영과 효율성 제고를 위한 토론 문화 정착과 구성원 간 학교 비전 및 철학의 공유·확산, 입시위주의 교육과정 한계 극복, 교육적 거버넌스 구축 등이 요구된다.This study analyzed the differences in the teachers between general and innovation school, to examine the achievements and tasks of innovation school. The research findings are summarized as follows: first, the degree of teacher’s cognition was above average in both innovate and general schools, but that of innovative schools was even higher than that of general schools: curriculum and instructional improvement, life guidance, school operating system, collaborative school culture, teacher’s group efficacy. Also there were statistically significant differences in recognition except for the life guidance domain. Finally innovative schools were more active in school change than general schools: democratic decision-making system, development of personal characters and potentials of students, student-centered events, etc. This study proposed to overall participations of students and parents, community in school change for the development and generalization of innovation school based on the perspective of holistic education

Identification of Artistically Gifted Children in Visual Arts Teaching/Identifikacija likovno nadarene djece u nastavi likovne kulture

AbstractThe aim of this research was to evaluate how teachers recognize younger pupils who are artistically gifted (in visual arts). The participants were 150 elementary school teachers (1st to 4th grade) from the Split-Dalmatia County and the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in Croatia. Their task was to answer the questions in the two-part questionnaire in a truthful manner.The results showed that the participants were much familiar with the characteristics by which they could recognize gifted children. There were also confirmed the statistically significant differences in identifying younger gifted pupils, regarding the teachers' work experience and level of education. The more educated and less experienced teachers were less successful in identifying gifted pupils than their more experienced, but less educated colleagues. No significant influence of the rural or urban background was noticed. We concluded that experience was a relevant factor in identifying gifted pupils.Key words: artistically gifted child; pupil; teacher; visual arts teaching.---Sažetak Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti koliko učitelji prepoznaju likovno nadarene učenike mlađe školske dobi. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 150 učitelja razredne nastave iz Splitsko-dalmatinske i Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije u Hrvatskoj. Zadatak učiteljica bio je iskreno odgovoriti na anketna pitanja vezana uz karakteristike likovno nadarenog djeteta. Rezultati su pokazali kako su učitelji upoznati s karakteristikama likovno nadarene djece. Također, utvrdili smo da postoji statistički značajna razlika u identificiranju likovno nadarenih učenika mlađe školske dobi s obzirom na trajanje radnog staža. Naime, mlađe sudionice s manje radnog iskustva slabije identificiraju likovno nadarene učenike od starijih učiteljica s više iskustva i manje obrazovanja. Nije uočen značajan utjecaj mjesta stanovanja u identificiranju likovno nadarenih učenika mlađe školske dobi. Zaključili smo da je iskustvo bitan faktor u identifikaciji likovno nadarenih učenika.Ključne riječi: likovno nadareno dijete; nastava likovne kulture; učitelj; učenik

The similarities and differences of mandarin open-set word recognition between cochlear implant children and normal hearing children

Objective:To evaluate the ability of open-set word recognition in cochlear implant (CI) children,and compare the similarities and difference of open-set word recognition between CI children and normal hearing(NH) children.Method:This study included 485 children with CI and 162 children with NH, who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test. The results for children at 1-8 years after receiving their CI were compared to those from the children with NH using analysis of variance.Result:There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups(P<0.05).For implantation before 2 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6-7 years,compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH(P>0.05).For implantation before 3 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8-9 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH,or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH(P>0.05).For implantation after 3 years, there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years,compared to 3-year-old children with NH(P<0.05).Conclusion:Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI.Chinese children with CI had delayed but similar development of recognition, compared to normal children. Early CI can shorten the gap between children with CI and normal children.

SLP의 전문성과 역량에 관한 인식 수준

The purpose of this study is to investigate professionalism and capabilities of speech language pathologists. To this end, this study intended to propose a fundamental research for preparing measures for establishing professionalism of speech language pathologists. This study investigated if there is difference in gender, age, marital status, with or without children, type of workers, position, service area, employment history, highest level of education, number of therapy targets, and office hours on 200 speech language pathologists using a questionnaire survey produced based on precedent studies. According to the research result, it was identified that there is a significant difference in recognition on whether personal variables of speech language pathologists make effect on professionalism. Secondly, it was identified that there is a significant difference in recognition on whether personal variables of speech language pathologists make effect on capability as well. To sum up, it has been verified that recognition on professionalism and capability of speech language pathologists get affected by gender, age, marital status, having children or not, type of worker, position, occupied location, employment history, highest level of education, number of therapist targets, and office hours.

Characteristics of Mandarin Open-set Word Recognition Development among Chinese Children with Cochlear Implants.

Background:Cochlear implants (CIs) can improve speech recognition for children with severe congenital hearing loss, and open-set word recognition is an important efficacy measure. This study examined Mandarin open-set word recognition development among Chinese children with CIs and normal hearing (NH).Methods:This study included 457 children with CIs and 131 children with NH, who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test. The results for children at 1–8 years after receiving their CIs were compared to those from the children with NH using linear regression analysis and analysis of variance.Results:Recognition of disyllabic easy words, disyllabic hard words, monosyllabic easy words, and monosyllabic hard words increased with time after CI implantation. Scores for cases with implantation before 3 years old were significantly better than those for implantation after 3 years old. There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups. For implantation before 2 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6–7 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation before 3 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8–9 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation after 3 years, there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH.Conclusions:Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI implantation, and the age at implantation had a significant effect on long-term speech recognition. Chinese children with CIs had delayed but similar development of recognition, compared to normal children. Early CI implantation can shorten the gap between children with CIs and normal children.

0798 MEMORY FOR NOCTURNAL AWAKENINGS: TIME COURSE AND AUTONOMIC AROUSAL

Memory is weaker for stimuli presented closer to sleep onset. Cortical arousal, which is greater in people with insomnia, is associated with less of this amnesia. This lower amnesia has in turn been suggested to explain sleep misperception in insomnia. Previous research has examined memory immediately prior to sleep onset and the influence of cortical arousal, primarily using daytime nap paradigms. The goal of this study was to explore the time course of memory across an awakening from nocturnal sleep and the influence of autonomic arousal. Forty healthy participants (mean age 20.28, SD=2.31; 65% female) completed one night of polysomnography. After five minutes of continuous N2 sleep in the third NREM period, participants were woken, kept awake for 15 minutes, and then allowed to return to sleep. Throughout this period of wakefulness, auditory word stimuli were presented every 30 seconds. In the morning, participants completed recognition testing. Stimuli were divided by which third of the awakening they were presented and recognition was compared. Greater autonomic arousal was operationalized as lower parasympathetic control of cardiac rate (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA), derived from electrocardiogram. There was a significant difference in recognition of stimuli by which third of the awakening they were presented, F(2, 117)= 30.25, p<.0001. Recognition for the first third (M=62%, SD=18%) was greater than the middle third (M=44% SD=21%), which in turn was greater than the final third (M=31%, SD=14%), Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparison p’s<.01. Recognition of stimuli presented during the final third was negatively correlated with RSA, r(40) = -.32, p<.05. Recognition of stimuli presented during the first and middle thirds were not associated with RSA, p’s>.4. Memory was strongest for stimuli presented in the first third of an awakening from sleep and weakest for stimuli presented in the final third, closest to sleep onset. This suggests that the effect of primacy, but not recency, holds for stimuli presented during awakenings from sleep. Lower autonomic arousal was associated with weaker memory, but only for stimuli presented during the final third of the awakening when recognition was lowest. University of Arizona GPSC grant RSRCH-512 FY’15.

Neonatal reflexes and behavior in hypertensive rats of ISIAH strain

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in humans, and there is a special concern on the consequences of maternal hypertensive conditions for the health of newborns. An inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) rat strain has been selected but only a few studies have addressed behavior in these rats. Body weight, neurodevelopmental reflexes, and neuronal density in the hippocampus were compared in ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats during their suckling period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), adult rat performance in the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were evaluated at the age of 12–14weeks old. Body weight in pups did not differ significantly during the suckling period, while adult ISIAH rats were heavier than age-matched WAG rats and possessed the increased SBP and DBP. ISIAH pups were developmentally more advanced than WAG as indicated by grasp reflex and negative geotaxis reaction scores. This was associated with higher neuronal density in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas in ISIAH pups on postnatal day 6 as compared to WAG rats. Adult ISIAH rats demonstrated an increased locomotor and exploratory activity in the OF and EPM tests as well as low levels of anxiety. The NOR test revealed no significant difference in recognition but confirmed higher exploratory activity in ISIAH rats compared to WAG rats. The results indicate that hypertensive ISIAH rats feature accelerated development during their suckling period, and as adults, they are more active and less anxious than normotensive WAG rats.

Comparative study on emotions analysis in students of psychology by gender

The purpose of this study relates to differences in recognizing basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, contempt, disgust, fear and surprise at students who are in training to become psychologists. The research is a comparative analysis of emotions. The participants are 34 boys and 34 girls, ranging the entire sample of psychology students. Data collection was performed by testing the subjects with Ekman micro expressions training software which refers to emotion recognition by specific facial expressions. Data were entered and processed with SPSS statistical program and to analyse the results we used t test. The results showed that there are significant differences in recognition and analysis of emotions between female and male students.

Effects of an acute bout of exercise on memory in 6th grade children.

Research supports the positive effects of exercise on cognitive performance by children. However, a limited number of studies have explored the effects specifically on memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an acute bout of exercise on learning, short-term memory, and long-term memory in a sample of children. Children were randomly assigned to an exercise condition or to a no-treatment control condition and then performed repeated trials on an auditory verbal learning task. In the exercise condition, participants performed the PACER task, an aerobic fitness assessment, in their physical education class before performing the memory task. In the control condition, participants performed the memory task at the beginning of their physical education class. Results showed that participants in the exercise condition demonstrated significantly better learning of the word lists and significantly better recall of the words after a brief delay. There were not significant differences in recognition of the words after an approximately 24-hr delay. These results provide evidence in a school setting that an acute bout of exercise provides benefits for verbal learning and long-term memory. Future research should be designed to identify the extent to which these findings translate to academic measures.

Speech Intelligibility Differences across Sound Classes with in-the-Ear and Free-Field Microphones in Quiet

Speech intelligibility performance with an in-the-ear microphone embedded in a custom-molded deep-insertion earplug was compared with results obtained using a free-field microphone. Intelligibility differences between microphones were further analyzed to assess whether reduced intelligibility was specific to certain sound classes. 36 participants completed the Modified Rhyme Test using recordings made with each microphone. While speech intelligibility for both microphones was highly accurate, intelligibility with the free-field microphone was significantly better than with the in-the-ear microphone. There were significant effects of place and manner of sound production. Significant differences in recognition among specific phonemes were also revealed. Implications included modifying the in-the-ear microphone to transmit more high frequency energy. Use of the in-the-ear microphone was limited by significant loss of high-frequency energy of the speech signal which resulted in reduced intelligibility for some sounds; however, the in-the-ear microphone is a promising technology for effective communication in military environments.

Abstract LB-104: Differences in repair of DNA cross-links between lymphocytes and tumor cells from colon cancer patients

Abstract The more common approach to comet assay studies with cancer patients involves indirect measurement of the effect of antineoplastic drug or radiation regimen by assessing DNA damage in surrogate cells, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients, to predict how tumor cells may be affected. The aim of the present study was to compare the capability of different cells isolated from a series of 23 colon cancer patients to repair the damage induced by a cancer drug. We adapted the in vitro comet repair assay for nucleotide excision repair to measure the ability of lymphocytes and normal and tumor epithelial colon cells to remove DNA cross-links induced by oxaliplatin. The excision repair rate was measured quantitatively by the tail parameters: tail DNA, tail length, extent tail moment, and olive tail moment. Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in recognition and excision activity between different cell types (P &amp;lt; 0.001) for all the comet parameters studied. Hence, colon cells showed higher recognition and excision activity than lymphocytes and tumor cells displayed the highest repair capability. We found no significant correlation between the repair activity of tumor colon cells and lymphocytes in any of the comet parameters considered. Our data support the view that lymphocyte repair activity is not predictive of the repair ability of the tumor and that lymphocytes cannot act as surrogate cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-104.

Oxytocin improves specific recognition of positive facial expressions

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is associated with increased trust. Perceptions of trustworthiness are associated with detection of positive facial affect, which suggests that oxytocin may enhance the recognition of positive facial affect. The present study tests this hypothesis. A double-blind, between-groups design was used, with 50 volunteers randomly assigned to receive intranasally administered oxytocin or placebo. Thirty-five minutes following the administration of oxytocin or placebo, participants identified anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise expressions that were morphed with neutral faces such that they varied from 10% to 100% intensity. Oxytocin significantly and specifically improved the recognition of happy facial expressions; no significant differences in recognition of other expression were found. The improvement was not associated with gender, response biases, or changes in mood, and it was most pronounced for subtle expressions. Acute oxytocin administration enhances healthy adults' ability to accurately identify positive emotional facial expressions. These findings reinforce oxytocin's role in facilitating affiliative interactions and have implications for the treatment of conditions that are marked by social affiliation deficits.