Significant Decrease In Albumin Research Articles

Extra virgin olive oil enhances the hepatic antioxidant defense and inhibits cytogenotoxic effects evoked by 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in mice.

This study was performed to assess the ability of the food genotoxicant 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to induce DNA damage and oxidative injuries in the liver of mice as a possible mechanism of toxic action and to evaluate the role of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in inhibiting these injuries. For this purpose, 80 mice were assigned into four equal groups of 20 mice each. Group 1 was kept as control and group 2 was given 5-HMF (250mg/kg bw) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection 3 times weekly for 4weeks. Group 3 received EVOO (300μl/kg bw) orally daily for 4weeks. Group 4 was co-treated with both 5-HMF (250mg/kg bw) with IP injection and EVOO (300μl/kg bw) orally 3 times weekly for 4weeks. IP injection of 5-HMF resulted in a significant decrease in albumin, globulin, and total protein contents and significant increases in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Administration of EVOO alone or with 5-HMF reduced the 5-HMF-induced alterations and restored the liver function biomarkers, antioxidant defense system, and histoarchitecture of the liver to normal values. EVOO also inhibited the genotoxic and apoptotic effects of 5-HMF suggesting that EVOO could provide liver protection through its powerful antioxidant and confirm its good nutriceutical and pharmacological properties.

Costus root aqueous extract modulates rat liver toxicity, DNA damage, injury, proliferation alterations induced by plant growth regulator Ethephon

Ethephon (Ethrel®) is an ethylene-based plant growth regulator that used in agriculture and it has direct and indirect effects on human health, direct effect via its inhalation during usage in agriculture and indirect effect through the diet (Fruits and vegetables) that is sprayed with it. The current study aimed to examine the possible modifying effects of costus (Saussurea lappa) root aqueous extract against Ethephon induced liver toxicity, injury, DNA fragmentation and PCNA alterations in male rats. Fifty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups (1st, control; 2nd, Costus; 3rd, Ethephon; 4th, Post treated Ethephon with costus; 5th, self-healing Ethephon). Current results revealed that; a significant increase in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver injury, DNA damage and PCNA expressions in Ethephon group when compared with control group. In contrast; a significant decrease in albumin and total proteins in Ethephon group when compared with control group. Treatment of rats with costus after Ethephon improved these alterations as compared with Ethephon self-healing. So, it could be concluded that costus root extract worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the hepatic toxicity induced by plant growth regulator Ethephon.

Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats

Although anabolic androgenic steroids like boldenone (BOL) may increase lean muscle mass, strength, and the ability to train longer and harder, the serious side effects of steroid are many and may not be reversible. So, the present study was designed to investigate the role of lycopene in improving the oxidative stress of boldenone in male albino rats. Twenty eight male adult rats were equally divided into four groups.1st group (control) that received olive oil once a week (5 mg/kg intramuscularly). 2nd group includes rats received lycopene daily (orally, 60mg/kg body weight). 3rd group includes animals that received intramuscular injections of boldenone once a week (5 mg/Kg body weight). 4th group was co-treated with boldenone and lycopene with the same previous doses of both, the experiment extended for 5 weeks. Intramuscular injection of rats with caused significant increase in total weight gain (TWG), serum total protein and globulin, malandialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total protein in skeletal muscle, when compared with the control group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in albumin, Albumin/Globulin (AG) ratio and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in boldenone group when compared with the control group. Also, the result of rats administered lycopene plus Boldenone (group4) showed marked improvement in all tested parameters, these findings may be attributed to that Lycopene has an effect on regulation of intracellular gap- junction communication, genes function regulation, modulation of various metabolic pathways of xenobiotic, hormone and immune modulation. These findings suggested that misuse of boldenone may contribute to a continuous tissue damage, so young people -especially- should be careful if they want to use boldenone to enhance their strength and endurance or if they want to use it in the farm animal as growth promoter. This showed that the desired dose of boldenone can safely be used with lycopene in improving the oxidative stress of boldenone.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil in fipronil induced oxidative stress in rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and inflammatory effect of flaxseed and fish oils in rats exposed to fipronil and bacterial wall containing lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Sixty rats were divided into four groups each of 15 one. Group 1 served as control. Group 2, administered fipronil at dose of 15 mg/kg b.wt. orally for 15 days followed by single injection of LPSs (2 × 106 CFU/ rat) intraperitonially at day 16th. Group 3, treated as group 2 plus administration of fish oil at dose of 270 mg/kg b.wt. orally daily all over the experimental period (30 days). Group 4, treated as group 2 plus administration of flaxseed oil at dose of 270 mg/kg b.wt. orally daily all over the experimental period. Serum was separated and used directly for determination of urea, creatinine, albumin, sodium, potassium, Tumor necrosis factor –alfa and Interleukin 1β. Kidney samples were taken for histopathological examination, Malondiadehyde (MDA), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results revealed that in group 2 there were significant elevations of urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in albumin, sodium, potassium, GPx and SOD compared with control group. Meanwhile, administration of flaxseed and fish oils resulted in significant decrease in urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β and significant increase in albumin, sodium, potassium, GPx and SOD compared with group 2. Therefore it's concluded that flaxseed and fish oils have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Effect of Anti Diuretic Hormon (ADH) in Kidney Function on Post Hemodialysis End Stage Renal Failure Disease (ESRD) Iraqi Patients

Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a patho-physiologic process with multiple etiologies, resulting in the inexorable attrition of Nephron number and function and frequently leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In turn, ESRD represents a clinical state or condition in which there has been an irreversible loss of endogenous renal function, of a degree sufficient to render the patient permanently dependent upon renal replacement therapy (dialysis of transplantation) in order to avoid life threatening uremia. The current study was applied on 80 patients, the age range within 25-70 years, selected sample of patients who attend Iraqi center of kidney dialysis, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Yarmok Teaching Hospital . All the patients body mass index [BMI] were measured. Serum anti diuretic hormone ADH was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent kit [Elisa], and urea, creatinine, albumin, hemoglobin were determined by spectrophotometer (PD-303), and sodium, potassium, chloride were determined by Electrolyte analyzer. The study patients were divided into two groups : GA include the healthy subjects as a control and GB include the post dialysis ESRD patients . The results showed a highly significant increase in ADH , Urea and Creatinine levels in GB when compared with the control and highly significant decrease in albumin and hemoglobin levels in GB when compared with the control. Non -significant decrease in sodium and potassium levels in GB when compared with the control, while highly significant increase in chloride level in GB when compared with the control.

Biochemical Studies of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP) as New Biomarkers in HCV - Chronic liver disease

The present study aimed to investigate serum levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) as new biomarkers in HCV Chronic liver disease. Patients and methods: The study included 35 patients suffering from Chronic liver disease attending at Gastro Entrology Surgical Center (GEC), Mansoura University from 2016 to 2017 and 25 healthy individuals (HI) used as control group ,the studied groups were categorized into 14 patients (9 men and 5women; mean age 53.34±9.46yrs) suffering from HCC associated with HCV infection, 11patients (9 men and 2 women; mean age 52.34±9.14yrs) suffering from LC associated with HCV infection and 10 patients (7 men and 3women; mean age 48.9 ± 12.4yrs) suffering from Chronic Hepatitis (CH). Sera of all individuals were examined for TNF-α, LDH, AFP, ALT, AST, Albumin, T.Bilirubin, GGT, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 . Results: The obtained results showed a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, total Bilirubin and GGT and significant decrease of Albumin in liver disease groups (I, II and III) compared with Group IV. Significant increase in serum MMP9, TIMP1 in groups (I, II and III) when compared with HI group (IV). Significant correlation was recorded between MMP9 and TIMP1 in one hand and between each one with AST, T. bilirubin and Albumin concentration. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, AFP were elevated significantly in HCC patients compared to LC and CH but the difference between LC and CH was elevated significantly only (p<0.0001) in TNF-α. Significant association was recorded between TNF-α, LDH, AFP, ALT and AST Conclusion: MMP9 and TIMP1 could be used as new biomarker for evaluating disease progression of HCV-chronic liver disease

Biochemical Study on Lymphocyte Cell Surface Antigen in Hepatitis C Infected Patients

The current study aimed at assessment of peripheral blood lymphocyte cells in hepatitis C patients compared to Healthy controls and evaluating the potential diagnostic role and relation to disease severity and complications. Patients and Methods: The present study included 27 hepatitis C patients and 27 healthy controls. Full history and clinical assessment of hepatitis C were performed for patients. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls for estimation of laboratory parameters (AST, ALT, T. Bilirubin, D. Bilirubin, PCR, CBC (WBCs, PLT, and HB), and T-cell activation marker (CD69). The flow- cytometer was used to measure CD69 %. Results: The results of this study revealed significant increase in AST, ALT. D. Bilirubin, and CD69%. In hepatitis C patients comparing with controls. In addition, hepatitis C patients had statistically significant decrease in Albumin and PLT count less than controls. No statistically significant decrease was detected in HB and WBCs count in hepatitis C patients comparing with healthy control. and no statistically significant increase in T. Bilirubin in hepatitis C group more than control was detected. Conclusion: The present study could suggest that CD69 cells are important determinants of immune status and prognosis in hepatitis C patients.

Protective effect of silymarin and ascorbic acid in valproic acid-induced hepatic toxicity in male albino Rats

Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, migraine and as a mood stabilizer in some psychiatric diseases. It has been condemned for causing hepatotoxicity. Oxidative stress and some metabolites of VPA have been proposed to be responsible for VPA induced hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted to assess the damage induced by toxic doses of valproic acid on rats' livers and to assess the protective role of silymarin and ascorbic acid in VPA induced hepatotoxicity. Forty-two male albino rats were divided equally into seven groups; group (1): normal control, group (2): ascorbic acid, group (3): silymarin, group (4): VPA, group (5): VPA+ascorbic acid, group (6): VPA + silymarin and group (7): VPA + ascorbic acid + silymarin. After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed and livers were collected for histopathologic examination and biochemical assessment. VPA group showed a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and a significant decrease in albumin and total protein. Liver malondialdehyde was significantly increased and antioxidant enzymes levels were significantly decreased. Liver sections showed loss of normal pattern of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, congested central vein and fatty infiltration. Each of ascorbic acid and silymarin partially improved some of the measured parameters. When they were combined together, they depict high improvement in most of measured parameters and showed near normal liver sections. This study concludes that combination of ascorbic acid and silymarin has synergistic antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against VPA induced toxic effects on liver.

Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration

The effects of repeated oral administration of clarithromycin (7.5 mg/Kg B.W., daily for 5 consecutive days) on blood parameters, clinico-chemical parameters and vital organ histology were evaluated in Ross broiler chickens. Twelve clinically healthy birds have been used in a parallel study design, where they have been randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received a dose of 7.5 mg clarithromycin/Kg as intracrop bolus daily for 5 consecutive days after 6 h fasting; while the 2nd group received iso-saline and was kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal vein punctures on the 5th day for clinico-chemical and haematological examinations; and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that repeated administration of clarithromycin caused significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT, CK, urea and creatinine levels, compared to those of control. Metabolic parameters exhibited significant decrease in albumin with consequent decrease in total protein and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Lipid parameters remained unchanged, compared to control. Leuckogram revealed that total leuckocytic count was decreased as a result of the decreased number of lymphocytes and mid-sized cells. On the other hand, granulocytes number exhibited significant increase (granulocytosis) together with increased number of platelets (thrombocytosis); while erythrogram remained insignifi-cantly affected. Liver and kidney showed inflammatory cellular infiltrations associated with degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Although heart did not show inflammatory cellular infiltrations, yet breakage in some bundles was noted. These data indicate that although clarithromycin did not cause any clinical serious manifestations on the treated birds, yet laboratory analysis revealed some adverse effects on some organs as liver, kidney and heart as well as alterations in some clinic-chemical and hematological parameters; these findings should be taken in consideration during therapy with clarithromycin.

Abstract 2095: Toxicity of selective allosteric FGFR2 inhibition in preclinical studies

Abstract Alofanib (RPT835, Ruspharmtech LLC) is a novel selective allosteric inhibitor binding to the extracellular domain of FGFR2. Alofanib had no direct effect on activation of FGFR1 and FGFR3 in vitro. Selective effect of the compound may reduce toxicity compared to multi-targeted VEGFR/FGFR or pan-FGFR inhibitors. This study characterizes the organ toxicity of alofanib in Sprague-Dawley rats and Chinchilla rabbits, and the reversibility of any treatment-induced effects. 240 rats and 30 rabbits received alofanib (0-40.5 and 0-21.6 mg/kg/day, respectively) intravenously on a consecutive daily dosing schedule for thirteen weeks. Clinical observations and laboratory parameters were recorded. Necropsy was conducted following treatment/recovery periods, and histologic examinations were performed. There was no treatment-related mortality, severe toxicity and significant changes in organs in the thirteen-week study. Alofanib was well-tolerated in vivo. Clinical signs of first injection (8.1 mg/kg) included moderate local irritative reaction and decreased activity during hour in rats. Clinical symptoms of toxicity were not observed over study. Animals were active. Body weight remained stable and it was comparable to vehicle groups. Abnormal electrocardiogram findings and blood pressure changes were not detected. It was notable that in the study, none of the hematologic changes was present at the end of the recovery period. Minimal significant decrease in ALT/AST, slight increase in alkaline phosphatase in male rats and mild increase in urea, decrease in chlorine in female rats were found throughout treatment period. Minimal significant decrease in albumin and chlorine was identified in rabbits. Rate of hyperphosphatemia, an on-target side-effect of pan-FGFR inhibitors, will be presented at the AACR Meeting. We conclude that toxicity of alofanib was mild in the thirteen-week study. Slight decrease of chlorine in blood was most common side effect. The final conclusion will be made after six-month study. This study was supported by a grant from the Skolkovo Foundation. Citation Format: Nataliya V. Lapina, Marina V. Melikhova, Olga A. Vakunenkova, Vadim A. Kashuro. Toxicity of selective allosteric FGFR2 inhibition in preclinical studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2095.

Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

Insecticides gained public reputation and widespread application to control the spread of different insects in various habitats. However, the deleterious effects of these chemicals could not be ignored and should be dealt seriously. The present work was conducted to test the efficacy of the natural plant ginseng in alleviating toxicity of chlorpyrifos. The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity and changes in some serum biochemical parameters. The liver of rats administered chlorpyrifos manifested cytoplasmic vacuolization, leucocytic infiltration, hemorrhage and remarkable dilatation of veins. The nuclear chromatin was condensed. There was a significant increase in alanin aminotransferase (ALT) while there was a significant decrease in albumin, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum of treated rats. Treating animals with ginseng was found in this study to alleviate hepatotoxicity and restore the levels of the tested serum parameters to nearly normal values.

The Determination of Oxidized Proteins and Albumin in Plasma of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: The study of oxidized proteins in blood of chronic kidney disease patients has been made without taking an initial clinical form of disease into account. The purpose of the research is to study oxidized proteins and albumin in blood plasma of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis as an initial clinical form of chronic kidney disease. Methods: Blood plasma taken from 132 patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease and degree of chronic renal failure has been used for investigation. Blood of 32 healthy donors has been used for control testing. In blood plasma, modified proteins (protein reactive carbonyl products, advanced oxidative protein products), and albumin have been estimated. Results: In blood plasma of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, as an initial clinical form of the chronic kidney disease, the significant increase in all types of oxidized proteins and significant decrease in albumin have been observed, comparing to the control samples. In blood plasma of patients with chronic pyelonephritis, as an initial clinical form of the chronic kidney disease, the significant increase in protein reactive carbonyl products has been observed comparing to the control samples only. Conclusions: the obtained results may unravel new targets for pharmacological intervention at an early stage of chronic kidney disease based on the initial clinical form of the disease

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY

Abstract Background: Cancer treatment itself and particularly chemotherapy seems to be an important nutritional risk factor. Early nutritional assessment can identify problems to help patients increase or maintain weight, improve their response to treatment, and reduce complications.This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 30 subjects between 30 and 70 years of age diagnosed with cancer of various sites and scheduled for first cycle of chemotherapy. Nutritional status of each subject was assessed based on nutritional parameters i.e. Anthropometric [BMI (body mass index), MAMC (mid-arm muscle circumference), TSF (triceps skinfold thickness)], MAC (mid-arm circumference) and Biochemical [(Hb and Albumin)] measurements before the initiation of chemotherapy, and follow-up assessment was performed on the third week after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results: In this study it has been found that 90% of subjects suffered from weight loss after the first cycle of chemotherapy (3wks post treatment). The't' test showed a significant decrease in TSF [t=5.4(p0.01)] and MAC [t=6.86 (p<0.01)] before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The't' test showed a decrease in MAMC, t=5.83(p<0.01) before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The mean serum Albumin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was 3.16±.50 g/dl and 3.07±.49 g/dl respectively. A significant decrease in albumin [t=4.17 at p<0.01 level] was observed in patients after chemotherapy. The mean haemoglobin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was10.64±1.88 g/dl and10.41 ± 1.89 g/dl respectively, which showed a significant decrease [(t=13.32 at p<0.01 level)]. Conclusion: The nutritional status assessment must be carried out on each patient at the beginning and during the treatment. The cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy are at risk of malnutrition.

Acute phase response in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis

The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of different positive and negative acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, albumin and paraoxonase-1) in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis at the time of diagnosis. 194 dogs were included in the study. All were evaluated for the presence or absence of D. immitis circulating antigens and for the presence or absence of microfilariae and a clinical examination was carried out. 38 dogs were negative and 156 dogs were positive for circulating D. immitis antigens. A significant increase in C-reactive protein and significant decreases in albumin and paraoxonase-1 activity were observed in positive dogs. These changes appeared with independence of the presence/absence of microfilariae or clinical signs. C-reactive protein was the only acute phase protein that showed significant differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs. Interestingly, the increases seen in C-reactive protein values were not accompanied by increases in haptoglobin, and haptoglobin even decreased in the dogs with microfilaria. This could be due to the hemolytic anemia which can be produced in dirofilariasis. In conclusion, there is an acute phase response (with increases in C-reactive protein and decreases in albumin and paraoxonase-1) and a divergence in the behaviour between C-reactive protein and haptoglobin in dogs with D. immitis.

The comparison of pathophysiological effects of the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants with metformin on some biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Studies show that the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants causes a significant decrease in glucose levels in diabetic animals. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants with metformin in improving diabetes complications on some biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. A total of 70 adult male Wistar rats were randomly treated in the following groups for 1 month (control group, diabetic, diabetic + extract of Trigonella (1.5 and 3 g/kg), diabetic the extract of Galega (1.5 and 3 g/kg), diabetic + metformin (250 mg/kg)). At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the rats were weighed and their blood glucoses were measured, and then the rats were bled to measure enzymes of ALT, HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), T.Billi, ALP, uric acid, creatinine, and ASt. After obtaining the serum, the values of the above parameters were measured and then the data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and Duncan’s statistical test. The results indicate a significant increase in blood glucose, TG, and BUN and a significant decrease in albumin and HDL in the diabetic group in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Also, the plant extracts and metformin caused a reduction in diabetes complications. The results of this study indicate that Trigonella plant with a dose of 1.5 g/kg of the body weight and metformin improve the diabetic complications on biochemical parameters better than does the Galega plant.

Zizyphus jujuba protects against ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Context. Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) has long been used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia in Chinese traditional medicine. The edible part is the fruit. Different parts of Z. jujuba possess medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antifertility.Objectives: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of Z. jujuba fruit aqueous extract (ZE) on nephrotoxicity induced by ibuprofen (IBP) in rats.Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as normal saline (control), ZE (500 mg/kg), IBP (400 mg/kg) and ZE + IBP-treated groups. After five days of oral administration, rats were sacrificed. The protective effect of ZE was evaluated by measuring kidney biomarkers, and histopathological changes of kidney were observed. Kidney antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidase were investigated.Results: Administration of IBP resulted in a significant increase in urea and creatinine (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in albumin and total protein (p < 0.05). Damage in glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules was observed. IBP also increased CAT (p < 0.05) and GST (p < 0.001) activities compared to the control group. Administration of ZE with IBP significantly decreased serum urea and creatinine (p < 0.05) and reduced the severity of kidney damage. There was also a significant increase in the activities of CAT (p < 0.05) and GST (p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusion: These results indicated that Z. jujuba aqueous extract could have a therapeutic role in reducing nephrotoxicity induced by ibuprofen.

ALTERATIONS IN TOTAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATION, SERUM PROTEIN FRACTIONS AND ALBUMIN/GLOBULIN RATIO IN HEALTHY RABBITS

This study assessed the effect of oral administration of Aloe vera and was to evaluate total serum protein, albumin and globulin concentrations as well as albumin / globulin (A / G) ratio. Twenty rabbits weighing 1000 – 1800 g were divided into 2 groups. Each group consisted of ten animals . One served as control and other group served as experimental group. R es ul t s show that animals after 07, 15 and 30 days dosing of Aloe vera showed highly significant decrease in t otal p rotein and globulin and highly significant decrease in A lbumin after 15 and 30 days of dosing of Aloe vera in comparison to control animals group. It is concluded that the long - term use of Aloe vera may cause hypoglobinemia and hypoalbuminemia at 30 days of dosing and it could be due to the liver disease s , evi dence of hepato toxicity induced Aloe vera also reported in previous studies .

Effect Of Aqueous Extract of Cola Nitida (Kola Nut) On Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Cola nitida (Kola nut) is a caffeine-containing nut native to tropical North African and cultivated extensively in the new world tropics. Several studies have reported its effects on body weight and reduction in body fat without undesirable side effect as well as on gastric secretion, but there is a dearth of information on its effect on blood chemistry. This study was designed to investigate the effect of its aqueous extract on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Aqueous extract of Cola nitida designated as AECON was prepared using cold maceration. The extract (25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW) was administered to the rats for 30 days for haematological and biochemical study. Distilled (0.5 ml) served as the control. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Total White Blood Cell (TWBC) counts were determined using haemocytometer. Differential leucocyte count was done using the Schilling method. Activities of plasma Alanine Aminotransferease (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) as well as total protein, creatinine and albumin levels were determined by spectrophotometry. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Treatment of rats with 25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW and 100 mg/kg BW of AECON caused significant increase in monocyte values relative to the control, while 100 mg/kg BW produced significant increase in eosinophil value relative to the control. In addition, 50 mg/kg BW of AECON caused significant decrease in albumin and total protein levels relation to their controls. These findings indicate that Cola nitida extract caused deleterious effect on the blood chemistry in

The Influence of Nutritional Assessment on the Outcome of Ostomy Takedown

PurposeOstomy takedown is often considered a simple procedure without intention; however, it is associated with significant morbidity. This study is designed to evaluate factors predicting postoperative complications in the ostomy takedown in view of metabolism and nutrition.MethodsA retrospective, institutional review-board-approved study was performed to identify all patients undergoing takedown of an ostomy from 2004 to 2010.ResultsOf all patients (150), 48 patients (32%; male, 31; female, 17) had complications. Takedown of an end-type ostomy showed a high complication rate; complications occurred in 55.9% of end-type ostomies and 15.7% of loop ostomies (P < 0.001). Severe adhesion was also related to a high rate of overall complication (41.3%) (P = 0.024). In preoperative work-up, ostomy type was not significantly associated with malnutrition status. However, postoperatively severe malnutrition level (albumin <2.8 mg/dL) was statistically significant in increasing the risk of complications (72.7%, P = 0.015). In particular, a significant postoperative decrease in albumin (>1.3 mg/dL) was associated with postoperative complications, particularly surgical site infection (SSI). Marked weight loss such as body mass index downgrading may be associated with the development of complications.ConclusionA temporary ostomy may not essentially result in severe malnutrition. However, a postoperative significant decrease in the albumin concentration is an independent risk factor for the development of SSI and complications.

Potential hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E and Nigella sativa oil on hepatotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to malathion in human and male albino rats

Malathion is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide and has a wide range of use in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and public health. Malathion and other OP insecticides produce hepatotoxic effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the hepatotoxicity induced by malathion on workers involved in the formulation of pesticides, chronically exposed to malathion, and in male albino rats orally administrated malathion. This study was conducted on both human and experimental animals, the human study was conducted on 30 control subjects working as administrators and 45 subjects working in formulation of pesticides and exposed to malathion (≥3 years), all were males with age ranges from 30 to 60 years. The 45 males working in pesticides formulation were classified into three groups; (1) 15 workers exposed to pesticides (2) 15 workers exposed to pesticides and received vitamin (E), in a dose of 10 mg kg−1 day−1 orally for 60 days, and (3) 15 workers exposed to pesticides and received 100 mg kg−1 day−1 of N. sativa oil for 60 days. The animal experiment was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats weighing 150–200 g. They were divided into four groups (10 rats in each group). First group served as the control group, the second group received malathion in a dose of 50 mg kg−1 orally per day for 60 days, the third group received malathion (in the same dose and route of administration) and vitamin E in a dose of 10 mg kg−1 day−1 orally for 60 days, and the fourth group received malathion (in the same dose and route of administration) and N. sativa oil in a dose of 100 mg kg−1 day−1 orally for 60 days. Liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP], albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, and total proteins), antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), and lipid peroxidation [MDA] were analyzed in both human and animal experiments. The results of both human and animal study revealed that, exposure to malathion produced significant increases in AST, ALT, and lipid peroxidation. There were significant decrease in albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, total protein, and antioxidant enzymes. There was no significant change in ALP. In addition exposed workers showed significant decreases in serum globulin. Nigella sativa oil or vitamin E administration showed significant improvement of liver function tests, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes impairment induced by malathion. Thus, dietary supplement, N. sativa oil, or vitamin E may represent a potential therapeutic agent in reducing malathion-induced hepatotoxicity.