Significant Decrease In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Combination versus monotherapy with statins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of high and very high cardiovascular risk

Aim. Comparison of the influence of mono- and combined lipid-lowering therapy on lipid profile and glycemia in patients with T2DM. Methods. A comparative assessment of lipid profile dynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes from the group of high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases depending on lipid-lowering therapy - atorvastatin in increasing doses (group 1), or by a combination of low doses of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe (group 2) was carried out. Results. It was found that at baseline comparable lipid metabolism in the study groups, after completion of therapy in both groups there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. In group 2 after completion of treatment triglyceride levels were significantly lower than in group 1. At the same time, after completion of hypolipidemic therapy course with atorvastatin, there was a significant increase in the level of both basal and postprandial glycemia, as well as glycated hemoglobin. In the group of combined therapy the level of postprandial glycemia and glycated hemoglobin after completion of the course of treatment was significantly lower than the baseline. As a result, by the end of 6 months of treatment in group 2 was significantly lower level of basal glycemia and glycated hemoglobin compared to group 1. Conclusion. Combined lipid-lowering therapy with rosuvastatin and ezetimibe is significantly more effective than monotherapy with atorvastatin. This is expressed in a more pronounced lipid-lowering effect of this combination on the background of almost neutral effect on carbohydrate metabolism. At the same time, there was a negative effect of atorvastatin therapy on carbohydrate metabolism. The results require further research to clarify the mechanisms of this effect.

In vivo Effects of Black and Green Tea on Serum Lipid Profile and Cardiac Function in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of black and green tea consumption on serum lipid profile and cardiac function in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats, average weight 125 g were sorted into four groups: A, B, C and D. Normal control group (A) were fed standard rat chow; the remaining three groups (B, C and D) received rat chow supplemented with 2% (w/w) cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. Group C and D were administered 40 mg/ml of black and green tea respectively while group B (hyperlipidemic control) were not treated. The feeding and tea administration lasted 6 weeks. Results: Significant reduction in body weight and heart weight index was recorded in rats administered black and green tea compared with the untreated group. Black and green tea consumption also caused significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ratio accompanied with elevated HDL-cholesterol compared to untreated group. Significant alterations in cardiac marker enzymes: creatine kinase (CK), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also observed in serum and heart homogenates of untreated hyperlipidemic rats which were normalized in rats administered the teas. These results are synonymous with decreased risk of atherosclerosis and protective potential on cardiac function by green and black tea. Conclusion: We conclude in this study that regular intake of black and green tea might be useful in treatment of obesity and prevention of cardiovascular complications arising from hyperlipidemia.

Clinical and metabolic response to soy administration in older women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThere are many studies on the health effects of soy, only a few describe the effects of the simultaneous use of two types of soy on multiple components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study was designed to determine the effects of roasted soy-nut and textured soy protein (TSP) intake on clinical and metabolic status of older women with MetS borderline parameters.MethodThis randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial included 75 women ≥ 60 years old with a diagnosis of MetS based on ATP III criteria. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups of 25 people; soy-nut, TSP and control groups for 12 week. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the trial to compare the metabolic responses. All participants provided three dietary records and physical activity records during the intervention. We used the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, ANOVA, ANCOVA, paired-t test, and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures analysis.ResultsDietary intake and physical activity of the participants in two groups were not significantly different. After 12 weeks of intervention the participants who received soy-nut had a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B100, fasting blood glucose, insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR, malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01) level. Morever, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.01) level compared with the control group. At the same time, the TSP brought significant decrease only in TC, insulin, MDA (p < 0.05) level and a significant increase in total TAC (p < 0.05) level. We did not find any significant effect in intervention groups, on apolipoprotein AI, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), TG/HDL, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels after intervention.ConclusionShort-term intakes of roasted soy-nut and TSP have shown to improve the lipid profiles, markers of glucose intolerance and oxidative stress; although the roasted soy-nut was more effective than TSP. Therefore, a moderate daily intake of roasted soy-nut as snacks or TSP as a meal complement by individuals with borderline parameters of MetS can be a safe and a practical modality to avoid the progression of the disease as well as to limit the side effects of drug intake.Trial registration MUBABOL.REC.1388.1

Effect of berries/apple mixed juice consumption on the positive modulation of human lipid profile

• Consumption of a 50/50% berries/apple juice helped to a positive modulation of lipid profile. • Ingestion of juice led to a reduction of the presence of atherogenic subfractions LDL 3–7. • Bioactive substances present in juice may act as potential non-pharmacological therapeutics of dyslipidemia. • Berries/apple juice contributes for a healthier life-style, possibly decreasing CVDs risk factors. The increased berries consumption is of importance for human health improvement, helping protecting against a number of diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed investigating the effect of berries/apple juice consumption on human lipid profile. Healthy volunteers (36 women and 14 men) were instructed to consume 300 mL/day of juice for 21 days. The consumption of juice resulted in a significant decrease of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (only for men group), and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total antioxidant status. Furthermore, atherogenic subfractions LDL3-7 in 5 women and 7 men at the baseline were found, reducing by 0.36 mmol/L (from 0.43 ± 0.19 to 0.06 ± 0.04 mmol/L) and 0.23 mmol/L (from 0.43 ± 0.19 to 0.20 ± 0.09 mmol/L) in the women's and men’s group, respectively. The regular intake of berries/apple juice can be an important strategy to reduce CVDs risk, by positive modulation of the lipid profile and other health attributes in adults.

Effects of Royal Jelly Administration on Lipid Profile, Satiety, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Capacity in Asymptomatic Overweight Adults.

Objectives Obesity and overweight are chronic disorders of multifactorial origin that are characterized by high oxidative status and by chronic activation of macrophages in peripheral tissues. Effective therapeutic approaches to lower inflammation and oxidative stress are currently of general interest. Royal jelly (RJ) is a functional food with a broad range of pharmacological activities, mainly used by healthy individuals or borderline patients to protect themselves against disease onset. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of RJ supplementation on metabolic profile and oxidative and inflammatory parameters in asymptomatic overweight adults, considered at an early stage of developing metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods The experimental group (n=30) was given RJ and the control group (n=30) was provided with a placebo for eight weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and inflammation were assessed at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of the intervention, and after additional 2 weeks of follow up. Results and Conclusion Compared with the placebo, RJ supplementation demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol (6.7%; p=0.041) and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (19%; p=0.027), whereas significant increases were observed in anti-inflammatory marker adiponectin (34%; p=0.011), endogenous antioxidants bilirubin (35%; p=0.002) and uric acid (5%; p=0.018), total antioxidant capacity in serum (54%; p=0.005), and leptin (17%; p=0.025). The present study demonstrated positive effects of RJ administration on lipid profile, satiety, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity in overweight adults. Therefore, our study supports the benefits of RJ supplementation for the improvement of human health.

The role of plant stanols in the primary prevention of hypercholesterolemia in patients with arterial hypertension

Aim.To assess the efficacy and safety of plant stanols in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and disorders of lipid metabolism, without clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.Material and methods.The study included 40 patients — men at the age of 50-55 years, with AH (stage 1) and cholesterol above 5,0 mmol/l and LDL cholesterol above 3,0 mmol/l with low and medium risk (SCORE — 1-4%). Patients with coronary artery disease and other clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, secondary hypertension, liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, secondary dyslipoproteinemia, cardiovascular diseases requiring constant therapy, bronchial asthma were excluded from the study. Patients were randomized into 2 groups of 20 people. In the study group of patients within 3 months received plant stanols (2 tab./day), in the control group — only healthy diet. In addition, patients with high blood pressure received antihypertensive therapy. Assessment of lipid parameters (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) was performed at baseline and after 3 months. At the beginning of the study, after 3 months of the study patients underwent a full medical examination. Safety control of plant stanols was carried out by determination of liver enzymes (aspartic transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT)), before and after the completion of the study.Results.Patients of two groups were comparable in baseline characteristics (lipid parameters, blood pressure level). After 3 months of research beginning patients from study group have statistically significant decrease of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The average level of total cholesterol before treatment was 5,8±0,32 mmol/l, and after treatment — 5,3±0,32 mmol/l, p&lt;0,001. The average level of LDL cholesterol before treatment was 3,6±0,26 mmol/l, and after treatment — 3,3±0,25 mmol/l, p&lt;0,001. According to other lipid parameters (HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) significant differences are not obtained. As a result, there was a significant reduction in the total risk from 4% to 3,1%. As for the control group, the dynamics of lipid parameters were practically not observed. For example, the average level of total cholesterol before treatment was 5,7±0,39 mmol/l, and after treatment — 5,6±0,42 mmol/l. The average level of LDL cholesterol before treatment was 3,6±0,21 mmol/l, and after treatment — 3,6±0,21 mmol/l. The differences between the study and control groups in the reduction of total and LDL cholesterol were highly significant (p&lt;0,001). The study did not reveal the dynamics of liver enzymes. The level of AST before treatment in the study group was 28,4±6,54, and after treatment — 29,5±5,56. ALT levels were 32,3±7,38 and 33,9±5,65, before and after the study, respectively.Conclusion.The study shows the high efficacy and safety of plant stanols. We found a significant decrease of the two most important parameters of lipid metabolism — total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

Preventive effect of phytic acid against lead toxicity in growing rats: biochemical assays and measuring of blood and brain lead levels

Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate; IP6) is a natural plant antioxidant, it is found in most grain and legumes. Although much attention has been focused on the preventive effect during critical periods of development in lead poi-soned rats. Phytic acid (1%) was administered to Wistar rats during the ges-tation period and then exposed them to lead acetate (0.2%) during the lacta-tion period. We observed a decrease in body weight in the lead intoxicated group. Phytic acid treatment reduces blood lead levels and brain lead (P&lt;0.001) compared to untreated poisoned rats. The group exposed to lead and not treated with IP6 showed an increase in liver enzyme activity (ALAT, ASAT and PAL) and electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, Cl¯). While the values of fere-mia and calcium levels decreased compared to those of control rats, batches treated with IP6 showed a significant increase in serum iron and calcium levels, whereas the value of serum Mg+2 was unchanged compared to that of the intoxicated batch. Similarly, the values of urea, creatinine and uric acid rise significantly in poisoned animals that receive only lead. Preventive treat-ment with IP6 showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglyc-erides (P&lt;0.001) compared to the intoxicated lot. IP6 provides a protection against lead-induced disturbances.

Interactive Effect of Probiotics Supplementation and Weight Loss Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Features in Patients With Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background. Nutrition and probiotics supplementation are considered as nondrug strategies for the control of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactive effects of probiotic supplementation and weight loss program on anthropometric and metabolic syndrome (MetS) indices in patients with CAD. Methods. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 44 overweight CAD patients. All the patients received weight loss program (5% to 10% of initial body weight) throughout the study course. The subjects were randomly assigned into intervention or placebo groups (n = 22, each) and received a probiotic or maltodextrin capsule/day, respectively, for 12 consecutive weeks. Anthropometric and MetS indices were assessed. Results. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (-30.7 ± 49.83 vs -5.9 ± 65 mmol/L, P = .043) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-25.64 ± 51.7 vs -5.44 ± 70.1 mg/dL, P = .049) in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Other MetS feature indices and blood pressure did not differ significantly within or between groups. Conclusion. Probiotics supplementation improved total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but had no effect on other lipid profile parameters and anthropometric indices. The weight loss diet plus probiotics supplementations resulted in more favorable decrease of cardiovascular risk factors compared to a weight loss program alone.

Comparación del efecto hipolipemiante de la emulsión de aceite de Sacha Inchi/galactoma- nanos con la Simvastatina en diabéticos tipo 2 con dislipoproteinemia

Objetivos: Comparar el efecto hipolipemiante de la emulsión de aceite de Sacha Inchi/galactomananos (ESI) con la Simvastatina (SVT) en diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) con dislipoproteinemia. Metodología: Estudio experimental, doble ciego, aleatorio, con grupo control. Después de la firma del consentimiento informado, ingresaron al estudio 41 pacientes diabéticos con dislipoproteinemia, de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70 años de edad. El grupo 1 recibió SVT 20 mg + emulsión placebo (n=20), el grupo 2 recibió 10 ml de ESI (emulsión de aceite de sacha inchi, variedad Plukenetia huayllabambana con 2g de ácidos grasos omega-3 y 0.03 g de galactomananos proveniente de goma de Tara, Caesalpinia spinosa ) + 1 comprimido placebo (n=21) durante 4 meses. En ayunas se midió en sangre el colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL (cHDL), triglicéridos (Tg), glucosa (G), hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), creatinina, transaminasas, TSH por métodos enzimáticos convencionales, insulina (I) por inmunoluminiscencia, al inicio y cada mes durante 4 meses; las fracciones VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y el coeficiente HOMA fueron calculados. Los cálculos estadísticos mediante paquete estadístico SPSS.23. Resultados: Hubo disminución significativa de CT, Tg, VLDL LDL y colesterol No-HDL e incremento de HDL en ambos grupos. La glucosa se incrementó en 32,7% con la SVT y disminuyó en 13% con ESI p&lt;0,015, no hubo cambios significativos en la HbA1c. La reducción de Tg y VLDL e incremento de HDL fue similar en ambos grupo. La reducción de CT, LDL y cNoHDL fue significativamente mayor con la SVT que con la ESI. Conclusiones: La emulsión aceite de Sacha Inchi/galactomananos disminuyó los Tg y VLDL e incrementó el HDL en igual proporción que la SVT, por lo que constituye una buena alternativa para el tratamiento de la dislipoproteinemia de la DM2.

Cynanchum wilfordii Etanolic Extract Controls Blood Cholesterol: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial.

We evaluated the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) ethanolic extract on blood cholesterol levels in adults with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial, 84 subjects were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with a low-dose (300 mg/d) or high-dose (600 mg/d) of CW. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) and triglycerides (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the low-dose CW group than in the placebo group after 8 weeks. In a subgroup of participants with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL (n = 33), there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (low-dose, p = 0.012; high-dose, p = 0.021), apolipoprotein B (low-dose, p = 0.022; high-dose, p = 0.016), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (low-dose, p = 0.037; high-dose, p = 0.016) after 8 weeks of CW. The correlation between changes in total cholesterol and baseline LDL-C levels was significant in the groups that received both doses of CW (low-dose, p = 0.010; high-dose, p = 0.015). These results show that the CW ethanolic extract can regulate blood cholesterol in subjects with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL.

The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Serum Lipids

Background:morbid obesity is a growing health problem in the modern world and affects almost 20% of the population. Obesity associates with increased morbidity and mortality, one of which is dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery is the only known method to induce significant weight loss and prevent its regain in morbidly obese patients. Aim of the work: the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on serum lipids (Cholesterol - TG - LDL - HDL) and analysis of these data and compare with other results from different centers, institutes all over the world. Methods: our study was a retrospective study on 20 patients hospitalized in General Surgery department of Al-zhraa University hospital who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in order to treat morbid obesity from August 2018 to February 2019. Results: In our study 3 month after LSG we observed significant changes in lipid profile parameters including significant decrease in total cholesterol, TG, LDL and significant increase in HDL. Conclusion: our retrospective study shows that LSG is very good bariatric procedure with excellent results on short term follow up regarding body weight reduction, BMI. Three months after operation improve metabolism and lipid profile was accompanied by decrease in Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and increase in HDL cholesterol change in significant way

Centre-based Evaluation of Some Biochemical Effects of the Initial Phase of Anti-tuberculosis Therapy in Bayelsa State

Aim of the Study: This study aimed at evaluating the adverse drug effects on some biochemical parameters of anti-tuberculosis drugs among patients with primary tuberculosis infection.&#x0D; Study Design: Non-probability (purposive) sampling technique was employed in this study. &#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Chest Clinic unit of the Tuberculosis and Leprosy referral Hospital, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study was conducted from July, 2017 to April, 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Tuberculosis patients were selected using standard methods for clinical diagnosis and confirmed by laboratory analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using acid fast bacilli as preliminary and Gene-Xpert® as confirmatory test. A total of 44 tuberculosis patients met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed the study at the Tuberculosis and Leprosy Referral Hospital Yenegoa, Bayelsa State. Eligible patients were administered with appropriate daily dose of (rifampicin-150 mg, isoniazid-75 mg, pyrazinamide-400mg and ethambutol-275 mg) single drug combination for two months based on bodyweight. Blood was collected and evaluated for liver enzymes, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST); Total proteins, Bilirubin and Cholesterol at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Data were descriptively analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 21).&#x0D; Results: Treatment in the intensive therapy phase resulted in significant increase of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (P=0.5). There was also significant decrease in total cholesterol and albumin (P=0.5). There were no significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and total bilirubin.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study results showed changes in some biochemical parameters but were not severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy.

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potentials in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Aim: This study was targeted at valuing a claim by traditional herbal practitioners that the leaf of Eriosema psoraleoides possesses a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property by assessing the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Methodology: Thirty male albino rats weighing 180-220 g were divided into 5 experimental groups of six rats each; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with glibenclamide and diabetic treated with Eriosema psoraleoides. Diabetes was induced by 130 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of alloxan monohydrates. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline while the diabetic treated groups were administered with 0.3 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide, and 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides respectively. The experiment period was 7 days, with the determination of their glucose level and body weight every two days. At the end of the experimental period, the animal’s blood samples were taken from the animals for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests.&#x0D; Results: The results of the study show a significant reduction in blood glucose. The result also showed that in diabetic rats, body weight was decreased but the application of the extract increased (P&lt;0.05, n=6). Similarly, the result showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic group when compared with the control, glibenclamide and extract treated diabetic groups (with the highest performance at 400 mg/kg). Also, Eriosema psoraleoides aqueous leaf extract treated diabetic rat’s shows a significant increase in HDL levels compared to the diabetic control.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study indicates that Eriosema psoraleoides possess hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic potentials.

Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure alters cholesterol biosynthesis with implications for developmental cardiotoxicity in larval mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)

During the spring and summer of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil well released over three million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As the oil dispersed it contaminated ecosystems that support numerous Gulf species including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). The timing of the spill, and location of the surface slick, coincided with the spawning of many species in the region, raising concerns over embryonic and larval exposure. Numerous abnormalities due to crude oil exposure have been documented in fish early life stages, including cardiotoxicity; however, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that cause these phenotypes is still limited. Several transcriptomic studies have presented cholesterol biosynthesis as one of the top enriched pathways following PAH exposure. In this study we exposed mahi-mahi embryos to DWH oil collected from the surface slick. At exposures ranging from ∑PAH 1.69 μg/L to ∑PAH 5.99 μg/L, the resulting larvae demonstrated significant increases in farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (fdft1) and an upward trend in 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (hmgcr) expression, genes that encode key enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. In addition to the increased expression of genes in cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in larval homogenates, at ∑PAH 8.3 μg/L. These data confirm earlier transcriptomic studies and show that oil may diminish cholesterol and adversely impact numerous cellular functions due to altered membrane stability.

Changes of body composition, physical fitness, and blood variables according to the short-term weight reduction in college ssireum athletes.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of short-term weight loss on body shape, physical fitness, and blood variables in college ssireum (one of the Korean traditional martial art) athletes. Six college ssireum athletes participated as subjects. The weight loss program includes 50% of limited diet, 5.5 hr of physical and skill training. Body composition such as weight, body fat, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI) was determined. Fitness test such as shuttle run, sit-up, trunk extension test, grip test, sitting reach test, and side step test was measured. Blood variables such as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were checked before and after the short-term weight reduction. The results revealed significant decrease in body composition such as weight, body fat, muscle mass, and BMI. Fitness test also showed significant decrease in sit-up, trunk extension test, and grip test. The results demonstrated positive significant change in side step test, shuttle run, and sitting reach test. The results of blood variables showed significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, glucose and SOD. In contrast, MDA revealed significant increase and no significant change was found in ROS. Finally, it is assumed that a proposal of weight loss without decrease of muscle mass, muscle force, and muscle endurance is necessary because of the negative effects on muscle force and muscle endurance which should be used during actual games.

Effect of high fat ketogenic diet on some cardiovascular and renal parameters in Wistar albino rats

Ketogenic diet is used in weight control. This study aimed at determining the effect of the consumption of this high fat, low carbohydrate diet on plasma viscosity, lipid profile, serum and urine creatinine, urea, electrolytes and urinary pH. Forty Wistar rats grouped into experimental (A) and control groups (B) were used. Experimental group was fed with 65% fatty diet; control group was fed with normal rat chow for eight weeks. Fasting samples were collected at the end of the study for analysis. Biochemical analyses were done using spectrophotometric method, electrolytes were assayed by the ion electrode selective method, plasma viscosity was analysed using the Reid and Ugwu method and urinalysis strip was used to measure urinary pH. A significant increase in serum (0.866±0.031) and urinary (5.470±0.424) creatinine urinary sodium (147.3±23.60), chloride (136.0±23.90), bicarbonate (1570±1065) and pH (7.60±1.63) were observed in the experimental group when compared with serum values of control group (0.6600±0.060) and urinary (1.700±0.230) creatinine, sodium (35.60±18.92), chloride (30±17.05), bicarbonate (800±184.4) and pH (6.8±0.3). A significant decrease in total cholesterol (95.60±2.64) and LDL Cholesterol (43.60±2.16) concentrations were observed in the experimental group when compared with the control group, total cholesterol (132.8±10.7) and LDL Cholesterol (69.00±10.80). This study also showed a significant increase in weight of control groups (initial weight (g) 135.2±5.115, final weight, 151.2±38.3) while there was no significant increase in weight of the experimental group (Initial weight 170.6±11.95, final weight170.6±11.21). There was no significant difference in the other parameters when both groups were compared. These findings have clearly shown that intake of high fat ketogenic diet is not harmful to the heart, however the increase in serum creatinine in the experimental group could be as a result of the effect of the diet on the kidney or it could be due to muscle wastage which might be responsible for maintenance of their body weight. Increased urinary sodium excretion could lead to increased loss of fluid which can also give an impression of weight loss. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ketogenic diet, Cardiovascular, Renal, plasma viscosity, lipid profile, electrolytes

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Costus speciosus against atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits

ObjectiveAn extract of Costus speciosus (CSE), a herb widely used in folk medicine, was evaluated for its antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and ameliorating effects on histopathological changes in atherogenic rabbits. MethodsTwenty-four male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into 4 groups. Three groups were fed a diet containing 3% saturated fat and 1.3% cholesterol for 40 d. One of these was sacrificed on the 40th day and was called the pathogenic (P) group; the other two groups received treatment for another 30 d as follows: one received 0.8 g/(kg·d) of CSE and the other was given 0.01 g/(kg·d) of simvastatin. The normal group was sacrificed on the 70th day and used as a control. ResultsCSE showed radical-scavenging ability. Administration of CSE for a 30-day period resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein and aspartate aminotransferase compared to the P group, while levels of hemoglobin, packed corpuscular volume and red blood cells were elevated. With respect to studies performed on the heart, a decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in reduced glutathione were noted. Total protein increased in the liver, heart and aorta after treatment with CSE and also a marked improvement in histopathological parameters was demonstrated. ConclusionThe present findings indicate that the C. speciosus rhizome possesses antiatherogenic and antioxidant properties which may provide protective effects against oxidative stress in atherosclerotic rabbits.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial

Background and objectivesThis study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile among metabolic syndrome patients. Materials and methodsIn a parallel randomized placebo controlled trial, 70 metabolic syndrome patients, were randomly assigned into three groups. Biochemical tests were assessed as baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. ResultsThe mean vitamin D levels was increased significantly in both vitamin D and vitamin D plus physical activity groups (P value < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the placebo group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C in vitamin D plus physical activity group (P value < 0.05). No significant differences in changes of triglycerides and HDL-C among the three groups (P value > 0.05). While, in vitamin D group a decreased in total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and increase in triglycerides were observed, but did not reach a statistically significant. ConclusionDaily supplementation of vitamin D for 12 weeks, along with moderate endurance physical activity, significantly increase vitamin D concentration and induce a significant reduction in lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients.

Determinants of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Components in a 12-Year Cohort of Iranian Adults.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been increasing globally; therefore, there is a need for better understanding of MetS components and their risk factors, as well as their development and changes over time. This study was designed to identify the determinants of the changes in the components of MetS in a cohort of Iranian adults from 2001 to 2013. A total of 6504 adults, ≥35 years of age, were recruited from central Iran in 2001and were followed up in an ongoing longitudinal population-based study for 12 years. Of the total, 3356 subjects were followed between 2001 and 2007 and 1385 subjects were followed between 2001 and 2013. MetS components and its risk factors were measured by standard methods in 2001, 2007, and 2013. Mean changes in the MetS components from 2001 to 2013 were assessed using the Generalized Estimating Equations test with three time points. Multivariate linear regression model was applied to examine the association between socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and changes in MetS components. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine various factors associated with the development of abnormality of MetS components. Examining the biochemical and anthropometric characteristics of individuals from 2001 to 2013 revealed a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, waist circumference, and body mass index, and a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and physical activity levels. Results also indicated that age, gender, marital status, education levels, and area of residence were significantly associated with the changes in MetS components. This study concluded that baseline sociodemographic characteristics are important in determining changes of MetS components.

Effect of torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) on blood pressure in women with hypercholesterolemia

Torbangun is known for medicinal properties, as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglicemic. We investigate the effect of a phenolic-rich Torbangun leaf aqueous extract on women with hypercholesterolemia. The first step of this study was analyzed bioactive compound of Torbangun aqueous extract. The next step was administered orally of Torbangun extract to control and women with hypercholesterolemia for 30 days, 30 subjects placed in two groups, viz, experimental (CC group) and placebo (PC group). The first group received one capsule of CC (contains 500 mg extract) while the second group received one capsule of the PC (comprised of 500 mg fillers) one times daily for both groups. Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured in the first and the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test with 95% significance level. The results show that there was a significant decrease in TC on day 30, compared to control (PC group), and not significant for BMI. In CC group, the capsules significant reduction in TC levels (p = 0.000). Studies clearly demonstrated that Torbangun extract possesses antihypercholesterolemic activity in women with hypercholesterolemia. Based on the results of this study Torbangun extract reduced BMI but has not antihypertensive property.