Significant Decrease In Hemoglobin Research Articles

Outcomes of Microwave Ablation for Small Renal Masses: A Single Center Experience.

Purpose: To investigate the safety of microwave ablation (MWA) as an emerging technology for treating small renal masses. Materials and Methods: Patients with renal masses treated at a high-volume center with MWA between March 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively identified. Safety, changes in renal function, primary treatment efficacy, and the natural history of imaging characteristics of masses postablation were examined. Results: Forty-five patients underwent MWA during the study period. Median age was 71 years (range 31-87). Median RENAL nephrometry score was 6 (range 4-9) with mean tumor size 2.6 ± 0.7 cm. Thirty-three percent of tumors were within 4 mm of the collecting system. Median total microwave energy applied was 400 W (range 105-2600 W). There was no significant change in creatinine (p = 0.21) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p = 0.09) from preoperative to postoperative day 1 (POD#1) levels. There was a statistically but not clinically significant decrease in hemoglobin from preoperative to POD#1 levels (estimated -0.06 from 7 days before procedure to POD#1, p = 0.02). There was no durable change in creatinine (p = 0.16) or GFR (p = 0.72) at median follow-up of 7.5 months. There were 4 (9%) complications: three Clavien grade 1 and one Clavien grade 3 that led to loss of the kidney. Tumor size decreased postoperatively by an estimated -0.03 cm/month (range 0-1.9 cm, p < 0.01). Initial technical success was 100%. Primary treatment efficacy was 94%. Conclusion: MWA shows promise as an alternative thermal ablative technique with excellent short-term outcomes.

Comparative Analysis of Haematinic Effect of Dhatryarista with Standard Ferrous Sulphate in Tannic Acid Induced Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Albino Wistar Rats

Background: Iron deficiency anemia affects more than 1.2 billions individuals worldwide.Iron deficiency is caused by physiologically increased iron requirements in children, adolescents, young and pregnant women, by reduced iron intake, or by pathological defective absorption or chronic blood loss.Treatment modalities include both oral and parenteral therapies.Objectives:a)To study the improvement in haemoglobin after giving dhatryarista in IDA.b) To compare the effect of Dhatryarista (in different concentrations) with standard oral formulation Ferrous sulphate in terms of haemoglobin.Materials and methods:The study was conducted for the period of two months in department of Pharmacology KIMS,bhubaneswar. Total 24 Albino wistar rats were taken and divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each.Anaemia was induced by adding tannic acid in diet of 24 rats by 21days.After induction of anaemia, Group II, Group III and Group IV rats were given standard drug(Ferrous sulphate),Dhatryarista sample 1 and Dhatryarista sample 2 respectively, alongwith normal diet for next 30 days. Blood samples were taken in day 1, day 21 and day 53.Results:All the values are expressed as a Mean±SEM(standard error of mean).Significant decrease in haemoglobin were observed, when compared between day 1 and day 21,while significant increase in haemoglobin was observed after 30 days of administration of test and standard drug.Conclusion:The administration of tannic acid to rats caused anaemia characterized by reducing hematological parameters.The oral administration of Dhatryarista in the dose of 4.32ml/kg/day P.O and 8.64ml/kg/day P.O significantly increased haemoglobin level.The results demonstrated that higher doses of the plant extract didnot show any signs of acute toxicity in animals.

General and reproductive health outcomes among female greenhouse workers: a comparative study

BackgroundAgricultural activities as well as exposure to pesticides could have many adverse effects on health status and reproductive outcomes especially in reproductive aged greenhouse workers. The present study aimed to compare the general and reproductive health outcomes between female greenhouse workers and housewives.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 645 females of reproductive age. They were categorized into two groups according to occupation in greenhouse (308 female greenhouse workers as exposed group and 337 housewives as control group). Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire about reproductive outcomes and occupational status. Clinical measures include blood pressure (BP), pulse and respiratory rate (PR and RR), body mass index (BMI) and hematological parameters. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences between two groups in quantitative variables. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests was used to determine the differences in the distribution of categorical variables. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.ResultsThe average daily working hours of the greenhouse workers were 6.94 ± 1.99 h. Only 44.3% of them used personal protective equipment. Data revealed that the rate of spontaneous abortion, infertility, low birth weight (LBW), abnormal births and preterm birth were significantly higher among the greenhouse workers compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). The average number of female infants in greenhouse workers was significantly higher than the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Clinical measurements indicated an increase in RR of greenhouse workers and mean of BMI was decreased in them. Hematological parameters demonstrated that there was a significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) and significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) among the female greenhouse workers compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionLocal government efforts is needed to address associated issues including acute effects on health and long-term health risks, resulting from pesticide exposure to greenhouse workers, and gender differences should be considered. Also, occupational health and safety training is necessary and can be helpful in reducing adverse reproductive outcomes.

Gender Features of the Prevalence, Development and Progression of Left Ventricle Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Aim of the Study: To study the features of the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease, taking into account gender differences. Materials and Methods: This were an instant study. We examined 945 patients (360 female and 585 male) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the 1st to the 5th stage of the disease. The average age of the patients was 39.0±13.0 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. Results: In patients with female CKD, a significant decrease in hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and eGFR was detected compared with males, while the incidence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher. Daily proteinuria was significantly higher in men compared with women. The prevalence of LVH was significantly higher in females compared with men (49.4% versus 35.7%; p&lt;0.05). In women and men, the eccentric type prevailed in the structure of LVH. The number of patients with an eccentric type of LVH was significantly higher in the subgroup of females (p&lt;0.05), and with concentric remodeling of the LV were significantly higher in males (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of LVH among the examined individuals with CKD was 40.9%. Among women, the most common type of LVH was the eccentric type of remodeling (79.2%), and among men, the concentric type of LVH was 39.7% of cases.

Critical analysis of a multicentric experience with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: outcomes and complications of 10years of routine clinical practice.

To assess the perioperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in real-life practice and investigate the factors influencing the safety and effectiveness of the technique. Critical analysis of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) treated with HoLEP over 10years of routine practice in three hospitals. Analysed variables included: preoperative characteristics (prostate size, active antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy, blood parameters. prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, maximum urinary flow rate [Qmax ], and International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]), intraoperative variables (operation time, concomitant removal of bladder calculi, and complications), early postoperative outcomes (change in blood parameters, catheterisation time, and hospital stay), and 12-month follow-up outcomes (change in IPSS, PSA level, and Qmax ). The analysis included 963 patients, aged 48-91years, with a mean (range) prostate size of 91(35-247)mL. The mean (sd) operation time was 77(29)min, and the hospital stay and catheterisation time were 4(2) and 1.3(2)days, respectively. In all, 56 patients (5.6%) required concomitant removal of bladder calculi and 36 (3.7%) were converted to open prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate due to intraoperative complications. Patients had a significant decrease in haemoglobin and haematocrit, but no differences were seen between patients with and without anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy and those with prostates ≥ and <100mL. The concomitant removal of bladder calculi and having a prostate ≥100mL resulted in a longer operation time, but did not influence the safety and effectiveness outcomes. HoLEP is suitable for real-life patients with BPH, irrespective of the presence of active treatment with anticoagulant/antiplatelet, bladder lithiasis or a prostate ≥100mL.

Sleep disorders in children and adolescents on regular hemodialysis.

Sleep disorders in children with chronic kidney disease have been assessed in a limited number of studies. Our aim was to characterize the types of sleep disorders in children on regular hemodialysis and to detect the predictors of sleep efficiency in those children. Forty children and adolescents on regular hemodialysis and another 40 age- and gender-matched control groups were interviewed to answer a questionnaire-based survey, a modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale, to assess excess daytime sleepiness. Also, they underwent an overnight in-laboratory polysomnography to assess total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep staging, apnea/hypopnea index, and periodic limb movement index. We found poor sleep efficiency in 20% of cases, and periodic limb movement index higher than 5 in 45%, and apnea/hypopnea index higher than 5 in 40%. There was significant negative correlation between sleep efficiency on one hand, and serum potassium, serum creatinine, and sleep onset on other hand (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). There was significant decrease in hemoglobin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation in patients with excess daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.010, respectively). By using multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that serum creatinine was the single independent predictor of sleep efficiency.Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is not uncommon in hemodialysis children. Our results show a lower frequency of sleep disorders in comparison with previous studies. There is a strong association between kidney dysfunction and poor sleep quality in HD children.What is known:• Sleep disturbances can adversely affect a child's daytime performance.• Sleep disorders in children with chronic kidney disease have been assessed in only a limited number of studies.What is new:• Poor sleep quality is not uncommon in hemodialysis children.• There is a strong association between kidney dysfunction and poor sleep quality in hemodialysis children.

Changes of cytokine profile in the blood of pregnant women with anemia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of serum cytokines in different periods of pregnancy associated with anemia. 85 pregnant patients with anemia were examined. 46 of them were in their first pregnancy (1st group), and 39 (2nd group) patients were in their second or further pregnancy period. The comparison group consisted of 19 pregnant women without anemia. The level of hemoglobin and serum iron were determined by using colorimetric method, as well as the level of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin and serum iron level in the blood of pregnant women with anemia, significant increase in proinflammatory ytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-8, and a significant decrease in IL-10 compared with pregnant women without anemia were also detected. The most pronounced changes in the cytokine profile were observed in the third trimester and during second or futher pregnancy, which is caused by the progression of anemia.

Computed Tomography-Guided Kidney Transplant Biopsy Outcomes: A Single-Center Experience.

Percutaneous kidney transplant biopsy is typically performed using ultrasonographic guidance; computed tomography is an alternative modality used to obtain kidney allografttissuewhen ultrasonographyguided percutaneous kidney transplant biopsy is technically challenging. Studies examining postbiopsy outcomes in kidney transplant patients using a computed tomography-guided approach are scarce. Our goal was to reportthe incidence of nonsevere and severe complications in computed tomographyguided percutaneous kidney transplant biopsies and the potential risk factors. We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography-guided percutaneous kidney transplant biopsies in patients undergoing work-up for kidney allograft rejection between 2013 and 2017. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, history of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant use, and complications were assessed. : During the study period, 28 patients underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous kidney transplant biopsies; mean age was 57.5 ± 15.5 years, and 12 (43%)werewomen.Twenty-three patients (82%) were obese, with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m². Our cohort of kidney transplant recipients included 21 (75%) from deceased donors and 7 (25%) from living-related donors. At the time of biopsy, 6 patients (21%) had elevated blood pressure (defined as > 160/90 mm Hg). One patient had severe complications, which included a significant decrease in hemoglobin requiring transfusion and a perinephric hematoma with worsening renal function. This was a morbidly obese patient whose blood pressure was elevated at the time of biopsy with a platelet count of 93 × 10³/mm³ and international normalized ratio of 1.21. A computed tomography-guided percutaneous kidney transplant biopsy is a safe and effective alternative to obtain kidney tissue in the obese population and is associated with low rates of complications. In this study, we highlighted the need to achieve adequate blood pressure control and assess bleeding risk factors, such as platelet count and international normalized ratio, prior to biopsy.

Evaluation of the curative effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits ethanolic extract on Haemonchosis experimentally induced in Egyptian Baladi goats: phytoanalytical, parasitological and hematological studies.

This study aimed to screen phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of Balanites aegyptiaca ethanolic extract (BAF-EE) as well as to evaluate its curative effect on experimentally induced haemonchosis in goats. Phytochemical constitutes of BAF-EE were screened and identified using Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antioxidant effect was determined. Infective third larval stage (L3) of Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) were obtained by culturing feces of goat harboring monospecific infection of the parasite. Twelve male goats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 3) as: G1 (infected-untreated) which served as control positive, G2 (infected-BAF-EE treated), G3 (infected-albendazole treated) and G4 (uninfected-BAF-EE treated) that served as control negative. Experimental infection was conducted with a single oral dose of 10,000 L3 at 0-time, whereas treatment with BAF-EE and albendazole were given at a single oral dose of 9g and 5mg/kg BW, respectively in the 5th week post infection (PI). Egg count per gram of feces (EPG) was conducted once a week and blood samples were drawn on zero time, 3rd week PI and then biweekly for 9weeks, for conduction of hemogram. At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered and adult worms in their abomasa were counted. GC-MS analysis confirmed 28 compounds in the extract which revealed presence of saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and alkaloids, and exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. Clinical signs observed on the infected animals were signs of anemia, which were gradually disappeared post treatment (PT). A maximum reduction in EPG (88.10%) and worm burden (94.66%) was recorded on 4th week PT due to efficacy of BAF-EE in contrast to 98.29% and 96.95% efficacy of albendazole. All infected groups showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) and presence of microcytic hypochromic anemia compared with G4. Goats treated with B. aegyptiaca and albendazole, exhibited significant increase in Hb and PCV 2weeks PT and anemia changed to be normocytic hypochromic or microcytic normochromic in G2 and G3, respectively. Total white blood cells (WBCs) were elevated significantly in all infected groups which attributed to increase in lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils on expense of neutrophils. After treatments, WBCs and previously mentioned cells tended to decease. This study demonstrated that BAF-EE has anthelmintic effect against H. contortus and can improve hemogram and health condition of infected goats.

Inflammatory anemia-associated parameters are related to 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU: a preliminary observational study

BackgroundAnemia is one of the most common complications of sepsis. Sepsis-related anemia is associated mainly with inflammation. We aimed to observe the changes in the inflammatory anemia-associated parameters of patients with sepsis in the early stage of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to evaluate their association with 28-day mortality.MethodsA total of 198 patients with sepsis were divided into survivor (n = 110) and non-survivor (n = 88) groups on the basis of 28-day survival. Healthy volunteers (n = 20) were enrolled as a control group. Plasma levels of iron, ferritin, erythropoietin (EPO), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hemoglobin and the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were measured on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission. Clinical data and laboratory findings were collected, and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was calculated.ResultsPatients with sepsis showed significant decreases in hemoglobin, plasma iron and sTfR/log ferritin and significant increases in plasma EPO, sTfR, hepcidin, ferritin and IL-6 on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission compared with healthy volunteers. Hemoglobin was correlated negatively with plasma IL-6 and hepcidin. In patients with sepsis, non-survivors had significantly lower plasma iron, EPO and sTfR/log ferritin, but higher plasma hepcidin, ferritin and IL-6 than survivors on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission. Plasma EPO, hepcidin, ferritin, IL-6, sTfR/log ferritin, the RDW and SOFA score were associated significantly with 28-day mortality but to a varying extent. In particular, in predicting 28-day mortality, plasma hepcidin had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.808 and 87.3% specificity, which was the highest among the inflammatory anemia-associated parameters tested.ConclusionsInflammatory anemia-associated parameters changed significantly in patients with sepsis in the first week of ICU admission. Plasma EPO, hepcidin, ferritin, IL-6, sTfR/log ferritin, the RDW and SOFA score were associated significantly with 28-day mortality. Plasma hepcidin might have a superior predictive value, with high specificity, compared with other inflammatory anemia-associated parameters for 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the ICU.

Study of the Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) on End Stage Renal Failure Disease (ESRD) Pre-Hemodialysis in Iraqi Patients

Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a pathophysiologic process with multiple etiologies, resulting in the inexorable attrition of Nephron number and function and frequently leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In turn, ESRD represents a clinical state or condition in which there has been an irreversible loss of endogenous renal function, of a degree sufficient to render the patient permanently dependent upon renal replacement therapy (dialysis of transplantation) in order to avoid life threatening uremia, reflecting a dysfunction of all organ systems as a result of untreated or under treated acute or chronic renal failure. The current study was involved 80 patients, the age range within 25-70 years, selected sample of patients who attend Iraqi center of kidney dialysis, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Yarmok Teaching Hospital. All the patient's body mass index [BMI] were measured serum anti diuretic hormone ADH was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent kit [Elisa] while urea, creatinine, albumin, hemoglobin were determined by spectrophotometer (PD-303), and sodium, potassium, chloride were determined by Electrolyte analyzer 9180.These patients were divided in two group B (40 patients) as pre dialysis with ESRD, and group A (40) healthy control. Results showed non-significant elevations in ADH levels in the patient group compared with the control group, while highly significant increase in urea, creatinine and albumin levels in in the patient group compared with the control group, also highly significant decrease in hemoglobin comparing with the control group. Also, it was observed non-significant decrease in sodium, non-significant increase in potassium and highly significant increase in chloride when comparing with the control group.&#x0D;

Maternal Complications and Hemodynamic Changes Following Intrauterine Interventions for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies.

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a challenging complication in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins. Intrauterine interventions, such as fetoscopic laser ablation and cord occlusion followed by amniodrainage, are established treatments. Little is known about maternal complications and hemodynamics following these interventions. We performed a retrospective analysis of maternal procedure-related complications and the impact of such procedures on maternal hemodynamics and blood characteristics. Within the study period, 100 women with severe TTTS treated by fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) or cord occlusion (CO) were identified. Clinically relevant maternal complications were reported in four (4%) cases. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin between admission and postoperative measurements (all p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maternal heart rate, decreased from time of skin suture to postoperative measurements (all p < 0.001). Within a 24 h interval, there was a positive correlation between hematocrit (Spearman’s rho 0.325; p = 0.003), hemoglobin (Spearman’s rho 0.379; p < 0.001), and albumin (Spearman’s rho 0.360; p = 0.027), and the amount of amniodrainage during the intervention. Maternal procedure-related complications are relatively rare. Significant hemodynamic alterations and maternal hemodilution are common clinical findings following intrauterine interventions.

Protective effects of melatonin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rats at high altitude

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress-mediated haematological and biochemical changes in rat at high altitude. Adult male Wistar rats (6) were given the basal diet and drinking water ad lib. for first 7-days which was considered as the control period. Thereafter, they were exposed to NaF (@ 50 ppm) per-oral through drinking water for the next 14 days followed by melatonin treatment (@ 15 mg/kg BW, p.o.) for the next 14 days. The result showed induction of oxidative stress during NaF treatment alone, which caused significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and % inhibition of DPPH, MDA, and water intake. Whereas, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and body weight gain were significantly reduced during NaF exposure. Haemogram analysis indicated significant decrease in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, platelets count, whereas increase in MCH, monocytes, neutrophil, and eosinophil during NaF exposure. However, melatonin administration after 14 days of fluoride treatment resulted in significant amelioration of adverse changes occurred in different blood-biochemical parameters and also increased the total antioxidant status. Notably, the body weight gain improved during melatonin administration. These findings indicated induction of oxidative stress-mediated adverse change in haematology and biochemical parameters, and amelioration effect of oral dose of melatonin in rats under high altitude stress condition. Hence it can be concluded that melatonin acts as a potent antioxidant agent, which may be orally supplemented for amelioration of fluoride-mediated oxidative stress even under prevalent high altitude stress.

Clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical effects of dexmedetomidinepropofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs

The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical effects of dexmedetomidine in dogs undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia. Twelve apparently healthy adult dogs were divided into two groups having 6 animals each. Animals of group I received atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/kg s.c. + dexmedetomidine @ 10 μg/kg i.v. while animals of group II were administered atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/ kg s.c. + dexmedetomidine @ 15 μg/kg i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (as i.v. bolus till effect) and maintained with sevoflurane. Clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical parameters were recorded at different intervals. Quicker attenuation of clinical reflexes was observed in both groups. Induction time was significantly lower while duration of anaesthesia, recovery time, standing time, complete recovery time and percent reduction in MAC of sevoflurane was significantly higher in group II. Non-significant differences in induction dose of propofol, physiological and haematobiochemical parameters were observed in both groups. Significant decrease in heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and significant increase in mean arterial pressure was recorded in both the groups. Transient significant decrease in haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count and transient significant increase in glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and cortisol was recorded in both the groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased significantly while insulin level decreased significantly in both groups. Both anaesthetic combinations used in the present study produced satisfactory anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, therefore can be suggested for clinical use in canine patients undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia.

Abstract PR14: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Trp53, Brca1, Brca2, Pten, and Nf1 knockout to generate improved murine models of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma

Abstract Background: Transplantable murine models of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) that recreate key mutations seen in the human disease are greatly needed. These models would assist investigation of the relationships between tumor genotype, chemotherapy response, and immune microenvironment. ID8 is a widely-used murine model of ovarian cancer. However, we previously showed that it is poorly characteristic of HGSC, with no functional alterations in key HGSC genes including Trp53, Brca1, Brca2, Pten, Nf1, and Rb1. We generated novel ID8 derivatives with single (Trp53-/-) and double (Trp53-/-;Brca2-/-) mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Methods: We have now generated further ID8 derivatives: Trp53-/-;Brca1-/-, Trp53-/-;Pten-/- and Trp53-/-;Nf1-/-. In vitro, we assessed DNA double-strand break repair, and sensitivity to both platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibition, as well as cytokine and chemokine production. In vivo, we investigated intraperitoneal growth, as well as immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Results: Assays of homologous recombination (HR) function confirm that loss of Brca1 function, but not Pten or Nf1, renders cells HR defective. This is accompanied by significant increases in sensitivity to both platinum and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in Trp53-/-;Brca1-/- cells compared to Trp53-/-. Drug sensitivity in Trp53-/-;Pten-/- and Trp53-/-;Nf1-/- cells remains unchanged compared to Trp53-/- cells. In vivo, loss of Pten and Nf1 significantly reduced time to reach humane endpoints following intraperiteonal injection (34 and 36.5 days respectively) compared to p53 loss alone (46 days, both p&amp;lt;0.0001), while Brca1 loss had no effect on intraperitoneal growth (47 days). There were significant differences in survival for the different genotypes following three doses of intraperitoneal cisplatin (5mg/kg on days 28, 35, and 42 only). Mice bearing control Trp53-/- tumors reached humane endpoint in a median of 81 days. Trp53-/-;Pten-/- and Trp53-/-;Nf1-/- tumors produced the worst survival (median 69 and 71 days, respectively; p&amp;lt;0.01 for both compared to Trp53-/-). Survival was extended to 97 days for Trp53-/-;Brca1-/- (p=0.0003 compared to Trp53-/-), but even further to 113 days for Trp53-/-;Brca2-/- tumors (median 113 days), which was significantly longer than both Trp53-/- and Trp53-/-;Brca1-/- (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for both). In poor-prognosis Trp53-/-;Pten-/- and Trp53-/-;Nf1-/- tumors, whole-blood analysis of mice at endpoint shows a significant decrease in haemoglobin compared to single Trp53-/- tumors (p=0.0023). Furthermore, flow cytometry data show a significant increase in CD11b+;Ly6CG++ neutrophils in the ascites of mice compared to single Trp53-/-, suggesting an immunosuppressive microenvironment (p=0.0146). Analysis of whole blood at endpoint again shows a significant increase in neutrophils in mice bearing double Trp53-/-;Pten-/- tumors compared to single Trp53-/- (p=0.0203). Possible mechanisms suggested from cytokine array data include increased expression of CCL7 in Trp53-/-;Pten-/- cells, which is confirmed in tumors. Further work to characterize T-cell activation in these models is ongoing. Conclusions: These novel ID8 models represent a new and simple tool to investigate the biology of HGSC. All cells will be made available to other researchers upon request. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B61. Citation Format: Josephine Walton, Malcolm Farquharson, Susan Mason, Julianna Blagih, Darren Ennis, Elaine Leung, Suzanne Dowson, Dimitris Athineos, Damiano Rami, David Stevenson, Seth Coffelt, Karen Blyth, Douglas Strathdee, Frances Balkwill, Karen Vousden, Michelle Lockley, Iain McNeish. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Trp53, Brca1, Brca2, Pten, and Nf1 knockout to generate improved murine models of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr PR14.

Safety and Effectiveness of an Endoscopically Placed Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Device (EndoBarrier®): Outcomes in 114 Patients.

The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) is an endoscopically placed device designed to achieve weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese patients. Previous studies report promising results but typically included small patient numbers and short follow-up. This study aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of the device. Study design: A series of all patients treated by the DJBL at our institutions. Weight loss, biochemical measures, complications. Between July 2012 and March 2015, 114 consecutive patients were treated for a mean 51.1weeks (standard deviation (SD) 19.9weeks). Mean total body weight change from baseline was 12.0kg (SD 8.5kg, p<0.001). Mean percent total body weight loss (%TWL) was 10.5% (SD 7.3%). Mean HbA1c was not significantly improved, but of 10 patients on insulin, 4 ceased insulin and 4 reduced insulin dosages. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin and total cholesterol and a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase. Seventy-four percent of patients experienced at least one adverse event, some of them serious including 6 device obstructions, 5 gastrointestinal hemorrhages, 2 liver abscesses, and 1 acute pancreatitis. Seventy-four percent of patients experienced weight gain after removal with a mean 4.5±6.1kg (p<0.0001) within the first 6months after explantation. The DJBL provides significant but highly variable weight loss. Glycemic control was variable. Most insulin-requiring T2DM patients ceased or reduced insulin. Most patients experience an adverse event and most regain significant weight after device removal. Major adverse events can occur, including the potentially life-threatening complications of hepatic abscess and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Haematological alterations due to lung diseases in sheep and goats of Jammu region

The present study was conducted for evaluation of haematological parameters in sheep (330) and goat (230) having various lung affections that were slaughtered routinely as a source of food in Jammu region (Gujjar Nagar, Dogra Hall, Bishnah and Nagrota). About 25.75% (85) and 21.30% (49)of lungs examined in sheep and goats respectively were found to have parasitic infestation of Hydatidosis, Myiasis and Mulleriuscapillaris. Furthermore about 31.81% (105) and 29.13% (67) of selected lungs had pathological conditions of pneumonia, abscess and haemorrhage in sheep and goats respectively. Diseased sheep and goats reflected significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocytes (RBC) in parasitic infestation of Myiasis as compared to control while non significant alteration in these parameters was observed in conditions of Hydatidosis, M. capillaris, pneumonia, abscess and haemorrhage. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased significantly in Myiasis of sheep and haemorrhagic lungs of goats while no significant change was observed in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values. Significant increase in leucocytes (WBC), neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils were observed in both sheep and goats affected with various parasitic and pathological lung disesases with no significant change in basophilic count. Lymphocytic count decreased in all these adversed lung conditions as compared to healthy ones. Parasitic infection though not mixed one especially that of Myiasis comparatively has significant affected on blood parameters. The present study signifies the complementary importance of ante -mortem examination with that of post-mortem inspection in various parasitic and pathological affections of lungs.

Sodium arsenate and/or urea differently affect clinical attributes, hemato-biochemistry and DNA damage in intoxicated commercial layer birds

An experimental study was ascertained in birds to assess the toxicological effects of arsenic (sodium arsenate) and urea alone or in different combinations. After two weeks of acclimatization, all the birds were randomly divided into six equal groups (T0–T5) each containing 15 birds. Arsenic (A) and urea (U) was given to chickens (mg/kg body weight) daily for 39 days as follow: T1 (A10U0.5), T2 (A15U0.75), T3 (A20U1.0), T4 (A25) and T5 (U1.5). Various signs of toxicity such as depression, dullness, tremors, watery droppings, gasping, anemic comb and wattle were prominent in treated birds. Feed consumption and body weight of experimental birds treated with arsenic and urea decreased significantly. The absolute and relative weights of different visceral organs such as heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and bursa of treated birds were decreased significantly. Histologically, tissue sections of liver showed necrosis of hepatocyte, fatty degeneration and mild congestion. Microscopically, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, congestion and increased urinary spaces in kidneys, mild congestion in spleen and vacuolation in bursa of Fabricius of treated birds was evident. Hematological assessment indicated significant decrease in hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, hematocrit percent and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations. Results revealed significant increase in serum cardiac iso-enzyme, triglycerides, cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentration in treated birds as compared to untreated birds. A significant decrease in serum total proteins while increased concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, asparatate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and urea was estimated in treated birds. Significantly increased frequency of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes was recorded. It was concluded that arsenic and urea in combinations even at low levels affect clinical attributes, hemato-biochemical parameters and erythrocyte morphology in layer birds.

Oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by methylthiophanate, a systemic fungicide, in blood, liver and kidney of adult rats.

Methyl-thiophanate (MT), a fungicide largely used in agriculture throughout the world including Tunisia, protects many vegetables, fruits and field crops against a wide spectrum of fungal diseases. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in MT toxicity on non-target organism. In the present study, the effect of MT injected intraperitoneally to adult rats at 300 or 500 mg/kg of body weight was studied on blood, liver and kidney. Our results showed 3 days after MT injection, a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. A disruption in total white blood cells and platelets also occurred. Accordingly, an increased in malondialdehyde, H2O2 and advanced oxidation protein levels in liver and kidney were noted with the two doses. A significant change in plasma biomarkers and organ enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities were observed after MT treatment. The modifications in biochemical parameters were substantiated by histopathological data. These data confirmed the pro-oxidant effects of this fungicide. Accordingly, care must be taken to avoid mammalian and human exposure to MT.

The Role of Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation in Anemia and Mineral Disturbances Induced by 4-Tert-Octylphenol Toxicity

ABSTRACT4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that causes harmful effects to human health. Chlorogenic acid is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of chlorogenic acid in anemia and mineral disturbance occurring in OP toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four equal groups (8 rats/group) as follows. The first (control) group was treated daily with an oral dose of 1 ml saline for two weeks. The second group was treated daily with an oral dose of 60 mg chlorogenic acid/kg body weight for two weeks. The third and fourth groups received daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections with 100 mg OP/kg body weight for two weeks; the fourth group was treated daily with an oral dose of 60 mg chlorogenic acid/kg body weight for three weeks starting one week before OP injections. The results revealed that OP induced significant decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophil percent, transferrin receptor, serum calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, chloride, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, significant increases in serum hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin, erythropoietin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels were found in OP groups. OP exposure also induced cell apoptosis. Chlorogenic acid pretreatment in OP-treated groups restored all the mentioned parameters to approach the normal values. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid protects from anemia and mineral disturbances in 4-tert-octylphenol toxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and apoptosis.