Significant Changes Research Articles

Consistent Individual Tendencies in Motor Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off.

The literature on speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT) in motor control has evidenced individuality in how individuals trade moments (e.g.,mean and variance) of spatial and temporal errors. These individual tendencies could grasp tendencies of the system given previous experiences and constraints of the organism, a signature of the system control. Nonetheless, such tendency must be robust to small perturbations. Thirty participants performed nine conditions with different time and spatial criteria over 2days (scanning). In between these scanning conditions, individuals performed a practice condition that required modifications of the individuals' preferred spatial and temporal tendency in the SAT. Our results demonstrated that there were no systematic effects of practice in SAT preferences. However, individual analyses demonstrated significant changes for 25 out of 30 individuals. The latter either attests against a consistent preference or to a more complex characterization of individual SAT tendencies.

B-Detection: Runtime Reliability Anomaly Detection for MEC Services With Boosting LSTM Autoencoder

By pushing computing resources from the cloud to the network edge close to mobile users, mobile edge computing (MEC) enables low latency for a wide variety of applications. Nevertheless, in dynamic MEC systems, MEC services are challenged by the risks of runtime reliability anomalies. Detecting runtime reliability anomalies for MEC services is challenging yet critical to ensuring the stability of MEC systems. The effectiveness of existing anomaly detection methods suffers from poor performance when handling MEC services' large-volume, continuous, and volatile reliability streaming data. The key is to identify significant changes in the distribution of MEC services' current reliability streaming data compared with their historical performance. Inspired by concept drift, this paper proposes B-Detection, a boosting Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Autoencoder for detecting MEC services' runtime reliability anomalies based on distribution dissimilarity evaluation. B-Detection employs a deep learning method named LSTM Autoencoder to characterize the MEC services' historical reliability data distribution. To cope with the challenge of modeling complex distribution characteristics of MEC services' historical reliability streaming data and guarantee the real-time performance of B-Detection, we enhance LSTM Autoencoder with a weight-based reservoir sampling technique and an LSTM boosting algorithm. The reconstruction loss of the trained LSTM Autoencoder model is estimated for the up-to-date reliability streaming data, and the result is used to infer MEC services' runtime reliability anomalies. The performance of B-Detection is verified through a series of experiments conducted on a real-world dataset.

Development and Characterization of Enteric Polymer-based Solid Dispersion for Cholecalciferol Delivery

Background: The deficiency of vitamin D is a global concern affecting individuals of all age groups. Insufficient exposure to sunlight and disease conditions can lead to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) deficiency. Objective: Cholecalciferol is a lipophilic crystalline molecule, and it is highly susceptible to degradation under environmental conditions, including light, temperature, and oxygen, and its degradation rate is high in the low pH range. Therefore, an enteric solid dispersion-based formulation was developed in the present study for the oral delivery of cholecalciferol. Method: Enteric polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based solid dispersion was developed and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of various concentrations of cholecalciferol formulations on the viability of Caco-2 cells was determined using an MTT assay. A dissolution and stability study of the product was also performed. Result: An amorphous form of cholecalciferol in the solid dispersion was reported. The drug content of solid dispersions was in the order of 90%. The viability assay indicated that the surfactant used in the developed solid dispersion of cholecalciferol had no cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells. A dissolution study on enteric solid dispersion in two-stage dissolution under a biomimetic medium indicated the pHdependent release of cholecalciferol from the HPMCAS-based solid dispersion. Moreover, the stability study showed no significant changes in the cholecalciferol content in the developed formulation under storage at experimental conditions. Conclusion: The enteric solid dispersion of cholecalciferol was developed, which exhibited compatibility with Caco-2 cells, improved dissolution, and acceptable stability profile, and represented a potential option for efficient delivery of cholecalciferol.

Diagnostic Imaging for Retinoblastoma Cancer Staging: Guide for Providing Essential Insights for Ophthalmologists and Oncologists.

Retinoblastoma is the most common cause of all intraocular pediatric malignancies. It is caused by the loss of RB1 tumor suppressor gene function, although some tumors occur due to MYCN oncogene amplification with normal RB1 genes. Nearly half of all retinoblastomas occur due to a hereditary germline RB1 pathogenic variant, most of which manifest with bilateral tumors. This germline RB1 mutation also predisposes to intracranial midline embryonal tumors. Accurate staging of retinoblastoma is crucial in providing optimal vision-, eye-, and life-saving treatment. The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual has undergone significant changes, resulting in a universally accepted system with a multidisciplinary approach for managing retinoblastoma. The authors discuss the role of MRI and other diagnostic imaging techniques in the pretreatment assessment and staging of retinoblastoma. A thorough overview of the prevailing imaging standards and evidence-based perspectives on the benefits and drawbacks of these techniques is provided. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Impact of Radiotherapy on Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Nano-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This study investigate the changes of white matter injury induced by radiation after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its association with cognitive dysfunction using multiple MRI methods. A total of 42 patients with NPC who underwent radiotherapy at xxx Hospital between December 2018 and June 2021 were included. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the timing of radiotherapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used as MRI contrast agents. DTI and MRS scans were conducted to measure FA, ADC, NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cr ratios in the hippocampus of both temporal lobes. A cognitive assessment was performed using the MoCA and MMSE scales. After radiotherapy, patients experienced a decline in cognitive scores, which stabilized after 6 months. White matter changes were observed in the hippocampus, with decreased FA and increased ADC values that gradually returned to normal levels. Cho value increased and NAA value decreased initially but eventually returned to pre-treatment levels. No significant changes occurred in the Cr value. Metabolite ratios decreased within 3 months post-radiotherapy but gradually increased thereafter, remaining lower than pre-treatment levels at 6 months. Higher radiation doses did not significantly affect FA and ADC values but decreased white matter metabolite ratios. In conclusion, we reveal that the dosage and duration of radiotherapy can influence the degree of brain injury in patients with NPC and highlights the cognitive decline, white matter changes, and changes in metabolite ratios after radiotherapy for NPC, providing insights into the effects of radiation on brain structure and function.

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Design, Implementation, and Pilot Results

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) offer a collaborative opportunity between the patient and the care team to improve the quality of care. Objectives: To define PROMs in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), a pre-visit questionnaire (PVQ) was developed, which included a single agenda-setting question, the PROMIS-29 survey, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer (DT). Study Design: Patients completed the PVQ 1 month prior to transplant (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following transplant. Results: Sixty-five patients (n = 27 allogenic; n = 38 autologous) participated. Survey completion rates were 95% at 1 month post-transplant, 74% at 6 months, and 65% at one year. One month following transplant, patients’ fatigue (P < .001) increased, while physical (P < .001) and social (P < .001) functions decreased. Each returned to baseline at 3 months (P < .001). Fatigue was more pronounced in allogeneic recipients (P = .017) and autologous recipients recovered physical function much sooner (P = .021). Conclusions: This study confirms the feasibility of capturing PROMs longitudinally in patients receiving HSCT and demonstrates significant changes in fatigue and physical and social functioning following transplant.

Training experienced mental health practitioners to deliver foundational trauma education: The core curriculum on childhood trauma.

The majority of U.S. mental health practitioners receive little to no foundational trauma education, and instead rely on in-service or continuing education to fill this deficit. Consequently, it is essential to have experienced mental health practitioners capable of delivering trauma education. Since 2009; experienced mental health practitioners have been trained to use the Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma (CCCT) to deliver trauma education to other mental health practitioners. Despite prior evidence that the CCCT increases the trauma skills of trainees, to date no evaluation has been conducted on developing facilitators' skills, a crucial element in ensuring effective education. Longitudinal, multiinstrument data were collected from 85 CCCT facilitators trained between October 2016-January 2020; along with learning outcome data from 1646 mental health practitioners trained by those facilitators through March 2021. High facilitator skill levels were seen across all instruments, including statistically significant change between preand posttraining measures for 7 core facilitator skills (effect sizes: .90 to 2.25). The data also identified challenges in facilitator development and retention. CCCT facilitator training effectively imparts skills needed to increase workforce trauma capacity; however, modifications to the facilitator development model are needed to maximize impact of scale-up efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors Related to the Increasing Summer High Temperature Extremes on the Tibetan Plateau under the Background of Global Warming

Abstract The related atmospheric and oceanic factors are investigated in this analysis to understand the natural attributes responsible for the significant increase of the high temperature extremes (HTEs) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer. It is found that a stronger-than-normal South Asian high (SAH) and corresponding weaker-than-normal East Asian jet, an anomalous anticyclone and intensified midlevel westerly wind over the TP, and a more extensive, stronger, farther westward- and northward-stretching western Pacific subtropical high motivate more occurrences of HTEs over the TP on the interannual time scale. From 1961 to 2021, these crucial circulation patterns show a significant changing trend favorable for the occurrence of HTEs and thus contribute to its great increase. Further, the significant warmings of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical western Indian, northern North Pacific, and western North Atlantic Oceans make great contributions through different air–sea interactive processes as the Matsuno–Gill response, zonal vertical circulation cell, and mid- to high-latitude teleconnection wave train, respectively. Meanwhile, the interdecadal variability plays an important role. A breakpoint at the early twenty-first century is detected in the occurrence of summer HTEs on the TP. Both the crucial circulation patterns and the SST anomalies in the key oceanic regions experienced significant interdecadal transition to favor the occurrence of HTEs. In particular, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is significantly and positively correlated with the interdecadal variation of summer HTEs on the TP. The zonal teleconnection wave train triggered by AMO forms a stronger-than-normal SAH and strengthened midlevel westerly airflow over the TP, conducive to the increase of summer HTEs on the TP.

Predicting Battery Storage of Residential PV Using Long Short-Term Memory

Solar power panels, or photovoltaic (PV), have recently grown rapidly as a renewable alternative energy source, especially since the increase in the basic electricity tariff. PV technology can be employed instead of the state electricity company to reduce the electricity used. Indonesia is one of the countries that have great potential in producing electricity from PV technology, considering that most of Indonesia's territory gets sunlight for most of the year and has a large land area. Considering the benefits of PV technology, it is necessary to carry out predictive monitoring and analysis of the energy generated by PV technology to maximize energy utilization in the future. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing system was developed in this research to monitor and collect data in real-time within 27 days and obtained 7831 data for each parameter that affects PV production. These data include data on the light intensity, temperature, and humidity at the location where the PV system is installed. The feature selection results using Pearson correlation revealed that the light intensity parameter significantly impacted the PV production system. This research used the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method to predict future PV production. By tuning hyperparameters using 3000 epochs, the resulting RMSE value was 171.5720. The results indicated a significant change in the RMSE value compared to 100 epochs of 422.5780. This model can be applied as a forecasting system model at electric vehicle charging stations, given the increasing use of electric vehicles in the future.    Keywords— Forecasting; energy; Photovoltaic; LSTM; Internet of Thing.Â

The Future of Cloud Computing in Shaping Society

Abstract: In the next 5 years, significant technological changes are set to reshape the cloud computing industry. By 2025, edge computing is expected to be responsible for more than 75% of data production, thanks to the boost from 5G technology leading to decentralized storage for improved efficiency and security. Similarly, the integration of artificial intelligence is set to enhance user experiences in the face of increasing data complexity. Predictions suggest that machine learning analytics will boost cloud application functionality by more than 40% by 2026. Next to groundbreaking innovation, there is a significant focus on strengthening data security and supporting sustainability objectives in the industry. More than 90% of cloud providers have committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 [3]. Global data volumes have surpassed 200 zettabytes, ushering in a new era focused on responsible and ethical progress as the cloud evolves.

In English

Samples of MnOx-Na2WO4/SiO2 based on a mesoporous silica matrix were synthesized using manganese acetate, sodium tungstate, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), citric acid and triethanolamine as pore generating agent and characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive elemental analysis (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), electron magnetic resonance (EMR), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements and tested as a catalyst for the reaction of oxidative condensation of methane (OCM). It is shown that the MnNaW/SiO2 catalyst consists of Mn2O3, MnO2, Na2WO4 and SiO2 phases. The EMR and SEM/EDS data indicate a noticeable effect of the reaction conditions on the surface structure and the distribution of catalytically active components in the catalyst structure. Significant changes in the values of the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples with increasing temperature and duration of the reaction were found (the values of the specific surface area and pore volume, respectively, 116.8 m2/g and 0.590 cm3/g - up to and 46.1 m2/g and 0.232 cm3/g after 15 hours of catalyst operation in the OCM reaction at 800 °C). It has been shown that under the conditions of the OCM reaction, the elemental composition of the surface of the MnOx-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst changes, and the degree of change depends on the duration of the OCM reaction. Under the influence of the reaction mixture CH4/O2, the content of Mn and W decreases in the first two hours, and the trend towards a decrease in their amount on the catalyst surface with an increase in the duration of the OCM reaction is generally preserved. A detailed X-ray phase analysis also indicates a change in the phase composition of this catalyst under the influence of the CH4/O2 reaction mixture. It is assumed that under the reaction conditions (700–800 °C) the MnOx-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst is silicon dioxide particles basely with the cristabolite structure, the surface of which is coated with molten sodium tungstate containing nanosized particles of MnOx structures activated by sodium ions and WOx.

Inbound and Outbound Tourism in China: A Perspective Article

The tourism industry in China has undergone significant changes due to globalization, technology, and changing consumer preferences. This perspective article, based on a systematic literature review, examines examines trends, challenges, and opportunities in inbound and outbound tourism in China, focusing on the industry's dynamism. Both inbound and outbound tourism have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted new strategies and environmental adaptations. China has changed its priorities within the country to encourage domestic travel and support local firms. The rise in internationalisation and the growing middle class in China have led to an unprecedented rise in outbound travel. Chinese travellers are affecting travel habits and spending all around the world in the tourism sector. Language barriers, cultural differences, and safety concerns are some of the challenges that come with travelling abroad. To reach its full potential, China needs to adapt to the shifting global environment and take into account the specifications and preferences of both inbound and outgoing tourists.

Investigation of Radon, Total Electron Content and Linear and Nonlinear Variations of Meteorological Variables Due to Earthquakes: ARIMA and Monte Carlo Modelling

An Integrated Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) - Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is proposed to analyze and model the anomalies of atmospheric and ground gases by an earthquake along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Türkiye). Earthquakes, Soil radon gas and Total Electron Content (TEC) showed simultaneous anomalies. There are positive relationships between these three parameters. Also, positive relations between Rn, meteorology, and atmosphere are detected. The proposed ARIMA model and MCS for the Rn-TEC-Earthquake relationships of the measured data gave statistically significant results. This model and simulation showed statistically significant changes in the effects of microearthquakes, which are more difficult to detect than large earthquakes, especially on the ionospheric TEC.

Ultrasound guided injection with Collagen-based Medical Device: real-life evaluation of efficacy and safety in hip osteoarthritis.

Data regarding the treatment of hip osteoarthritis (OA) with collagen-based extracellular bio-scaffolds are lacking. We evaluated the treatment of hip OA with ultrasound guided intraarticular injections of Collagen-based Medical Device(CMD). Forty-four patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) I or II were selected, and 20/44randomly selected patients (CMD group), were treated with 2 weekly consecutive ultrasound guided intraarticular injections ofCMD (MD-HIP, Guna S.p.a. Milan, Italy). An additional 24/44 patients were treated with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs (NSAIDs) daily (NSAIDs group). Clinical assessment, X-rays and ultrasound evaluation were performed at baseline,and after 1 month in both groups, and after 3 months in the CMD group. Outcome measures were general pain VAS (0-10), thewhole WOMAC score, and the WOMAC specific subscores. CMD and NSAIDs group were homogenous for age,gender, VAS pain and WOMAC scores. The CMD group had significant improvement of the VAS pain (p<0.0001), globalWOMAC score (p<0.0001) and WOMAC function (p<0.0001) from baseline to the 1st month, with further improvementfrom the 1st to the 3rd month (p<0,001; p<0.01; p<0.03, respectively). Significant improvement in WOMAC pain (p<0.0001)and WOMAC stiffness (p<0.0001) was detected at 1st month, with no significant change at 3rd month. In the NSAIDs groupsignificant improvement in WOMAC function was detected after 1 month (p=0.021) only. No adverse events were recorded inthe CMD and NSAIDs group. The ultrasound guided intraarticular hip injections of CMD resulted in significantimprovement in VAS pain and WOMAC scores compared to treatment with oral NSAIDs.

Influence of perceived peer behavior on engagement in self-damaging behaviors during the transition to university.

As students transition to university, they experience significant social changes that can affect their behaviors, including self-damaging behaviors like disordered eating, problematic alcohol/drug use, suicidal thoughts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Building on prior work, we examined the associations between (1) perceptions of peers' engagement in self-damaging behaviors predicting one's own subsequent engagement in such behaviors (i.e., socialization) and (2) one's own engagement in self-damaging behaviors predicting perceptions of peers' subsequent engagement in such behaviors (i.e., selection). We also examined whether these associations were moderated by the source of influence (close peer/acquaintance) and degree of social disconnection experienced by the student. First-year university students (N = 704) were asked to complete seven monthly surveys. Multilevel models indicated that when students perceived their close peers had engaged in NSSI or suicidal thinking, they had seven times greater odds of future engagement in the same behavior, implying that socialization increases the risk of these behaviors among university students. Perception of acquaintances' NSSI also predicted greater odds of a student's own NSSI the following month. Social disconnection increased the likelihood of matching own behaviors to perceptions of acquaintances' alcohol abuse, highlighting the importance of fostering connections/mentors to reduce self-damaging behaviors on college campuses. Furthermore, when students engaged in alcohol abuse, they had almost four times greater odds of reporting that their acquaintances abused alcohol the following month, emphasizing the importance of the wider social network in alcohol use behaviors.

Negative dielectric constant and multi-visible photolumenses emissions of Cd(1-x)CoxO nanocomposites with (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00)

We report the photolumenses (PL) and dielectric measurements of Cd(1-x)CoxO nanocomposites with (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00). It is found that an increase in x correlates with a significant change in crystallite size, particle size, porosity, Debye temperature, Young's modulus, q-factor, binding energy, impedance of grains and their boundaries. The samples with x = 0.50 or 0.60 show an adverse change in the behavior of these parameters. We could not evaluate any shift in the wave length of PL emissions, although they are different in intensities. The samples of x = 0.40 and 1.00 show more visible emission colors at 640, 678, 716, and 791 nm. The x = 0.00 sample shows a negative dielectric constant (ε\\), but it crossovers to positive for the other values of x. ε\\ was gradually decreased as frequency increased up to 10 KHz, after which it nearly saturated except x = 0.80, in which it linearly decreased and never saturated. The ac conductivity decreased gradually against x such that the type of conduction is dependent on the chosen x. The Cole-Cole plot shows a straight line for x = 0.00 and arcs for x = 0.20 and 0.60, and a complete semicircular for x = 0.40, 0.50, 0.80 and 1.00. Furthermore, the effective capacitance was 9260 μF for x = 0.00, but it drops to 0.013 μF for x = 0.40, whereas the vice is true for bulk resistance. These results lend a reasonable certainty to the assertion that Co substitutes for Cd and make them potential prospects for devices such as diodes that emit light, cathode-luminescence displays, integrated circuits, Li-battery and supercapacitors.

Impact of aluminum fluoride addition on crystallization, structure and thermal properties of lead borate glasses

The glass composition (70-x)PbO–(30-y)B2O3–(x+y)AlF3, where x and y ranges from 0 to 20 mol%, were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching-annealing technique. The structural and thermal properties of the glasses were comprehensively analyzed using techniques like Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Dilatometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD confirmed the amorphous, non-crystalline structure of the glasses. The glass network was found to be composed of structural units such as PbO4, BO4, BO3 and AlO6 using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed significant structural changes, including the transformation of BO4 to BO3 units and the increase in non-bridging bonds, particularly with higher AlF3 content. DTA was instrumental in determining characteristic temperatures, such as the glass transition, melting, and peak crystallization temperatures, along with glass stability parameters (∆T, Hr, Tgr) for all samples. The study found that the addition of AlF3 led to a decrease in these characteristic temperatures when replacing B2O3, but an increase when replacing PbO. Variations in the density and thermal expansion of the lead borate glass were observed upon the addition of AlF3, decreasing when substituting for PbO and increasing when substituting for B2O3. These findings provide insights into the properties of oxyfluoride glasses, paving the way for future optimization in their composition for varied applications.

Improving adsorption materials properties for renewable energy-driven cooling systems

Considering addressing global warming and energy crises, this work presents an alternative cooling system based on adsorption technology. The novelty of this work lies in the improvement of the adsorption properties of the commercial adsorbent AquaSorb2000 (AS2000) for the first time by a chemical method. The AS2000 is improved by mixing with ammonium carbonate and thermally treated at 500 °C in a nitrogen gas flow. The raw AS2000 and the modified (MAS2000) adsorbents were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and N2 gas adsorption/desorption techniques. It was found that the modification led to significant surface changes. Adsorption isotherms of HFC-404A gas were investigated over AS2000 and MAS2000 adsorbents. Experimental results are fitted with Dubinin–Astakhov (D-A) and Sun-Chakraborty (S-C) equations for the isotherms and linear driving force and Fickian diffusion models for the kinetics. Moreover, the performance of the two materials is investigated for adsorption cooling systems (ADSs) using transient simulation modeling. The results showed improvement in the adsorption uptake from 0.50 kgR/kgAC of AS2000 to 0.99 kgR/kgAC of MAS2000 adsorbent. At the optimum conditions of the modified sample, the ADS performance parameters estimated by 124 W/kg specific cooling power (SCP) and 0.17 of coefficient of performance (COP) improved by 63 % and 70 %, respectively, compared to using the indicated original activated carbon material.

Comprehensive Assessment of Ischemic Stroke in Nonhuman Primates: Neuroimaging, Behavioral, and Serum Proteomic Analysis.

Ischemic strokes, prevalence and impactful, underscore the necessity of advanced research models closely resembling human physiology. Our study utilizes nonhuman primates (NHPs) to provide a detailed exploration of ischemic stroke, integrating neuroimaging data, behavioral outcomes, and serum proteomics to elucidate the complex interplay of factors involved in stroke pathophysiology. We observed a consistent pattern in infarct volume, peaking at 1-month postmiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then stabilized. This pattern was strongly correlated to notable changes in motor function and working memory performance. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we detected significant alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values, signaling microstructural changes in the brain. These alterations closely correlated with the neurological and cognitive deficits that we observed, highlighting the sensitivity of DTI metrics in stroke assessment. Behaviorally, the monkeys exhibited a reliance on their unaffected limb for compensatory movements, a common response to stroke impairment. This adaptation, along with consistent DTI findings, suggests a significant impact of stroke on motor function and spatial perception. Proteomic analysis through MS/MS functional enrichment identified two distinct groups of proteins with significant changes post-MCAO. Notably, MMP9, THBS1, MB, PFN1, and YWHAZ were identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. Our results underscore the complex nature of stroke and advocate for an integrated approach, combining neuroimaging, behavioral studies, and proteomics, for advancing our understanding and treatment of this condition.

Profiling of Metabolites in a Fermented Soy Dietary Supplement Reinforces its Role in the Management of Intestinal Inflammation.

Gastro-AD (GAD) is a soy flour derived product that undergoes an industrial fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii R0187 and has demonstrated clinical effects in gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer symptom resolution. The aim of this study is to describe and link GAD's metabolomic profile to plausible mechanisms that manifest and explain the documented clinical outcomes. 1H NMR spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis is used to characterize the prefermented soy flour and GAD products. The acquired spectra are screened using various resources and the molecular assignments are confirmed using total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY). Peaks corresponding to different metabolites are integrated and compared between the two products for relative changes. HPLC and GC are used to quantify some specific molecules. NMR analyses demonstrate significant changes in the composition of various assigned bioactive moieties. HPLC and GC analysis demonstrate deglycation of isoflavones after fermentation, resulting in estrogenically active secondary metabolites that have been previously shown to help to reduce inflammation. The identification of bioactive molecules, such as genistein and SCFAs, capable of modulating anti-inflammatory signaling cascades in the stomach's gastric and neuroendocrine tissues can explain the reported biological effects in GAD and is supported by in vivo data.