Significance Of Tumor Markers Research Articles

Retracted: Levels and Significance of Tumor Markers and Cytokines in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage Fluid of Patients with Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9528444.].

Predicting Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: The Significance of Tumor Markers in the Peritoneal Washing.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignant tumor worldwide. Many attempts have been made over the years to investigate the relationship between tumor markers and the risk of recurrence. This study aims to explore the predictive value of tumor markers measured in peritoneal washing during staging laparoscopy, regarding peritoneal carcinomatosis and mortality within 1year. Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, staged as at least usT2anyNM0 were submitted to staging laparoscopy in a Portuguese single center. CA 19.9, CEA, CA 125, and CA 72.4 were measured in the peritoneal washing after being harvested during staging laparoscopy. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. After 1year, 20 patients did not recur (52.5%), 11 (28.9%) developed carcinomatosis, and 7 (18.4%) had distant metastasis. Mortality reached 23.7% (n = 9). A statistically significant prediction of carcinomatosis was obtained for CA 125 (cutoff: 107.6 U/mL (p = 0.019)) and CEA (cutoff: 2.0ng/mL (p = 0.020)) with 87.5% and 75% sensitivity, respectively. Prediction of mortality was significant for CA 125 (cutoff: 103.8 U/mL (p = 0.044)) and CA 125 + CEA (p = 0.030). CEA and CA 125 had NPVs of 87.9% and 93.1% regarding PC, respectively. NPVs of 88.9% and 89.2% were met concerning mortality, for the same tumor markers. Performing the peritoneal liquid harvest during staging laparoscopy makes this analysis cost effective, reproducible, and does not add further morbidity. CA 125 and CEA, individually and in association, are good predictors of progression of disease and mortality within a year of staging laparoscopy in GC patients.

Meigs Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

Meigs Syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by the triad of benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion. This syndrome, often masquerading as malignant disease, presents a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a detailed analysis of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies of Meigs Syndrome. We explore the epidemiology of the syndrome, emphasizing its rarity, and discuss the various etiological theories that underlie its pathophysiology. Differential diagnoses, including malignant conditions that mimic Meigs Syndrome, are examined to guide accurate and timely diagnosis. An in-depth analysis of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is included, along with the significance of tumor markers and cytology in diagnosis. The cornerstone of treatment primarily involves surgical intervention, and we delve into the various surgical approaches and outcomes. Additionally, we shed light on the postoperative course and long-term prognosis of patients with Meigs Syndrome. This review aims to equip clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons with a comprehensive understanding of this uncommon condition to facilitate prompt recognition and effective management.

Levels and Significance of Tumor Markers and Cytokines in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage Fluid of Patients with Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer.

The paper is written to investigate the levels and significance of tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)] and cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-4, and IL-2] in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid of patients with peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. For this research, 145 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital were divided into peritoneal metastasis group (n = 25), other metastasis group (n = 32), and nonmetastasis group (n = 88) according to the occurrence of metastasis. At the same time, the levels of serum tumor markers and cytokines and tumor markers and cytokines in intraoperative peritoneal lavage fluid were compared among the three groups. The results showed that the proportion of TNM stage III in peritoneal metastasis group and other metastasis group was 68.00% and 62.50%, respectively, and the proportion of tumor >5 cm was 64.00% and 59.38%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. The 1-year survival rate of peritoneal metastasis group and other metastasis group was 44.00% and 40.63%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of nonmetastasis group (P < 0.05).The serum levels of CEA, CA125, CA19-9, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2 in peritoneal metastasis group and other metastasis group were higher than those in nonmetastasis group. The intraoperative peritoneal lavage fluid CEA, CA125, and IL-6 were 13.41 ± 3.72 ng/ml, 8.97 ± 1.33 U/ml, and 1.85 ± 0.44 pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than those in other metastasis groups and nonmetastasis groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of CA19-9, IL-4, and IL-2 in peritoneal lavage fluid among peritoneal metastasis group, other metastasis groups, and nonmetastasis groups (P > 0.05); the areas under the ROC curve of intraoperative peritoneal lavage fluid CEA, CA125, and IL-6 in predicting peritoneal metastasis were 0.850, 0.902, and 0.806, respectively, P < 0.05. Thus, the conclusion is that peritoneal lavage fluid CEA, CA125, and IL-6 have certain application value in predicting and diagnosing peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, while the other indexes have no application value.

Reference change value and measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of tumor markers

The use of measurement uncertainty among clinical laboratories becomes widespread. Measurement uncertainty can be reported with the result, as well as be used in certain reference change value (RCV) calculation equations. RCV is especially recommended for use in tests with a low individuality index. In our study, we calculated the measurement uncertainty of AFP, CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA tumor markers with the ISO TS 20914:2019. We compared results with limits. Two Beckman Coulter DXI-800 (Minnesota, USA) autoanalysers’ results were used. We calculated the RCV values using the classical Fraser method, logarithmic Lund Method, and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method as Minimal Difference (MD). We found the same permissible measurement uncertainty limit as 15.97% for all five tumor markers. The highest RCV value was found as 90% upstream for AFP test with Lund logarithmic approach, the lowest RCV value was found as 12% for CEA with MD, all other RCV results were between these two values. We do not recommend the use of MD, as values for Biological variation are not used in the MD approach. We also recommend using the logarithmic approach, although it gives higher results. There are also clinical studies on the significance of tumor markers in a follow-up that show different results. These differences may be because the studies are conducted with different systems. Therefore, each laboratory needs to calculate its own RCV values. We also recommend informing the clinicians about the tests with high measurement uncertainty.

Significance of Tumour Markers (CEA and CA15-3) in Carcinoma Breast

Significance of Tumour Markers (CEA and CA15-3) in Carcinoma Breast

The significance of tumor markers, CA 19-9 and CEA, in the pancreatic cancer staging and evaluation of surgical resectability

The significance of tumor markers, CA 19-9 and CEA, in the pancreatic cancer staging and evaluation of surgical resectability

Special subtypes of breast cancers: updates of molecular characteristics ADN tumor markers

Despite extensive research, breast cancer remains on the top list of cancer-related death. The WHO classifies breast cancers according to morphology and sometimes combined with clinical features into two major types, invasive carcinoma of no special types and special subtypes. The special subtypes of breast cancers include a group of morphologically distinct tumors with drastically different clinical behaviors. Although the current knowledge of tumor biology at genomic levels has been predominantly obtained on breast cancers of no special types due to their common occurrence, the data on the tumor of special subtypes at molecular levels urges us to view breast cancers as a whole and to understand the underlying biology instead of only anatomy of the disease. So-called triple negative breast cancers overlap with a considerable portion of the tumors in special subtypes and ER-positive diseases with special morphological features are also major contributors in special subtypes. Pathologists need to be aware of the current knowledge and understand the significance of tumor markers in clinical utilities for this special group of diseases. This short course will discuss the update of molecular characteristics at genomic levels and current and evolving tumor markers for the special subtypes.

Significance of tumour markers in cancer of gall bladder

In India, GI tract cancer is one of the ten leading cancers. Among Indian males it stands second to oral cancer and in females, it shares the third place. Most common malignant disorder of GIT is seen in our country that of liver, bile, gall bladder, pancreas, bileduct and colorectal. Aim: To see the significance of tumour markers in gall bladder cancer. Materials and Methods:This study comprise 225 cases of GI tract cancers was carried for more than two years. Of these, 22 subjects had gallbladder cancer. Tumour markers viz. CA19-9, CEA and AFP were assayed pre and post-operative cases and their role in gallbladder cancer was evaluated. Results: It was observed that serum concentration of CA 19-9 increased with advancing stage, but the same is not true for AFP and CEA. Sensitivity of these markers AFP, CA 19-9 and CEA in the detection of gall bladder cancer was determined. CA 19-9 is the most sensitive of all the three tumour markers in the detection of gall bladder cancer. Conclusion: The combination of CA19-9 and CT (or US) is a reasonable, cost-effective, noninvasive approach to establishing the diagnosis of pancreatic, cholangitic, or biliary cancer in nonicteric patients.

Significance of Serum Tumor Marker Levels in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Appendiceal Origin

The significance of tumor markers in patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis is poorly defined. We determined preoperative and postoperative tumor marker levels in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and examined their association with clinicopathologic features and survival. A total of 176 patients undergoing attempted CRS/HIPEC for appendiceal carcinomatosis had at least 1 tumor marker measured. Marker levels were correlated with tumor characteristics and oncologic outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors affecting progression and survival. At least 1 marker was elevated prior to CRS/HIPEC in 70 % of patients (CEA, 54.1 %; CA19-9, 47.7 %; CA-125, 47.2 %). Among patients with elevated preoperative marker levels, normalization occurred postoperatively in 79.4 % for CEA, 92.3 % for CA19-9, and 60 % for CA-125. Absolute preoperative tumor marker levels correlated with peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) (p < .0002), and the number of elevated markers was associated with PCI and progression-free survival (PFS). Elevated postoperative CEA level was associated with decreased PFS (median, 13 vs 36 months, p = .0008). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, elevated preoperative CA19-9 was associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 1.5-5.3, p = .0008), whereas elevated CA-125 was associated with shorter overall survival (HR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.3-5.4, p = .01). Most patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis will have at least 1 elevated tumor marker and will normalize following CRS/HIPEC, allowing for ongoing surveillance. CA19-9 is a promising biomarker for early progression following CRS/HIPEC, whereas CA-125 is associated with shorter survival.

The role of molecular margins as prognostic factors in laryngeal carcinoma in Chinese patients

Conclusion: Molecular margins were a more important prognostic factor in laryngeal carcinoma in Chinese patients than histopathological margins. eIF4E was the most sensitive molecular index of those that we tested for in these patients. Objectives: Safe surgical margins are closely related to prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of molecular margins, not traditional histopathological margins, as prognostic factors in laryngeal carcinoma in Chinese patients. An additional aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor markers in the primary site of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: From January 1992 to January 2000, the data for 321 Chinese patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were divided into a recurrent laryngeal carcinoma group and a non-recurrent group were analyzed. Tumor markers in surgical margins and primary site, such as cyclin D1, p53, and eIF4E, were detected in the two groups with immunohistochemical staining. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression of cyclin D1, p53, and eIF4E in surgical margins between the recurrent laryngeal carcinoma group and the non-recurrent group. The eIF4E-positive rate in surgical margins was higher than that for the other two factors. There was a significant difference in cyclin D1 and p53 in the primary site of laryngeal carcinoma and no significant difference in eIF4E in the two groups.

Clinical significance of tumor markers as prognostic factors in patients with metastatic gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy.

4035 Background: Although tumor markers are known to be associated with tumor burden and/or aggressive biology, any association of such markers with patient survival has not previously been determi...

Clinical Significance of Tumor Markers in Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Resection

Purpose: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of tumor markers for recurrence and the clinical significance of false positive findings after curative gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Two hundred ninety patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent were evaluated retrospectively. We analyzed the correlations between changes in tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9, AFP, and CA-125) and clinicopathologic data, and basis for changes in tumor markers without recurrence during the follow-up period. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of tumor markers for recurrence were 75.0%, 64.6%, 23.1%, 94.8%, and 65.9% respectively. Among 36 patients with recurrences, 10 patients (27.8%) had elevated tumor markers prior to positive findings on imaging studies, while 13 patients (36.1%) had concomitant elevation in tumor markers. At least 1 of the 4 tumor markers increased in 90 of 290 patients during the follow-up period; however, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence. Twenty patients had persistently elevated tumor markers, while the tumor marker levels in 70 patients returned to normal level within months. The patients with pulmonary disease, hepatobiliary disease, diabetes, hypertension, or herbal medication users had elevated tumor markers more frequently than patients without disease (P

Significance of tumor markers in lung cancer

The objective was to test the utility of the cytokeratins CYFRA 21-1, tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), Neuron specific enolase (NSE) and Carcino Embryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with lung cancer and in the pleural fluid of the patients with lung cancer and also the predicting ability of these tumor markers with respect to the histological types [including non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)] and pathological stages. 40 normal subjects and 222 cases of histological proven lung cancer were studied. The findings suggest that TPS and CYFRA 21-1, are useful serum markers for the diagnosis of NSCLC and NSE seems to be useful tumor marker for monitoring course of patients especially SCLC. The combined use of these cytokeratin markers TPS and CYFRA 21-1 may provide additional information for prognosis.

腫ようマーカーの臨床応用

腫瘍マーカーの臨床的意義は高危険度群患者の追跡, がん診断の補助, がんの生物学的特性の鑑別, 進行度と予後の推定, 治療経過の観察と再発の発見などにある.消化器がんには多数の腫瘍マーカーがあるが, 早期診断に有用なものはない.唯一, 肝細胞癌が慢性ウイルス性肝炎と肝硬変症は血清α1-fetoprotein (AFP) とprohrombin inhibitor produced by vitanin k dttciency (PIVKA-2) の定期的な測定で比較的早期に診断される.また, 術前血清マーカー値が独立の予後因子であることが証明された.胃や食道では産生腫瘍マーカーやがん遺伝子の過剰発現から予後不良のがんが診断できる.治療効果判定には定期的な定量演J定が有効であり, 血中半減期と治療後の最低レベルが治療の根治度を, 術後の増加が再発の前兆を示す.がん遺伝子, 抑制遺伝子と遺伝子産物が腫瘍マーカーとして利用され, 糞便抽出液や膵液の検査で早期診断が可能となろう.

第16回日本総合健診医学会学術大会講演抄録 人間ドックにおける腫瘍マーカー (CEA・AFP) 導入の意義について

第16回日本総合健診医学会学術大会講演抄録 人間ドックにおける腫瘍マーカー (CEA・AFP) 導入の意義について

Significance of tumor markers, detected with monoclonal antibodies in patients with breast cancer

Significance of tumor markers, detected with monoclonal antibodies in patients with breast cancer