Meigs Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

Meigs Syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by the triad of benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion. This syndrome, often masquerading as malignant disease, presents a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a detailed analysis of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies of Meigs Syndrome. We explore the epidemiology of the syndrome, emphasizing its rarity, and discuss the various etiological theories that underlie its pathophysiology. Differential diagnoses, including malignant conditions that mimic Meigs Syndrome, are examined to guide accurate and timely diagnosis. An in-depth analysis of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is included, along with the significance of tumor markers and cytology in diagnosis. The cornerstone of treatment primarily involves surgical intervention, and we delve into the various surgical approaches and outcomes. Additionally, we shed light on the postoperative course and long-term prognosis of patients with Meigs Syndrome. This review aims to equip clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons with a comprehensive understanding of this uncommon condition to facilitate prompt recognition and effective management.