14. Clay Lancaster, “Jefferson’s Architectural Indebtedness to Robert Morris,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 10, no. 1 (1951). 15. Robert Morris, Select Architecture, 2nd ed. (London: Robert Sayer, 1757), 8. 16. Ibid., 2. 17. Ann Bermingham, Landscape and Ideology: The En glish Rustic Tradition, 1740–1860 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989). 18. In the books most often cited as Jefferson’s sources for octagons— Morris, Wilhelm Gottlieb Becker, and James Gibbs— eightsided fi gures are used overwhelmingly in the context of garden pavilions or in connection to viewing a landscape. 19. Richard Neve, The City and Countrey Purchaser, and Builder’s Dictionary (London: printed for J. Sprint, G. Conyers, and T. Ballard, 1703), 59. Neve is quoting from Henry Wotton’s Elements of Architecture (1624). 20. See Dell Upton’s reading of the octagonal dome of Monticello in Architecture in the United States (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 36–37. 21. On Jefferson’s house designs for others, see Hugh Howard, Thomas Jefferson, Architect: The Built Legacy of Our Third President (New York: Rizzoli, 2003), 86–114. 22. On the question of whether Lockean empiricism helped break down essentialist concepts of race, see the discussion in Berger, Sight Unseen, 30–32. On Hume, see Gikandi, Slavery and the Culture of Taste, 102–3. 23. Jefferson, Notes, 266. 24. As Dell Upton has observed, at Monticello, Jefferson submerged these areas so as to misleadingly make a small village inhabited by black and white appear as the relatively modest home of one enlightened occupant. Upton, Architecture, 30. 25. In the built house, the perfect geometry of the dining room is disrupted by the awkward addition of a fi replace in one corner. 26. On the late addition of the stairs, see Travis C. McDonald Jr., “Constructing Optimism: Thomas Jefferson’s Poplar Forest,” Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 8 (2000): 195n33.