Siddha Literature Research Articles

Medicinal plants mentioned in Siddha literatures for Putru noi (cancer) and their saponin content - a comparative study

Medicinal plants mentioned in Siddha literatures for Putru noi (cancer) and their saponin content - a comparative study

Medicine within a Cultural Ecosystem

The paper examines the concept of Tamil siddha literature as an integrating force for the local cultural ecosystem. The research is based on texts ascribed to two prominent authors of Tamil siddha tradition, namely Siddhar Yākōpu and Siddhar Pōkar (ca. 17th cent.). The first part of the paper looks at representations of nature in the Siddhars‘ texts, and demonstrates that the authors attribute certain extraordinary powers and divinity to nature. This further suggests that such views on nature allow the Siddhars to interconnect different realms typically viewed as separate in the contemporary secular perspective where liberatory practices are positioned apart from domains like nature and medicine. Attempts to integrate various fields of siddha lore are evident in the Siddhars‘ texts, for instance, in Vaittiya Kallāṭam, which is analyzed in the second section of the paper. To this end, among others, the perspective of material ecocriticism is applied to examine the images of natural material substances in Tamil siddha texts.

POORANA CHANDROTHAYA CHENTHURAM (PCC), A SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE PROTECTS AGAINST SCOPOLAMINE‐INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

AbstractBackgroundIndian Systems of Medicine (ISM) are considered to be of native medical systems which were assimilated into Indian culture. ISM comprising of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani and Siddha which are in practice since time immemorial much before the recognized health system came into existence. In Siddha system, higher order pharmaceutical forms of medicine called PCC are predominantly prepared with metals and minerals through well‐coined pharmaceutical procedures and techniques that have been inscribed in the Siddha literature. The methods which convert the toxic metals/ minerals into compatible form that fits for human consumption. It has the privilege that these drug forms can cure many chronic diseases, in precise dosage. PCC is an imperative medicine which contains gold, mercury and sulphur in defined quantity. As given in Siddha vaithiyathirattu PCC is prepared from Gold, Mercury, and Sulphur in a ratio of 1:8:16 and processed with the required amount of red cotton flower juice and plantain stem pith juice. It is well known for its effectiveness in respiratory disorders especially bronchitis, hepatic disorders, renal diseases, neurological disorders, and skin diseases. However, there are no reports on whether PCC may improve cognitive dysfunction.MethodsWe used RAM and NORT models to evaluate cognitive improvement. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase enzyme was assessed in the brain tissues. Further, protein expression of BDNF was also assessed in hippocampus tissues after the behavioral tasks.ResultRepeated administration of PCC (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg., p.o) before the acquisition trial (T1) explored the object significantly more than the familiar one during the discrimination trial (T2) respectively, showing an increase in memory retention. In the radial arm‐maze task, scopolamine‐treated rats with PCC showed decreased working memory errors as compared to scopolamine‐alone treated rats. Treatment with different doses of PCC showed up‐regulation of BDNF with a significant effect by inhibiting the elevation of acetylcholinesterase activity when compared to the vehicle‐treated group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the PCC ameliorates scopolamine‐induced impairment of cognitive functions in rats. These data further support that the anti‐amnestic effect of PCC recommends it as a promising candidate for clinical trials in patients with cognitive impairment.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION RATHINAGARA RASA MEZHUGU IN ANIMAL MODEL

The usage of Nonsteroidal and steroidal drugs in the treatment of Musculoskeletal disorders often results in adverse effects such as renal damage, gastric irritation, etc. Alternative therapies with less or no side effects are the need of the hour. Siddha system offers a lot of Anti-inammatory drugs that are polyherbal or Herbo-mineral in nature and devoid of the above-mentioned adverse effects. This research work deals with the Anti-inammatory screening of a Siddha Herbo-mineral Formulation Rathinagara rasa mezhugu (RNM) documented in classic Siddha literature Anuboga vaidhaya naveneetham Part 5 indicated for inammatory disease conditions. Anti-inammatory activity was evaluated by Carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, orally) was used as standard. The formulation in doses of 20mg/kg, 45mg/kg, and 90 mg/kg showed 56%, 61.53%, and 90.47% inhibition of paw edema, respectively at the end of 5 h. The result of the study showed that RNM at all dose levels signicantly(p<0.5) reduced the inammation in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. RNM at 90mg/kg was found to be signicant (**p<0.01) and effective in the reduction of paw edema after 5hrs.From the results, it can be concluded that Rathinagara rasa mezhugu (RNM) was found to exhibit high anti-inammatory potential which conrmed the traditional use of the drug.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION KEEDARI THAILAM

Keedari thailam is the polyherbal Siddha formulation extensively used for puzhuvettu as external medicine mentioned in the Siddha literature “Theraiyar thaila varka surukkam”. The ingredients of keedari thailam are Poduthalai (Phyla nodiflora Linn), elumichai (Citrus limon Linn), nallennai (sesame oil) and milagu (Piper nigrum Linn). Puzhuvettu can be considered as alopecia areata according to conventional medicine. Due to adverse effects in the treatment of conventional medicine, world is looking for the management of alopecia in traditional medicines for safe drug use. In clinical practice, the ingredients present in the keedari thailam have effective in the treatment of alopecia areata. Hence, this study endeavors to review the essential data focusing on the actions, phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of ingredients of the keedari thailam. Through this extensive review on Siddha literatures and recent research reports, scientific validation has been carried out on various pharmacological actions and therapeutic benefits of each ingredient of keedari thailam. This review revealed the presence of antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, anti inflammatory, analgesic, anti cancer and anti diabetic activities in the ingredients of keedari thailam.

ACUTE PHARYNGOTONSILLITIS AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH SIDDHA: A REVIEW

Pharyngotonsillitis is the inflammation of pharynx and tonsils characterized by sore throat and fever. Recurrent infections have adverse effects on normal growth and development of the child. It will hamper the quality of life for school going children. Tonsillitis is very common in pediatric practice. There are about 74,55,494 cases of Tonsillitis in India per year. Modern medicine provides symptomatic relief but does not prevent the recurrence and also cause some adverse effects. Moreover, chronic conditions are often treated by tonsillectomy which also shows some complications. So, there is a need to find out a safe and effective remedy which not only relieves the symptoms but also increases wellbeing. It can be traced by unsheathed treasure of Siddha. Tonsillitis can be correlated with virana silethumam in Siddha. This is caused by deranged kabam and raktha thathu due to improper diet, poor oral hygiene and sedentary lifestyle. Siddha literatures depicted various treatment modalities to cure diseases. This paper is an endeavor to highlight the clinical picture of virana silethumam and its management through Siddha.

Management of Cerebral Palsy through Siddha System of Medicine - A Review

Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone and posture. Cerebral palsy is due to abnormal brain development often before birth. Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in children; about 2 per 1000 live-born are later diagnosed with CP. Social inequality in risk has been reported for outcomes strongly associated with CP, including preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction. In medical world, there are a lot of newly developed technologies are present in children health for pediatric care. Therefore several generations before in Siddha literatures are described the child growth, child growing period and the specific group of medicinal plants suitable for pediatric population and the diseases that occur in various stages of childhood and their treatment. In Siddha literature, most of the symptoms of Cerebral Palsy are correlated to Siravatham, Sirasthamba Vatham. I reviewed a complete manual on siddha treatment for cerebral palsy. The external therapies are like Varmam, Podithimirthal, Ennaiooral (Sira Pootchu), Ennaiozhukku (Tharai), Thokanam, Nasiyam. One of the concepts of Siddha system is diseases are raised from impairment of Mukkutram (Vatham, Pitham and Kabam).These external therapies were found to reduce Vadha and Kabha and induce Pitha. So that the above therapies are used to reduce the symptoms and manage the condition.

A Review on Chunnam an Effective Siddha Higher Order Medicine

Siddha's system of medicine is one of the ancient systems of medicine including a lot of research data without scientific evidence. Siddha medicine has 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external medicines which includes 24 different processes. Siddha system of medicine has a huge number of medicinal preparations it possesses very effective principles to treat various ailments with minimal side effects. Chunnam (Calcinated nanoparticle powder) is one of the 32 types of internal medicine in Siddha. Chunnam is white in color. Chunnam is prepared from metals, minerals, and marine products. Chunnam like higher-order medicine has more therapeutic value minimal dose. In Chunnam preparation, mercury paadaana or metals are triturated either individually or combined by adding herbal juices (depending on the preparation) then kept in the crucible and sealed with mud-pasted cloth. Then they are blown and made into white powders and then it was cooled and stored in an airtight glass container. The Siddha higher-order medicine Chunnam is a very highly acclaimed unique dosage form it was in an alkaline group of drugs that is indicated for chronic diseases. Chunnam such as Thaalaga chunnam, Sangu sunnam, Pavala veera chunnam, Mutthu chunnam, Padigara chunnam, Nandukkal chunnam etc. It is used for the treatment of chronic diseases like leprosy, tuberculosis, cancer, urolithiasis, etc, This review article attempts to facilitate the Chunnam preparations mentioned in Siddha literature, and its applications were explained broadly.

A Case Study of Eosinophilia in Bronchial Asthma Through Siddha Medicine

Bronchial Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition in lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction [1]. Swasa Kasam mentioned in siddha literatures which is equated to Bronchial Asthma with the symptoms of breathlessness, cough with or without expectoration, tightness of chest, wheezing, elevated eosinophil count. Eosinophilia is generally observed in patients with a range of 500 to 2000 eosinophilia/µl in blood. Sai prasath et al [2]., uses ayurveda medicines in the treatment of eosinophilia in bronchial asthma and the author observed the anti-eosinophilic effect of the ayurvedic medicines. In this paper the author uses Siddha medicines (a traditional medicine system) to cure eosinophilia in Bronchial Asthma.This case study may be useful for clinicians practicing siddha system of medicine.

A review on siddha polyherbal formulation- gowthamar chooranam for the management of swasakasam (bronchial asthma)

Background: In the Siddha system of medicine Swasakasam is correlated with bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disorder. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night and in the early morning which may subside spontaneously or with treatment. This review shows the potential role of Gowthamar chooranam a Siddha polyherbal formulation from the Siddha literature the pharmacopeia of Siddha research medicine for the treatment of Swasakasam (Bronchial asthma).
 Aim and Objective: This review provides information on the uses, chemical components, and pharmacological properties of medicinal herbs. It also identifies research gaps and opens up new possibilities for future study of this polyherbal formulation for the treatment of Swasakasam (Bronchial asthma).
 Materials and Methods: The review was conducted from the primary sources called ancient Siddha literature and also the search from electronic sources called databases like Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct with keywords anti-asthmatic herbs, and pharmacological actions. The information was collected and reviewed.
 Result: Most of the herbs included in the Siddha formulation were found to be anti-asthmatic activity
 Conclusion: All the ingredients present in Siddha polyherbal formulation gowthamar chooranam are simple, easily available, inexpensive, and easy to prepare. The pharmacological properties of ingredients have a pungent taste, and hot potency and are mostly found as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, and anti-asthmatic. Hence it is evident that the formulation was very effective in the treatment of Swasakasam (Bronchial asthma). Further preclinical, clinical studies and statistical data analysis help in exploring this polyherbal siddha formulation.

Alchemical Metaphors and their Yogic Interpretations in Selected Passages of the Tamil Siddha Literature

In the Tamil siddha texts, the passages on yoga frequently interlace with teachings on alchemy. The texts on these domains of the traditional siddha knowledge are often composed in a deliberately ambiguous and obscure manner, which results from the use of various strategies, such as wordplay riddles, metaphors, ellipses and vague technical vocabulary. In this article, I examine ambiguous passages in the alchemical literature of the Siddhars which, apart from their literal, alchemical meaning, can be also interpreted as metaphorical allusions to yogic practices and concepts. I concentrate mostly on the literature ascribed to Siddhar Yakopu, tentatively dated to the seventeenth century. I analyse several instances of equivocal verses and consider the possible role of the obscure passages. I study the intertwined alchemical and yogic discourse and I reflect on the siddha understanding of matter.

THE NARRATIVE REVIEW ON SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: GARUDAN KIZHANGU ENNAI

Garudan kizhangu ennai is a polyherbal Siddha formulation widely used for various skin diseases, especially alopecia areata, mentioned in the Siddha literature "Siddha vaidya thirattu". Alopecia areata can be correlated with the term "Puzhuvettu" in the Siddha system of medicine. This is a complex autoimmune condition that causes non-scarring hair loss. Nowadays, the prevalence rate of alopecia is higher among children and adolescents. Hence, this review aims to emphasise the potential role of Garudan kizhangu ennai in managing alopecia areata in Siddha. The ingredients of Garudan kizhangu ennai are briefly explained here in Siddha aspects, actions, chemical constituents and pharmacological aspects. All the above information was collected from various scientific articles and books. The scientific studies explored the ingredients of Garudan kizhangu ennai, predominantly possessing antihistamine, antivenom, antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. This review revealed that the Garudan kizhangu ennai could be effective for managing alopecia areata, and further clinical studies will be needed to prove the drug's efficacy.

AN OVERVIEW OF SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: MILAGU LEGIYAM

Milagu Legiyam is a polyherbal Siddha formulation mentioned in the Siddha literature "Aathmaratchamirtham". It indicates silethumam 96. In the Siddha system of medicine, the clinical presentation of acute pharyngotonsillitis is described under "virana silethumam". Vitiation of kabam is responsible for the virana silethumam. According to modern medicine, this occurs due to the viruses and beta?hemolytic group A streptococci. Nowadays, this is a common illness in children that often leads patients to consult paediatricians. The hot potency of the ingredients of Milagu Legiyam plays the leading role in the management of virana silethumam. Hence, this review highlights the fields of research conducted on the ingredients of Milagu Legiyam. The data was collected from the scientific databases and various textbooks. This review revealed the presence of antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anthelmintic and anticancer activities.

EFFICACY OF SWASAKUDORI MATHIRAI - A SIDDHA HERBAL FORMULATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SUVASAKAASAM: A REVIEW

Siddha medicine is a classical system of medicine. When the three humours (vatham, pitham, kabam) are in an appropriate balance, the person experiences good health. Any imbalances of the three humours lead to disease. Eraippu noi is otherwise called Ezhuppu noi or Swasakaasam. Eraippu noi is characterized by the tightness of the chest, difficulty breathing in which expiratory breathing sounds resemble musical instruments like flute, loot, or veena, and cold with or without expectoration during cough. The symptoms of Eraippu noi can be correlated with bronchial asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness manifesting as wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The exact aetiology of asthma remains unclear and appears to be multifactorial. The risk factors include animals, mites, mould, other allergens, and air pollutants. Siddha literature described many formulations that are indicated for Suvasakaasam. Swasakudori Mathirai is one of them. Swasakudori mathirai is purely an herbal formulation indicated for Suvasakasam/Eraippu noi. The ingredients of Swasakudori mathirai are vellerukkam poo and milagu. The ingredients of this drug mostly have anti-asthmatic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antimicrobial activity. It is easily prepared and safe for all age groups, especially paediatric ones, to manage bronchial asthma. This review further concentrates on enhancing the research on Siddha herbal medicines.

STANDARDISATION OF MURUNGAI NEI: A SIDDHA FORMULATION

Murungai Nei (Moringa ghee) is a multi-herbal formulation indicated as an aphrodisiac and spermatogenic in Siddha literature. The study aims to standardise the Murungai Nei’s quality, purity, and safety through its physicochemical, microbiological, chromatographic, and biochemical parameters. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, and pH were found to be 0.03%, 0.0499%, 0.0199%, 0.07%, 0.1934%, and 18.49% respectively, which denote the purity and quality of the drug in this study. Qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of major phytochemicals: alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, diterpenes, quinones, gum, and mucilage. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting analysis of the test drug reveals the presence of seven eminent modes relevant to the presence of seven different phytocomponents within it, whose Rf values range from 0.03 to 0.24. Biochemical analysis reports the presence of carbonate, sulphides, phosphate, ferrous, and magnesium. The results obtained from all the analyses of this study provide data on the pharmacogenetic (physical, chemical, and biochemical) properties of the Siddha poly-herbal formulation Murungai Nei. In the future, these data can be utilised as references for standardising the drug Murungai Nei.

Preparation and Standardization of Siddha Herbal Formulation Bhavana Panchankula Thailam

Introduction: Antenatal period is an important phase in women’s life. Antenatal care is significant to ensure the pregnant women and her foetus are in good health. Certain food and behaviour may affect her pregnancy. Siddha system of medicine assures good antenatal care. According to Siddha literature Theraiyar Thaila Varga Churukkam, have quoted many thailam preparations for both internal and external use. Bhavana Panchankula Thailam which is one among them is specially indicated for antenatal care and also for various other diseases like Ganachudu, Karupachudu, Siruneer Paathai Thabitham, Sarrira Varatchi, Marunthugalin Ushnam and Malachikal The aim of the study is to standardize the components of Bhavana Panchankula Thailam Aim: To validate the components of Bhavana Panchankula Thailam and interpret the components with possible medical roles. Materials and methods: Bhavana Panchankula Thailam was prepared as per Siddha literature. The oil was analyzed by using physico-chemical analysis, FT-IR, ICP-OES, and GC-MS. Result and Conclusion: Characterization plays a major role to identify the nature of the drug by physico-chemical analysis, FT-IR analysis shows the presence of functional groups, ICP-OES for presence of heavy metals. The instrumental analysis GC-MS study for “Bhavana Panchankula Thailam “shows the presence of Free Fatty Acids. Keywords: Bhavana Panchankula Thailam, GC-MS, Free Fatty Acids, physico-chemical analysis, FT-IR, ICP-OES.

In-silico Molecular Interaction Studies of Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites of Cissus quadrangularis L. as a Potential Anti-cancer Drug

Cissus quadrangularis Linn. is a succulent perennial plant of family Vitaceae also called as Asthisandhaanak or Hadjor in Hindi, has been traditionally described in Ayurveda and Siddha literature as general tonic and as a powerful analgesic, used as an anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective etc. It is a good source of biologically active secondary metabolites withvarious pharmacological activities implicated in a wide range of human diseases. Cancer is a major issue or concern in public health systems, especially in developing countries like India. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), Tyrosine kinase (TK) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are emerging as an important cancer target therapeutic proteins. Molecular docking studies provide a better insight into the biological activity of secondary metabolites like Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) and Piceatannol (3,3′,4,5′-transtrihydroxystilbene) from C. quadrangularis L., its possible mechanisms of action, binding modes and predicting it as a possible anti-cancer drug with and lesser or no side effects

ICP-OES Analysis of Inji Chooranam-II

Background: The Inji chooranam (IC) is a polyherbal formulation used for Soothaga vayu. (pcod). Objective: The objective of the present study is to detect heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury) and other elements within the permissible limits as per WHO guidelines present in the Siddha polyherbal formulation “Inji Chooranam”. Materials and Methods: The ingredients were collected and purified and the drug was prepared as per Siddha literature “Siddha vaithya thirattu” by Dr. kuppusamy mudhaliar. Here, the drug was subjected to standardization by simultaneous ICP-OES analysis equipment (PERKIN ELMER OPTIMA 5300 DV). Result: This paper revealed the therapeutic safer level of heavy metals and other elements present in Inji chooranam, as per WHO guidelines with the help of simultaneous ICP- OES analysis equipment (PERKIN ELMER OPTIMA 5300 DV). Conclusion: From the ICP-OES analysis reveals that Inji chooranam are free from toxicity there by proving the safety of its utilization in siddha system. This study forms the base for the pharmaceutical analysis of Inji Chooranam (IC) which will be followed by safe and efficacy studies later. Keywords: Inji chooranam (IC), polyherbal formulation, Soothaga vayu, Siddha Medicine.

Management of Uthiravathasuronitham (Rheumatoid arthritis) by Siddha traditional formulation Amirdha Gandhi Kukkil Vallathy – A case series

Aim and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease and its signs and symptoms are correlated with Uthira vatha Suronitham (UVS) in Siddha. Here we discussed a case series of Rheumatoid arthritis managed by a novel, classical Siddha formulation Amirdha Gandhi Kukkil Vallathy (AGKV). Methods: Three cases were diagnosed as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria, along with symptoms of UVS as per Siddha literature. All the three cases were treated with Siddha medicine AGKV 2 gm bid for 48 days in the General out patients department, Siddha Central Research Institute. Observations: The assessment was made by the signs and symptoms and serological parameters like C-Reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Haemoglobin (Hb), Rheumatoid Arthritis factor (RA factor). Results: The RA Factor was reduced in all three patients from 60 to 13.9, from 133 to 106, from 60.7 IU/ml to 35.6 IU/ml ; CRP reduced in case 1 from 135.8 to 34.3, case 3 from 18.9 to 5.6, reduction in RAPS score and clinical symptoms were noticed in all three cases and were followed for 1 year and managed with diet advice. This case series highlights that RA can be successfully managed with Siddha herbo mineral preparation AGKV within a minimum period of 48 days. Hence in a long duration of treatment, it will certainly give good results to reduce the burden of RA patients.

An Insilico Computational Screening of Siddha Formulation Kalingathy Thailam against Cyp- 17α-Hydroxylase in PCOS

Background: PCOS is characterized by ovulatory failure, hirsutism, obesity, glucose intolerance, resistance to insulin, dyslipidemia and infertility. Siddha system of medicine has a worthwhile therapeutic effect in treating PCOS. The bioactive compounds of Kalingathy Thailam mentioned in Siddha literature was selected for evaluating their ability to inhibit CYP- 17α-hydroxylase. Objective: The study is aimed to perform the In Silico computational screening of the formulation Kalingathy Thailam against the target enzyme CYP-17 α -hydroxylase in PCOS. Methods: Autodock program was used against the target enzyme CYP-17 α -hydroxylase for the phytocomponents such as Sinapic acid, Cucurbitacin B of Citrullus colocynthis (L. ) Schrader, Aromadendrene, Linolenic acid of Melia dubia Linn. , Onionin A, Protocatechuic acid of Allium cepa Linn. , Ascorbic acid, Limonene of Citrus limon (L. )Burm. f. , Ricinine of Ricinus communis Linn. Results: A total of 9 components were screened, out of these Protocatechuic acid, Ascorbic acid, Linolenic acid and Cucurbitacin B reveals maximum of 2 to 3 interactions accounting for 75-100% binding efficacy with the core active amino acid residues present on the target enzyme CYP- 17α-hydroxylase. Conclusion: Based on the results of the computational analysis it was concluded that the bio-active compounds present in the herbal ingredients possess significant binding against the target enzyme CYP-17α-hydroxylase by interacting with active amino acids. Hence these phytocomponents which inhibit the target enzyme may act as a potential therapeutic agent for management of PCOD.