Siberian Conditions Research Articles

ЖЕНА И ПОМОЩНИЦА ГУБЕРНАТОРА: А.М. АРЦИМОВИЧ В СИБИРИ (1854–1858 гг.)

The paper examines the problem of the significance and possibility of studying the biographies of the wives of high-ranking officials of the Russian Empire. The wives of high-ranking officials, including figures of the Siberian administration, did not officially work, but played an important role in public life and management practices. Sometimes they did not abandon traditions, but adopted the norms of the new era. A review of the research literature allowed the author to note that, despite the impressive number of works by domestic and foreign historians on gender issues, the issue has not been sufficiently studied. The use of memoir-epistolary sources created by the wife of the Tobolsk governor V.A. Artsimovich, her relatives and acquaintances, made it possible to fill this gap using the example of one of these ladies. For the first time, letters from A.M. Artsimovich and V.A. Artsimovich to her are being introduced into scientific circulation from the funds of V.A. Artsimovich in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main stages of the biography of Anna Mikhailovna Artsimovich (nee Zhemchuzhnikova) are reconstructed, the daily life of the governor’s family, its complexities and specifics in Siberian conditions are characterized. The main directions and features of the activities of the governor’s wife and assistant, participation as a trustee in the management of the Mariinsky Girls’ School are shown. The significance of the Siberian years for the development of the personality of an extraordinary woman was revealed. The evolution of her views, her transformation into a like-minded person and ideological ally of the famous statesman of the era of the Great Reforms is covered. An important result of the study was the filling of the gap in characterizing the role in public life of the wives of prominent figures in the Siberian administration.

Studying a collection of common-wheat varieties for leaf rust resistance, crop yield and grain quality in the environmental conditions of Novosibirsk region.

The relationship between a variety's genotype, environmental conditions and phytopathogenic load are the key factors contributing to high yields that should be taken into account in selecting donors for resistance and high manifestation of valuable traits. The study of leaf rust resistance in 49 common wheat varieties was carried out in the field against the natural pathogen background and under laboratory conditions using single-pustule isolates with virulence to Lr9 and Lr24. It has been shown that the varieties carrying alien genes Lr6Agi2 (Tulaikovskaya 10) and Lr6Agi1 (Voevoda) were resistant to leaf rust infection both in the field and in the laboratory. Varieties KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13, and Etyud producing crop yields from 417 to 514 g/m2 comparable to the best standard variety Sibirskaya 17 can be reasonably used as Lr24 resistance gene donors under West Siberian conditions. Omskaya 44 variety showing crop yield of 440g/m2 can be used as a donor for Lr19 and partially effective Lr26. Varieties Tuleevskaya and Altayskaya 110 with Lr9 in their genomes are recommended for the development of resistance gene-pyramided genotypes. The highest protein and gluten contents were observed in the CS2A/2M sample, while KWS Buran, Altayskaya 110, Volgouralskaya, and KWS Akvilon showed the lowest values. Varieties CS2A/2M, Tulaikovskaya 10, Pavon, and Tuleevskaya were ranked the highest in micro- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K) contents among the common wheat samples from the collection, while the lowest values for most elements were observed in KWS Buran, Novosibirskaya 15, and Volgouralskaya. Winter varieties demonstrating leaf rust resistance against the infectious background typically carry adult plant resistance genes (Lr34, Lr12, and Lr13), particularly combined with the juvenile Lr26 gene. The presence of Lr41 in a winter type line (KS 93 U 62) allowed it to maintain resistance against a leaf rust pathogen clone kLr24, despite the presence of Lr24 in the genotype. Varieties Doka and Cheshskaya 17 may act as donors of resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34 and Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34, as well as sources of dwarfing without losses in winter hardiness and yield under West Siberian conditions.

Monitoring and Prediction of Siberian Silk Moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Outbreaks Using Remote Sensing Techniques.

The feasibility of risk assessment of a Siberian silk moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.) outbreak was analyzed by means of landscape and weather characteristics and tree condition parameters. Difficulties in detecting forest pest outbreaks (especially in Siberian conditions) are associated with the inability to conduct regular ground surveillance in taiga territories, which generally occupy more than 2 million km2. Our analysis of characteristics of Siberian silk moth outbreak zones under mountainous taiga conditions showed that it is possible to distinguish an altitudinal belt between 400 and 800 m above sea level where an outbreak develops and trees are damaged. It was found that to assess the resistance of forest stands to pest attacks, researchers can employ new parameters: namely, characteristics of a response of remote sensing variables to changes in land surface temperature. Using these parameters, it is possible to identify in advance (2-3 years before an outbreak) forest stands that are not resistant to the pest. Thus, field studies in difficult-to-access taiga forests are not needed to determine these parameters, and hence the task of monitoring outbreaks of forest insects is simplified substantially.

Exiled Participants of the January Insurrection in Altai (1863-1864)

The topic of the Siberian exile of the participants of the January Insurrection (1863-1864) is one of the most important and complex, occupying a special place both in Russian history and in the history of neighboring countries. The relevance of this problem is determined by the importance of this event, which had a great impact on the formation of Russian-Polish relations in the 19th century, the need for a detailed study of the life of the participants of the insurrection in Siberian exile. Extremely difficult interstate relations in the modern world cause an acute need to address the historical experience of cohabitation and interaction of exiles of different nationalities who found themselves in Siberian conditions in the second half of the 19th century. In this regard, there is a need for further in-depth study of the living conditions of exiles in Siberia, their relationship with the administration and the local population. The article deals with the period of stay in Altai of the participants of the January Insurrection (1863-1864), exiled from Mogilev, Minsk, Vitebsk, Grodno provinces. Based on the available sources, the work reflects the issues of the number, places of accommodation, material situation, activities of the exiles, supplemented with details of their biography. Some of the exiles served as scribes, accountants, engaged in education, crafts, beekeeping, having a significant impact on the development of the local population. In the process of direct communication in the conditions of living in Altai, interethnic relations and contacts between the exiles were formed.

The Catholic Priests Exiled to Western Siberia after the Suppression of the January Uprising (1863-1864): Some Research Issues

The history of the Siberian exile was and remains a complex topical problem that requires comprehensive study. Modern difficult interstate relations give particular relevance to the appeal to the existing historical experience of living together in conditions of exile of representatives of various nationalities. Article is devoted to the consideration of the stay in Western Siberia of Catholic priests expelled from the Mogilev, Minsk, Vitebsk, Grodno provinces after the suppression of the January uprising (1863-1864). On the basis of available archival sources, the work reflects the issues of numbers, places of accommodation, material situation, the activities of exiled Catholic priests, supplemented the biographical information. When possible, some exiled Catholic priests carried out religious services, engaged in education. Thanks to their selfless activities, moral support took place, the unification of the exiles in the conditions of Siberia. The exiled priests, acting as speakers of national culture and language, influenced the spiritual development of the local population, contributing to the enrichment and diversity of its life. In the process of communication in Siberian conditions, the formation of interethnic relations and contacts between the Slavonic peoples took place.

Evaluation of initial material of winter soft wheat in terms of adaptability in the forest-steppe conditions of Novosibirsk region

One of the main ways to obtain consistently high yields in Siberian conditions is the use of adaptive varieties. Selection plays a key role in solving this problem. Success in breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses depends on the correct choice of initial parental forms for crossing. The purpose of the study is to evaluate varieties and promising breeding lines of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of productivity and adaptive potential. The results of the study of 68 varieties and breeding lines of winter soft wheat are presented. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the winter wheat crop were formed in 2021 (Ij=125.1). The least favorable conditions developed in 2020 (Ij= -171.2). The most winter-hardy varieties were Scepter, Novosibirskaya 32, Pamyati Chekurova, Omskaya 6. The Volzhskaya variety showed high plasticity (bi=1.49), but was not stable over the years. The most stable varieties among highly productive samples were Novosibirskaya 32 (δd² = 13.75), Lutescens 261-3 (δd² = 16.86), Pamyati Chekurova (δd² = 13.95), Zhemchuzhina Povolzh’ya (δd² = 10.33), Volzhskaya 22 (δd² = 22.70). Genotypes combining high rates of plasticity and stability Lutescens 261-3 (bi=1.26; δd²= 16.86) and Volzhskaya 22 (bi=1.97; δd² = 22.70). Samples of Pamyati Chekurova, Scepter, Omskaya 6 and Chekh 16 stood out for a number of indicators: in terms of stress resistance Уmin - Уmax = -51.9 ÷ -282.5; in terms of genetic flexibility (Уmax+Уmin)/2 = 568.8÷651.8; by yield variability V = 4.6÷26.4%; according to homeostasis Hom = 8.13÷94.88; by breeding value Sc = 391.3÷521.5. These samples are of interest in the selection of winter soft wheat to improve adaptability

Репрезентация омской деревни в путеводителях Всесоюзной сельскохозяйственной выставки (1939–1940 гг.)

The reference to this topic is due to necessity to create the most complete image of the region, as well as to expand ideas about the channels and methods of its formation in the official Soviet culture. The present scientific work describes the participation of Omsk region in the «Great Review», a unique propaganda and cultural and educational Soviet project of the 1930s which aroused great interest not only in the USSR but throughout the world. Special attention is paid to the self-presentation of Omsk region in such pavilions as «Siberia», «Grain», «Cattle breeding», «Rabbit breeding», «Veterinary medicine», «Gardening», «Printing», «Young naturalists». It is shown that the present and future of Omsk village was clearly associated with the scientific achievements: selection work of triticum-agropyrum hybrids carried out by the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Economy led by the Academician N. P. Tsitsin, the method of growing fruit trees in Siberian conditions developed by the doctor of agricultural sciences A. D. Kizyurin. Infotainment, sciencetainment, visualization and media technologies are noted as the main methods and ways of presenting information. Guidebooks on the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition of 1939–1941 are introduced into scientific circulation. They have not been involved in domestic research on the history of Siberia of the Soviet period.

Storage battery operation in autonomous photovoltaic systems in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Practical operating experience

This paper presents real-life experience in operating storage batteries in autonomous photovoltaic systems located in Siberia and the Russian Far East. A description is given of the photovoltaic systems’ installed capacity and the technical specifications of the storage batteries in use. Wide discrepancy in the adopted battery technologies leads to the conclusion that, at the design stage, prospective technical solutions are developed based on subjective evaluations rather than on composition modeling​ and optimization outcomes. The described issues that occurred in real photovoltaic systems in Siberia and the Russian Far East confirm this.The paper proposes methodological and technical measures designed to improve the storage battery operating environment in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Russian Far East. One of such measures is to solve the equipment optimization problem with respect to storage battery categorization. Furthermore, it is necessary to take better account of the battery room’s in-house energy consumption, given the severe Siberian conditions. Part-time operation of storage batteries in photovoltaic systems throughout the year also needs to be considered. Practice shows that this measure considerably increases storage battery lifetime. This paper summarizes the authors’ examination of numerous photovoltaic systems with further analysis of the storage batteries’ operating modes and other technical factors.

Physicotechnical approach to systemic film moistening

This article discusses the features of storage, humidification and operation of film in Central Siberian conditions. A number of features and a certain factology are revealed that affect the organization of systemic moistening (humidification) and maintenance of film materials on analog media for long-term storage and operation of film. The main factors included in the description of this article, which affect the dynamics of maintaining the working surface of 35 mm and 16 mm film: the specifics of the composition of the film; the impact of a temporary, natural and technological nature on the "light pictures"; sophisticated technology for servicing analog film projectors, rewinding devices and film checking facilities; the specifics of the sequence of manipulations of equipment and chemical compositions for stable operation without gusts, drying and burnout of film materials. The article shows the content of work on the stages of film moistening, taking into account the specifics of their application. This specificity manifests itself most significantly when working with especially fragile film materials that are of cultural value and have an actual shelf life of at least 60 years. In the step-by-step process of moistening, after the end of each stage, the main results obtained are assessed by visual comparison of the image projections, followed by the digitization of the image and the correction of the result obtained in graphic editors. If the "light picture" is of interest and needs additional adjustments to eliminate artifacts, scratches and other elements of entropy, then neural network approaches are used to work with film material. The article presents an analysis that allows you to determine the permissible option for the implementation of film moistening in the given conditions of film testing for subsequent projection on film equipment.

New varieties of shallots for Siberian conditions

Relevance. Shallot is the universal culture in terms of its economically valuable indicators. Breeders in the south of Western Siberia carry out a lot of research work with the aim of creating varieties for Siberian conditions. Long-term studies have made it possible to select promising samples, and exceeding in their indicators the value of signs of released varieties.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in field and laboratory conditions on the basis of the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station in the Priobskaya zone of the Altai Territory in 2016-2020. Research objects: samples of the nursery of competitive variety testing. Three appreciable forms No. 37, No. 39 and No. 48 passed competitive variety testing and, according to the results of the research, were transferred to the State Variety Testing.Results. Sample No. 39 showed marketable yield, which exceeded this indicator of the standard variety by 23.7% and amounted to 23.2 t/ha. The average weight of the sample No. 39 marketable bulbs was 29.0 g, for the standard variety it was 23.4 g. The content of vitamin C in the bulbs and leaves of the new sample exceeded these indicators of the standard variety by 0.3% and 0.53%, respectively. In 2018, sample No. 37 was transferred to the State Variety Testing. This sample belongs to the early maturing group. The bulbs yield of the new sample during all the years of testing significantly exceeded the yield of the standard variety and amounted to 20.3 t/ha (2016- 2018). Sample No. 48 was submitted to the State Variety Testing in 2020. The excess in bulbs yield of this sample was (2019-2020): 13,3%, leaves – 18,8%. In 2019, the Sharm variety was zoned and entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements, in 2020 – the Chance variety. Sample No. 48 with the proposed name Pharaon has been undergoing the State Variety Testing since 2021.

Cadres of the Judicial Bodies in Siberia in 1920s - Early 1930s

The article examines the process of formation of the Soviet judicial personnel in Siberia in the 1920s - early 1930s. It analyzes the main acts in the field of the judicial system, considers the judicial organization in the territory of the Siberian Territory, the main requirements for judges. It is noted that the formation of the personnel of the court on the basis of party and class characteristics almost led to the paralysis of the judicial system in the region. Poor equipment of the courts, hard work in difficult Siberian conditions, low wages, party control and state interference in the administration of justice contributed to high staff turnover and poor quality of court decisions. The authors conclude that the Soviet state’s desire to ensure party and class dominance in the judicial system, including the court under strict control, led to the initial stage of the formation of the Soviet judicial system, the low professional training of the personnel of the court, the degradation of the entire justice system. The lack of proper material and technical equipment of the courts, combined with the highest professional workload, led to high staff turnover on the one hand, and low quality of court decisions on the other. However, energetic and persistent activity of workers of the Siberian ships helped to create in the region of the system of judicial institutions, thereby guaranteeing the Soviet state legitimacy on the basis of a new socialist legality.

Ethological evaluation of pig welfare under different keeping technologies in Siberian conditions

The authors found that the system of keeping gestating sows on a breeding farm increases the risk of animal welfare related to technological problems and insufficient staff training (contamination, human fear, local infections, inflammation of joints). The negative impact of industrial technology on the welfare of gestating sows is manifested in the increased frequency of torso injuries and fear of humans. Limb problems in sows on a farm kept without walking are related to a low management level, as no such problems were observed in the industrial complex. The welfare of sows on small farms can be ensured by improving the technological level of production and the skills of maintenance personnel.

«Вятские – ребята хватские…» (прииртышские фольклорные тексты о «вятских»)

In the “patchwork” resettlement space of Siberia, including the Omsk Irtysh Land, a group of immigrants from Vyatka province and their descendants is especially distinguished among the Russians. “The Vyatskie” settled in separate communities, mainly in the northern regions of the Omsk region. In the second half of the 20th century, in Siberian conditions, the Vyatskie mostly lost the peculiarities of their dialect and way of life. This paper considers one “peculiarity” of their folklore heritage. These are sayings, anecdotes, and household tales about the extreme foolishness of the Vyatskie. The texts under study were conditionally di-vided into 4 groups: sayings expressed in one word or phrase that reflect the specific features of life and speech of the Vyatskie; sayings close in the genre to proverbs and adages; sayings retelling some plotless anecdotal situation; anecdotes and household tales. Each text is com-pared with the data of the ethnographic and historical-cultural essay of D. K. Zelenin, “Folk Sayings and Anecdotes about Russian People of the Vyatka Region.” The analysis led to the conclusion that the folklore texts about the foolishness of the Vyatskie were brought to Sibe-ria by immigrants from Vyatka province. A comparative analysis allowed compiling an index of anecdotal stories about the Vyatskie, with a color designation showing the plots found by the author only in the article referred to or only in the materials of the Omsk archives and in-dicating the common plots. Not only does the index reveal the pattern of existence of the aforementioned folklore texts of Irtysh Land but is expected to become a kind of “question-naire” for further fieldwork aimed at studying the folklore heritage of this group of Siberian immigrants.

О сибирских моделях управления образованием (XIX – начало ХХ в.)

The article is devoted to the research of I. N. Mamkina and A.V. Blinov “Regional models of education management in Imperial Russia: Siberian version”. The monograph presents the results of the authors' work on the problem of organizing the management of the education system in the Eastern suburbs of the Russian Empire in the context of the development of the General Imperial district management model. Stages and adaptations of forms and methods of management in special Siberian conditions are revealed. The evolution of the formation of the Kazan educational circle is shown, the experience of transferring educational institutions under the control of the provincial government, and the features of regional education management in Western and Eastern Siberia are considered.

Parent forms of strawberry Fragaria×ananassa Duch. For breeding on large-fruitfulness

The aim of the present work was to identify strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. varieties, valuable for breeding on large-fruitfulness. The research objectives included the assessment of varieties by large-fruitfulness and the identification of sources of this trait, that allows to develop not only large-fruited, but also yielding varieties that are in demand in the market and it will lead to an increase in the production of strawberries, satisfying the population’s demand in poly-vitamin products. 64 varieties of strawberry were studied. The studies were carried out in the department “M. A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia” of “Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology” in the south of Western Siberia in conditions of a sharply continental climate in 2005-2018. The degree of large-fruitfulness was defined according to the generally accepted method, the assessment of large fruitfulness (average mass of berries) – according to the scale, proposed by N. P. Stolnikova for Siberian conditions. The coefficient of variation was calculated by the method, described by O. V. Masyukova. As a result of studies, it was found that 26 strawberry varieties had an average mass of berries less than 7.0 g, 17 varieties – 7.0-7.9 g, ten – 8.0-8.9 g, nine – 9.0-9.9 g, two – more than 10 g. The variability of large-fruited trait of the studied varieties seemed to be significant almost in all varieties, except for Alena and Zvezdochka varieties, in which the variability was insignificant and the coefficient of variation was 8.1-9.3 %. At Yaponka variety, the variability was average, the coefficient of variation was 13.9 %. For use in breeding the varieties Pervoklassnitsa and Tsunami with very large (12.8 and 10.3 g, respectively) and the varieties with large berries Alena, Atlas, the Bulgarian velikan, Bylinnaya, Vengerka, Vesper, Geyser, Yaponka (9.0-9.9 g and 10 varieties (8.0-8.9 g) were selected. It is necessary to use such strawberry varieties as sources of large-fruitfulness, which have a large-fruited degree of 5 points, 25 varieties turned out to be with this parameter. The parent forms selected for breeding turned out to be adapted to weather conditions during fl owering and ripening of berries, to recurrent spring frosts.

The yield and baking quality of Siberia-bred spring soft wheat varieties in the north forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

Over the past century and at the beginning of the current one, Siberian breeders have been intensively breeding spring soft wheat for improving the yield and grain quality. The ecologically and geographically diverse source material has been used at the breeding and educational institutions of the region. Thus, in the severe Siberian conditions, the wheat gene pool has been painstakingly created. It has been very difficult here to solve the problem of improving the grain quality, but, given the determination and the talent of many breeders and geneticists, the gene pool of valuable and strong wheat varieties has been created. As a result, being formerly a consumer of food wheat, Siberia has now become a region producing high-quality grain for domestic use and sale in the foreign market. The gene pool of spring soft wheat, which is so rich in the volume and quality, has not been studied in full, and not used throughout Siberia. In 2013 – 2015, sixteen valuable and strong varieties of Siberia-bred wheat had been studied in the northern zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. It has been found that the average productivity of the early-ripening Novosibirskaya 16, Tulun 15, and Polyushko varieties over the three years amounted to 2.52 – 2.89 t/ha, and was close to the yield (2.35 – 3.10 t/ha) of the middle-early ripening varieties. In the midseason-ripening group, the Alyoshina and Altayskaya 110 and 325 varieties exceeded the Tyumen-bred standard Lutescens 70 by 0.23 – 0.69 t/ha with the yield of the latter being 2.54 t/ha. In terms of the content and quality of gluten, the following varieties stood out: Iren, Novosibirskaya 15, Tulun 15, Polyushko, Omskaya 36, Skala, Boyevchanka, Pamyati Vavenkova, Tyumenskaya 80, Alyoshina, and Altayskaya 325. In terms of baking properties (3.7 – 4.2 points), the following varieties stood out: Iren, Novosibirskaya 15, 29, 31, Polyushko, Skala, Boyevchanka, Pamyati Vavenkova, Tyumenskaya 80, Tulunskaya 12, and Altayskaya 325, which can be used as the source material for further wheat breeding.

Инкапсуляция порошка рябины обыкновенной (Sorbus aucuparia) полисахаридами растительного происхождения

Introduction. Functional food industry has a stable tendency to use natural plant materials and products. The rowan thrives in Siberian conditions, which makes rowanberries a local raw material of plant origin. The article features the process of encapsulation of bitter plant extracts, which makes it possible to create new functional ingredients.
 Study objects and methods. The plant extract was obtained from the powder of infrared-dried uncultivated rowanberries harvested in the city of Novosibirsk and the Altai Territory in September 2018 and October 2019. The research compared two parallel encapsulation technologies: spray and freeze drying. The encapsulating matrix vs. IR-dried powder ratio was established experimentally. Konjac and guar gum polysaccharides were used as encapsulating membranes. The content of antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamin C, and β-carotene was determined in the IR-dried rowanberry extract and encapsulated powder. A set of experiments made it possible to compile a new formulation of a cottage cheese dessert with encapsulated functional additive. The dessert was tested for various quality indicators that affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the product, i.e. moisture, solids content, sugar content, vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidant capacity, and biologically active flavonoids.
 Results and discussion. Encapsulation significantly improved the sensory properties of the final material. The physicochemical quality assessment showed that a 1:1 dilution of rowan extract with a food polysaccharide did not affect the content of biologically active substances (with a tolerance of 8%). The physical and chemical quality assessment confirmed the functionality of the dessert: it contained > 15% of the daily physiological requirements of vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidants, and flavonoids.
 Conclusion. The paper introduces a novel method of rowan powder encapsulation, which was successfully applied to create a new functional product. The encapsulation technology made it possible to soften the natural bitterness of the raw material. The new functional product demonstrated excellent sensory properties and nutritional value.

A NEW PROMISING VARIETY OF BEANS OF THE SIBERIAN VEGETABLE SELECTION NURSE

A description of a promising new variety of vegetable beans suitable for cultivation in the conditions of the Siberian region is presented. Work on the evaluation of promising samples has been carried out at the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University since 2000; annually, samples are compared with the best varieties of Siberian breeding. A new promising variety F135 (Nurse) was selected, which was transferred to the state variety test. A promising variety of Nursing was bred at the Department of Selection, Genetics and Forestry of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University by individual selection from a hybrid population by crossing highly productive, adaptive, early ripening varieties of German vegetable beans Maxi and Rocquentcant. The data on the evaluation of a promising sample of vegetable beans by qualitative and quantitative parameters are presented. The assessment was carried out in accordance with the recommended methods. The advantages of the new variety Nurse by the main economically valuable characteristics are established in comparison with the standard variety. The sample belongs to the early ripeness group. The period from full germination to technical ripeness is 40 days. A promising sample of the Nurse has high indicators of manufacturability and productivity when grown in Siberian conditions. The variety is characterized by the ease of separation of the green shoulder blade during the period of technical ripeness, the friendly formation of high-quality green beans. The height of the plant reaches 45 cm, and the height of attachment of the lower bean is more than 12 cm. The green shoulder blade is characterized by good taste, parchment layer and fiber in the seam are not formed. Biochemical analysis of the green scapula showed that the promising Nurse grade exceeds the standard for the content of protein, dry matter, ascorbic acid and sugar.

Interrelations between Alien and Native Foliar Fungal Pathogens and Woody Plants in Siberia

This article presents the results of 15-year observations of alien and native foliar fungal pathogens and woody plants in Siberian arboreta and urban ecosystems and discusses the possibility of using these data to determine how the pathogenic mycobiota of woody species was formed under Siberian conditions. In total, 121 species of pathogenic micromycetes affecting the leaves of woody plants in botanical gardens and city and belonging to 2 divisions, 14 orders, and 46 genera have been revealed. Most of these species belong to the Ascomycota division (86.8%). The Basidiomycota division is represented by fungi from the order Pucciniales. Among all observed pathogens, 21 species belong to powdery mildew fungi, 15 species belong to rust fungi, and 84 species represent anamorphic fungi. A study of 108 woody plant species growing in Siberian cities has revealed 101 species of leaf pathogens, while 158 woody plant species growing in arboreta have been inhabited by 105 pathogen species. All fungal species revealed during this study, except for three species (Mycopappus alni, Venturia acerina, and Phyllosticta westendorpii), have been observed in Siberia earlier. However, some fungus–host plant associations are apparently new to science, suggesting that complexes of cryptic species differing in their host range and geographic range may occur. The main sources for tree mycobiota formation in Siberia include the invasion of pathogens together with alien plant species, the transition of pathogens from native to alien plant species, the enhancement of a pathogenicity of saprotrophic fungi, and the expansion of fungi onto new hosts. The majority of pathogens (65−75% of the total number of revealed fungi) locate on native plants. Alien plants are infected mainly by (native) pathogens. Only eight pathogen species have been introduced in Siberia with alien plants; three of them originate from the Far East (Cercospora gotoana, Phyllosticta phellodendricola, and Erysiphe palczewskii), while five are of European origin (Cladosporium syringae, Phyllosticta vincae-minoris, Erysiphe syringae, Erysiphe alphitoides, and Erysiphe berberidis). In Siberia, the lateness of phenological phases of plants originating from mild climatic zones, may be favorable for the development of fungal pathogens, such as Erysiphe alphitoides, causing the powdery mildew of oak trees.

Association of canopy temperature depression with yield and morphological traits of spring soft wheat under Siberian conditions

The method of infrared thermometry is widely used in the world to diagnose drought tolerance of crops. However, in Russia the measurement of Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has not yet been carried out. The aim of the study was to measure CTD and consider the possibility of using this trait to assess spring soft wheat varieties when growing in the Altai Territory (South-Western Siberia of Russia). The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 using 36 varieties of spring soft wheat in the vegetative stage and 14 varieties in the grain filling stage, respectively. Significant differences between the varieties for CTD values in both years of the study were established. There was no reliable correlation between CTD and most of agronomic traits of the studied genotypes. CTD also did not significantly correlate with grain yields in neither 2017 nor 2018 (r=0.31; r=-0.14, respectively). However, we found a reliable correlation of the trait with the plant height in 2018 (r=0.83). This may explain the wide distribution of tall varieties in Siberia. If drought occurs before heading, when the plants are oppressed and do not close the canopy, the use of infrared thermometry is difficult throughout the growing season, since the measurement error increases significantly. In Siberia, this method is suitable only in the conditions of mild droughts or when using the steam precursor in wheat cultivation.