Sialic Acid Levels In Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of L-fucose and Sialic Acid Levels in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Control Subject

Background: Currently, glycans, which are known as functional molecules in the biological system, are being under study as potential cancer markers. This study aimed to determine the level of serum L-fucose and sialic acid as the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: The patients with CRC (n=40, 20 men and 20 women) participated in the present study. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure the levels of L-fucose and sialic acid in the serum of the patients. SPSS (version 21) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The mean ± SD L-fucose level in patients with CRC was 27.46 ± 4.8 ng/mL, which was more than this level in the healthy control group (18.64±3.1 ng/mL). Also, the mean ± SD serum concentration of sialic acid in patients with CRC was 2.1 ± 0.41 ng/mL, which was more than the mean ± SD sialic acid level of 1.23±0.21 ng/mL in the healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum concentration of L-fucose and sialic acid increased significantly (P < 0.05) in patients with CRC compared with the healthy controls. We believe that determining serum L-fucose and sialic acid levels could be useful for the detection of CRC patients in the early stage.

Estimation of Serum and Salivary Sialic Acid Level in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Sialic acid is a glycoprotein that is considered as an important constituent of cell membrane. Altered glycosylation is one of the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. Several studies in past have shown that changes in serum and salivary sialic acid levels in cancer patients correlate well with tumor burden. Some of the findings suggested that sialic acid levels could be elevated in cancer patients before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study is to estimate serum and salivary sialic acid level in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and correlate their level with the histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
 Methods: Blood and saliva samples were collected from 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 50 healthy subjects. Serum and salivary sialic acid levels in both free and protein bound forms were measured spectrophotometrically. This was correlated with histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.
 Results: A statistically significant rise in serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted in OSCC subjects compared to the controls. Furthermore, significant difference in both serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted between well and poorly differentiated OSCC.
 Conclusions: Our report suggests that sialic acid is a valuable biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It may be used to assess the histological grading of oral cancer and predict the disease outcome and response to the therapy.

Assessment of total sialic acid levels in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum: a preliminary study

To determine the levels of serum total sialic acid (TSA) in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and their gestational age-matched controls. Thirty pregnant women with HG, and 30 healthy pregnant women at up to 14 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this preliminary study. Total sialic acid levels in maternal serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich ELISA method. We observed statistically significant difference in TSA levels between HG and the control groups (p = .003). The identification of the role of SA in the prediction, diagnosis and follow-up of HG warrants more comprehensive studies in the future.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? The derivatives of neuraminic acid are collectively referred to as sialic acid (SA). Changes in SA levels are known to trigger various conditions and disorders, including inflammatory, cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine diseases. Although a sensitive test capable of identifying hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) would be useful for diagnosis purposes, such a test is currently not available. Studies focussing on identifying new potential indicators and biomarkers for HG – as well as identifying their relevance in establishing diagnosis and assessing disease severity – would not only assist in elucidating the underlying causes of this condition but would also contribute to the development of new diagnostic tests for HG.What the results of this study add? Total sialic acid levels are significantly higher in sera of the patients with HG. The present study is the first in the literature to assess total sialic acid levels in patients with HG and healthy pregnant women before 14 weeks of gestation.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Total sialic acid levels could give an idea to clinicians in the etiopathogenesis of HG. The identification of the role of sialic acid in the prediction, diagnosis and follow-up of HG warrants more comprehensive studies in the future.

Levels of paraoxonase, high-density lipoprotein and total sialic acid levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Paraoxonase (PON1) have been considered to have a role in various pathological processes, including inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease and recently also in ovarian dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate relation high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels and PON1 activity and total sialic acid status (TSA) levels in serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy individuals. Twenty PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 20 healthy nonhyperandrogenic women (control group) were studied in the current study. Levels of HDL, TSA, and activity of PON1 were measured in serum of PCOS patients. Levels of PON1 activity and level of HDL were significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group. TSA levels were higher in the PCOS group than the control group. There was also a significant correlation between the parameters and syndrome initiation. In conclusion, patients with PCOS had high level of PON1. It might be hypothesized that elevated serum TSA, HDL and PON1 may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in PCOS and/or menstrual irregularities associated with this syndrome.

Evaluation of sialic acid levels in patients with hydatidiform mole: a preliminary study

Purpose of investigation: This study aims to investigate whether hydatidiform mole (HM) disease with malignant potential is significantly associated with increased sialic acid (SA) levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 women were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into three groups including HM (Group 1, n=34), control group including non-pregnant healthy patients (Group 2, n=42), and another control group including healthy pregnant patients within 12 weeks of gestation (Group 3, n=38). Serum-free SA levels were measured. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in serum-free SA levels among the groups (p ≤ 0.001). Patients with HM had significantly higher levels compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The present study results showed that there was a significant correlation between HM and serum SA level.

Evaluation of some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid before and after chemotherapy in stomach cancer

Objective:  It was aimed to compare the some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid levels in patients with stomach cancer before and after chemotherapy to the healthy controls. Material and Methods:  Forty-eight patients with stomach adenocarcinoma and 20 healthy controls, totally 68 subjects were used. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after chemotherapy and controls to analyse the levels of tumor markers (CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA), acute phase proteins (CRP and fibrinogen) and SA (sialic acid), LSA (lipid bound sialic acid). Results:  Before chemotherapy the serum levels of CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA SA, LSA, CRP and fibrinogen (107.30 U/ml, 65.74 U/ml, 295.86 U/ml, 108.57 ng/ml, 199.60 mg/dl, 41.89 mg/dl, 86.03 mg/l and 469.42 mg/dl ) were higher than after chemotherapy group (36.46 U/ml, 34.00 U/ml, 100.18 U/ml, 20.20 ng/ml, 87.67 mg/dl, 31.06 mg/dl, 57.04 mg/l and 379.04 mg/dl) and the controls (8.64 U/ml, 21.65 U/ml, 21.52 U/ml, 2.77 ng/ml, 73.75 mg/dl, 27.47 mg/dl, 2.37 mg/l, 303.5 mg/dl). Conclusion:  The serum levels of SA and LSA may be considered the indicators of poor/good prognosis of stomach cancer. CRP and fibrinogen are suggested as available biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with stomach cancer.

Estimation of salivary sialic acid in oral premalignancy and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims:Oral cancer is the most life-threatening disease of oral tissues. In societies where the incidence of oral cancer is high, clinically recognizable premalignant lesions are particularly common. Diagnosing oral cancers at an early stage is critical in improving the survival rate and reducing the morbidity associated with the disease. Alterations in the sialic acid levels in cancer patients have stimulated interest in this sugar residue as a possible tumor marker.Settings and Design:The purpose of this study was to estimate the salivary sialic acid levels in patients with oral premalignancy and squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate it with their grades to develop a cost-effective and noninvasive diagnostic parameter.Materials and Methods:Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from the groups under study and subjected to biochemical analysis for determination of sialic acid levels.Statistical Analysis Used:The salivary sialic acid levels were correlated with the clinical stage and histological grade by one-way ANOVA (SPSS software version 15).Results:Salivary sialic acid was elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to oral premalignancy and control group. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the grades of squamous cell carcinoma, grades of dysplasia in premalignancy, and sialic acid level.Conclusion and Clinical Significance:Evaluation of salivary sialic acid levels in premalignant and malignant lesions can serve as a screening tool. The mortality and morbidity of OSCC can be reduced if the lesions are diagnosed in early precancerous states using such noninvasive diagnostic methods for screening and monitoring of the population.

Plasma Myeloperoxidase and Total Sialic Acid as Prognostic Indicators in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation play important role in the destabilization of plaques leading to ACS. Markers which reflect this pathophysiologic mechanism may have prognostic value. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Sialic acid are markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Both these markers are increased in patients with ACS. Their prognostic value in ACS is not well established. To analyse the prognostic value of plasma myeloperoxidase and total sialic acid levels in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. A prospective study was conducted on 93 consecutively admitted patients with chest pain from July 2011 to September 2011. Plasma MPO and total sialic acid levels on admission were estimated spectrophotometrically. These were compared with extent of disease, development of complications during the hospital stay, left ventricular ejection fraction and mean duration of stay in hospital. Plasma MPO and total sialic acid levels were significantly higher in patients with myocardial infarction than those with unstable and stable angina (p<0.001 and p<0.007 respectively). The levels of plasma MPO and sialic acid levels were significantly higher in patients who developed complications like heart failure, arrhythmias, renal failure during their stay in hospital (p<0.011 and p<0.006 respectively). Ejection fraction was significantly low in patients with high MPO levels (p<0.011). In patients with ACS, plasma MPO and total sialic acid levels on admission could predict the development of complications during their hospital stay. MPO levels correlated with ejection fraction in patients with ACS.

Evaluation of some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid before and after chemotherapy in stomach cancer

Objective: It was aimed to compare the some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid levels in patients with stomach cancer before and after chemotherapy to the healthy controls. Material and Methods: Forty-eight patients with stomach adenocarcinoma and 20 healthy controls, totally 68 subjects were used. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after chemotherapy and controls to analyse the levels of tumor markers (CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA), acute phase proteins (CRP and fibrinogen) and SA (sialic acid), LSA (lipid bound sialic acid). Results: Before chemotherapy the serum levels of CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA SA, LSA, CRP and fibrinogen (107.30 U/ml, 65.74 U/ml, 295.86 U/ml, 108.57 ng/ml, 199.60 mg/dl, 41.89 mg/dl, 86.03 mg/l and 469.42 mg/dl ) were higher than after chemotherapy group (36.46 U/ml, 34.00 U/ml, 100.18 U/ml, 20.20 ng/ml, 87.67 mg/dl, 31.06 mg/dl, 57.04 mg/l and 379.04 mg/dl) and the controls (8.64 U/ml, 21.65 U/ml, 21.52 U/ml, 2.77 ng/ml, 73.75 mg/dl, 27.47 mg/dl, 2.37 mg/l, 303.5 mg/dl). Conclusion: The serum levels of SA and LSA may be considered the indicators of poor/good prognosis of stomach cancer. CRP and fibrinogen are suggested as available biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with stomach cancer.

Evaluation of Sialic acid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sialic acid-rich glycoprotein is found mainly in cell membranes, and elevated levels may indicate excessive cell membrane damage, but more specifically for cells of vascular tissue. Serum total Sialic acid is a marker of the acute phase response. Elevated levels have also been associated with cardiovascular disease especially in Type 2 diabetic subjects. The relation between type2 diabetes mellitus compared to the nondiabetics is not clear. The current study represents association between Sialic acid and cardiovascular disease is stronger in diabetics than in non-diabetic subjects.

Total and lipid bound sialic acid levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

To evaluate serum total and lipid bound sialic acid (TSA&LBSA) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Forty women with PCOS and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum TSA, LBSA, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, estradiol, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, free testosterone, total testosterone, 17-OH progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin, cortisol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were measured in each subject. Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting insulin level, fasting glucose: insulin ratio and 75-g glucose tolerance test for 2 hours. Serum TSA levels were not significantly different between the groups. Serum LBSA levels were higher in patients with PCOS compared to the control group. TSA was correlated with androstenedione and HOMA-IR in the PCOS group. Positive correlations were found between LBSA and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in patients with PCOS. After correction for BMI, the only existing significant correlation was between LBSA and follicle stimulating hormone. Serum LBSA levels, which has previously been found to be higher in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, are elevated in PCOS.

Serum and erythrocyte membrane sialic acid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis and a methodological evaluation

Objectives: Aim of this study was to investigate serum and erythrocyte membrane total sialic acid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis and demonstrate any correlation between total sialic acid and disease activity score and other inflammation variables. Material and methods: Serum total sialic acid and erythrocyte membrane sialic acid levels were measured in 24 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 ankylosing spondylitis patients and 24 healthy controls as well as serum C-reactive protein, anticyclic citrullinated peptide, rheumatoid factor, alkaline phophatase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and compared with activity of the diseases. Results: Serum total sialic acid levels of patient groups were statistically higher than control group (p<0.05). Serum total sialic acid levels in rheumatoid arthritis were significantly higher than the ankylosing spondylitis patients (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups for erythrocyte membrane sialic acid. Significant correlation was found between serum total sialic acid and serum C-reactive protein in both groups (r=0.411, r=0.825); correlation between serum total sialic acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found only in ankylosing spondylitis group (r=0.515). There was a significantly negative correlation between erythrocyte membrane sialic acid and serum C-reactive protein in ankylosing spondylitis group (r =-0.570). Conclusion: Serum total sialic acid is a useful diagnostic tool as an inflammatory parameter and can be used in the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Increased Serum Sialic Acid Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Increased Serum Sialic Acid Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Preliminary Study Showing the Relationship Between Platelet Fibronectin, Sialic Acid, and ADP-induced Aggregation Levels in Coronary Heart Disease

Several studies indicate that thrombosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Fibronectin is a multifunctional protein in plasma, other body fluids, and cell surface and plays an important role in platelet functions, including mediation of cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. Sialic acid is a regular constituent of glycoproteins and gangliozides in the outer cell membrane of mammalian cells. Therefore, the sialic acid content of platelets, which are characterized by their ability to aggregate with each other, can be important in leading to thrombus formation. In this study, platelet fibronectin, sialic acid-, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation levels were determined in patients with CHD. Platelet sialic acid concentrations were determined by Warren's method. Platelet aggregation tests with ADP in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were analyzed by use of an aggregometer. Platelet homogenate fibronectin levels were determined by ELISA. Total protein levels were determined by Lowry method. Our results indicate that, in patients with no vessel disease (patients with no obstructed vessel but suffering from chest pain, like angina pectoris) platelet fibronectin levels were significantly lower than the total of the other patients (patients with 1, 2, or 3 obstructed coronary vessels) (p<0.05). Sialic acid levels in patients with no vessel disease were significantly lower than the total of the patient group (p<0.05). There was significant (+) correlation between platelet aggregation, platelet fibronectin, platelet sialic acid, and severity of disease (p<0.05). Our preliminary findings suggest that, especially platelet fibronectin levels potentially represent a pathogenic factor for CHD.

Correlation between the Serum Values of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Total Sialic Acid Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate serum total sialic acid (TSA) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels in breast cancer patients to find a correlation with the cancer stage. Methods: The parameters from sera of 61 patients with breast cancer were measured. The concentrations of serum sICAM-1 and TSA were measured in serum samples from 61 patients with breast cancer and 25 healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunoassay and thiobarbituric acid method. Results: Mean serum sICAM-1 and TSA levels were significantly higher in the total patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Thus, the correlation between TSA and sICAM-1 became more significant in metastatic breast cancer. There were significant positive correlations between TSA and sICAM-1 in stage I+II (r = 0.59, p < 0.05), stage III (r = 0.47, p < 0.05), and stage IV (r = 0.89, p < 0.01), and total patient group (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: SerumsICAM-1 and TSA levels were higher in patients with breast cancer, than that of the control group, and also in the metastatic breast cancer group. Significant correlations between serum sICAM-1 and TSA may reflect the similar function of these molecules as adhesion molecules, and their roles in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer as well as metastasis.

Comparative study of total protein, and total and lipid-associated serum sialic acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum total protein (TP), total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA), LSA/TP, and LSA/TP values in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Two study groups (healthy controls and type 2 DM subjects) were examined. For the type 2 DM group, 120 patients (60 females and 60 males) who had been diagnosed and treated for type 2 DM in the Yuzuncu Yil University Hospital, Van, Turkey, were selected consecutively. Forty healthy individuals (20 females and 20 males) were selected from hospital staff and other outpatient clinics to serve as the control group. They were matched for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. None of the participants had taken vitamin or mineral supplements for at least 2 weeks before sampling. To determine serum glucose, TP, TSA, and LSA levels, blood samples were drawn after all of the subjects fasted overnight. It was found that diabetics had higher TSA, LSA, TSA/TP, and LSA/TP levels than controls. However, the TP levels were not significantly different between the groups. Our results showed that TSA, LSA, TSA/TP, and LSA/TP have interactive connections with DM. These parameters can be used as a diagnostic index for patients with DM.

Association between serum total and lipid-bound sialic acid concentration and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Serum total sialic acid has recently been shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor. Increased levels of this substance are associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and with cerebrovascular disease. It has also been shown that serum concentrations of total and lipid-associated sialic acid are significantly increased in hypertriglyceridemia. On the other hand, several circulating lipoproteins have been suggested to be related to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, but contradictory results have been reported in the possible relationship between the concentrations of sialic acid and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum total sialic acid concentration, recently shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor, and serum lipid-bound sialic acid concentration and the severity of coronary lesions. The study comprised 90 subjects, divided into three subgroups according to angiography results: 30 patients with no vessel disease, 30 patients with single-vessel disease, and 30 patients with double/triple-vessel disease. Serum total sialic acid determination was carried out with the thiobarbituric acid method of Warren; lipid-associated sialic acid was assayed with the method of Katopodis. Mean serum total sialic acid levels in patients with single-vessel disease (P <.05) and patients with double/triple-vessel disease (P <.001) were found to be significantly increased compared with that in patients with no vessel disease, whereas mean serum lipid-bound sialic acid levels were found to be significantly different between patients with double- or triple-vessel disease and patients with no vessel disease (P <.001). We also noted a significant difference between the levels of serum total sialic acid (P <.001) and lipid-bound sialic acid (P <.001) in patients with single-vessel disease and patients with double/triple-vessel disease. We found a significant correlation only between serum lipid-bound sialic acid and coronary angiographic score in patients with double/triple-vessel disease (r = 0.425, P <.05). Although the concentration of serum total sialic acid is increased proportionally with the number of diseased coronary arteries, only the concentration of serum lipid-bound sialic acid is related to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, especially in patients with double/triple-vessel disease. (J Lab Clin Med 2002;140:110-8)

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for August 2002

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for August 2002

Serum and platelet sialic acid in acute myocardial infarction

Blood samples from 39 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 15 healthy controls were analysed for serum and platelet sialic acid. Serum sialic acid levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than controls (mean 2.7±0.46 μmol/ml Vs. 1.91±0.17 μmol/ml respectively). Levels of serum orosomucoid, an acute phase reactant, containing sialic acid, were also higher in these patients, suggesting a possible non-specific mechanism of increase in serum sialic acid concentration. In contrast, platelets contained significantly less sialic acid in patients with acute myocardial infarction than control (26.73±1.57 nmol/mg protein and 31.97±2.68 nmol/mg protein respectively).

Serum sialic acid levels in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy

Serum sialic acid levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid method in 80 healthy subjects and in 40 patients with benign and 61 with malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. It was shown that the cancer group had statistically higher sialic acid levels than control group and the group with benign disease ( P < .05), but no significant difference was noted between the normal control group and the patients with benign tumor ( P > .05). Serum sialic acid levels were significantly higher in the patients with stages III and IV cancer than in those individuals with stage I and II cancer, but no differences were seen between stages I and II, and between stages III and IV cancer patients ( P > .05). There was also no difference when considering the anatomic site of the malignant lesion. Furthermore, during the serial sialic acid determination in cancer patients before and following treatment, the sialic acid levels usually declined with remission of the disease and increased with recurrence, metastasis, or a poor prognosis. We conclude from this study that the sequential measurement of sialic acid level is particularly useful in monitoring patients with oral cancer, and sialic acid may prove to be a valuable tumor marker in oral and maxillofacial malignancy.