Short Study Time Research Articles

Deep learning reconstruction of diffusion-weighted brain MRI for evaluation of patients with acute neurologic symptoms

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate whether the deep-learning (DL) accelerated diffusion weighted image (DWI) is clinically feasible for evaluating patients with acute neurologic symptoms, regarding its shorter study time and acceptable image quality. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, brain images obtained at DWI with a b-value of 0 s/mm2 and DWI with a b-value of 1000 s/mm2 (DWI 1000) from 321 consecutive patients with acute stroke-like symptom were reconstructed with and without DL algorithm. We compare the diagnostic performance between DL-DWI and conventional DWI for detecting brain lesions, including acute infarction. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of conventional DWI and DL-DWI and compared the results. Qualitative analysis based on image quality was assessed and compared using a five-point visual scoring system. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) from DWI with and without DL were also compared. Results: The mean acquisition time for the DL-DWI (49 s) was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) than conventional DWI (165 s). Both DWI with and without DL showed similar performance in diagnosing brain lesions especially sensitivity (98.8% in both DWI and DL-DWI) and specificity (99.5% in both DWI and DL-DWI). Overall image quality, gray-white matter and deep gray matter differentiation of two sequences were similar. DL DWI showed more artifacts than DWI. Lesion conspicuity, especially smaller than 5 mm, was better with DL DWI than conventional DWI (p = 0.03). ADC values of white matter, deep gray matter, and pons with DL were lower than conventional DWI. Conclusions: Compared to conventional DWI, DL-DWI achieved comparable image quality and brain lesion visualization for acute neurological symptoms, with a significantly shorter scan time.

Pemanfaatan Waktu Belajar Siswa Di Luar Jam Sekolah Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Keagamaan

This research is based on the relatively short study time of students. Therefore, to optimize or utilize spare time, activities are needed that can develop students' personalities in terms of morality, worship, and achievement. One of the informal institutions based on Islamic boarding school that has utilized spare time is the Paqusatta Islamic boarding school, located in the North Sangatta district, Kutai Timur regency. The adapted research method we used is a qualitative field method involving data collection, observation, and interviews. The utilization of students' study time outside of school hours through Islamic boarding school activities has significant objectives in education, especially in shaping character with morality and achievement. Therefore, this research aims to explore ways to utilize students' study time outside of school hours through Islamic boarding school activities to shape students' moral and high-achieving characters. This research uses a qualitative approach to collect data, relationships, cause and effect, and factors influencing the utilization of spare time in students. The aim is to determine the methods used by teachers in utilizing students' spare time, exemplified through religious activities and the implementation of extracurricular programs in Islamic boarding school, aiming to enhance the utilization of spare time in shaping moral and high-achieving characters in students.

Real-World Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (LBL) Who Initiated an Asparaginase Treatment after the Approval of Recombinant Erwinia (Rylaze)

Introduction Recombinant Erwinia (Rylaze or JZP458) was approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 30, 2021, for use as a component of a multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) in adult and pediatric patients 1 month and older who developed hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived asparaginase. There is currently limited evidence on the use of recombinant Erwinia outside of a clinical trial setting. Methods This retrospective, descriptive study used a US open claims dataset from Symphony Health. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment patterns among patients diagnosed with ALL/LBL who initiated an asparaginase treatment in the post-Rylaze approval time frame (July 1, 2021-January 31, 2023). Index date was defined as the first date of receiving an asparaginase treatment. Patients in this study were required to have an ALL/LBL diagnosis within 365 days prior to index date, and at least 1 medical or pharmacy claim 365 days prior to and after the index. Four asparaginase molecules were included in this study, 2 Erwinia-derived - recombinant Erwinia(Rylaze) and native Erwinia (Erwinaze), and 2 E. coli-derived - pegaspargase (Oncaspar) and calaspargase pegol-mknl (Asparlas). Patients entered cohort A when they initiated their first asparaginase. Cohort B included a subset of cohort A patients who received a second different asparaginase. Patients were followed up until index treatment discontinuation, 365 days of follow-up, or January 31, 2023 (end of data), whichever came first. Descriptive statistics were used to report patient characteristics and treatment patterns. No statistical comparisons were conducted in the analyses. Results Cohort A (n=1,495) included 1,370 (91.6%) pegaspargase, 85 (5.7%) recombinant Erwinia, 28 (1.9%) calaspargase, and 12 (0.8%) native Erwinia-treated patients. Among patients aged ≥18 years (n=350), 319 (91.1%), 28 (8.0%), and 3 (0.9%) patients initiated pegaspargase, recombinant Erwinia, and native Erwinia as the first asparaginase, respectively (Figure 1). Among pegaspargase- and calaspargase-treated patients, 32.2% and 10.7% developed a hypersensitivity reaction (HSR), respectively; also, 11.7% and 14.3% switched to recombinant Erwinia, respectively. The 3 most common comorbidities at baseline among patients in cohort A were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9.5%), obesity (10.2%), and liver disease (7.8%) and in patients specific to recombinant Erwinia were obesity (14.1%), liver disease (11.8%), and diabetes (9.4%). Cohort B (n=203), representing 13.6% of patients in cohort A who started a second asparaginase treatment, included 168 (82.8%) recombinant Erwinia, 19 (9.4%) calaspargase, 13 (6.4%) native Erwinia, and 3 (1.5%) pegaspargase-treated patients. Near half (46.8%) of cohort B patients had an HSR after they initiated an E. coli-derived asparaginase before they switched to the second asparaginase. Of the patients who switched to recombinant Erwinia, most were &amp;lt;18 years old (n=139, 82.8% [Figure 2]). The top 3 comorbidities at baseline among all patients in cohort B were same as cohort A. Of patients in cohort B, the majority (78.8%) switched from pegaspargase to recombinant Erwinia. Within this subgroup, a 1:6 dose replacement ratio was observed within 21 days of the switch with administrations most common on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Discussion/Conclusions This observational study describes treatment patterns of asparaginase in patients with ALL/LBL in the 18 months after the approval of recombinant Erwinia. The majority of initial asparaginase was pegaspargase, with recombinant Erwinia as the second asparaginase. However, recombinant Erwinia was observed as the initial treatment in 5.7% of patients, with nearly one-third of those patients being ≥18 years of age. Recombinant Erwinia dosing usage appeared to align with the dosing schedule (Monday/Wednesday/Friday) approved by the FDA in November 2022 with 1 dose of pegaspargase replaced with 6 doses of recombinant Erwinia. Limitations of this study included the nature of the database used, containing mostly outpatient data, and the relatively short study time frame. Future studies with additional data are needed to fully understand the real-world asparaginase use patterns in these patient populations.

Multi-analytical techniques to study changes in carbon and nitrogen forms in a tomato-cultivated soil treated with biochar and biostimulants

Agro-environmental applications of biochar and biochar in combination with biostimulants require a full understanding of the mobility and fate of the carbon and nitrogen fractions in soils. The effects of biochar and biostimulants on forms of nitrogen and carbon in soil during a field-scale incubation were investigated by a multi-analytical approach. This study was conducted on a tomato-cultivated agricultural land treated with low doses of biochar (about 0.1%) and different biostimulants: Micosat F®, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), or a consortium of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp., and a nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Consortium B). Forms of carbon and nitrogen and their mobility before, during, and after tomato growth, were studied with different techniques including elemental analysis, adsorption and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and a column leaching test. Due to the low load of biochar and the short study time, elemental analyses might not be sensitive enough to determine C and N variation in the soil. Based on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen forms, the treatments with biochar and biostimulants affected the mobility of these elements with an overall decrease at the end of tomato growth. The organic carbon is mainly ascribable to humic and fulvic acids, as indicated by spectroscopic analysis. The leaching column test demonstrated that cumulative leached C is about one order of magnitude lower than the DOC. In addition, simulated rain cycles profoundly affected their leaching, so it is important to design leaching tests based on local and seasonal weather conditions. In short, positive effects were observed in the marketable production of tomato when soil was treated with biochar combined with a mixture of biostimulants.

Persepsi Mahasiswa Prodi PAI Angkatan 2022 terhadap Mata Kuliah Tashih Tilawah Al-Qur’an

The Quran is the most important source of Islamic law, Islamic education study program is one of the study programs that dominantly interacts with the Quran. but of course it becomes a problem if students of the Islamic education study program are unable to read the Quran, therefore a Tashhih Recitation of the Quran course is held to overcome this problem. However, Islamic education study program students have different responses and views on this subject. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the positive and negative perceptions of students towards the Tashhih Recitation of the Qur'an course. The method used is a qualitative research method, with data sources obtained through interviews with the heads of Islamic education study programs, supporting lecturers and students. To obtain the results of the interviews, use interview guidelines as a research instrument. In addition, data was also obtained through documentation. For data analysis techniques in the form of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The findings in this study are; First, the positive perception of Islamic education study program students class of 2022 regarding the Tashhih Recitation of the Quran course includes: a) the Tashhih Recitation of the Quran course as a place for learning the Quran. b) learning Tashhih Recitations of the Quran means fulfilling obligations towards the Koran. c) learning Tashhih Recitations of the Quran improves the quality of reading the Quran. d) learning Tashhih Recitations of the Quran to avoid changes in meaning and meaning when reading the Quran. The two positive perceptions of Islamic Religion Study Program students class of 2022 regarding the Tashhih Recitation of the Quran include: a) the learning methods used do not vary. b) study schedule is not fixed. c) short study time. d) the capacity of students is too much.

Temporal patterns of sleep and eating among children during school closure in Japan due to COVID-19 pandemic: associations with lifestyle behaviours and dietary intake.

To identify temporal patterns of sleep and eating among school-age children during school closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine their associations with lifestyle behaviours and dietary intake. In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires were used to assess sleep and eating times, lifestyle behaviours and dietary intake during school closure. Latent class analysis was performed to identify temporal patterns of sleep and eating based on self-reported clock times for wake-up, going to bed and eating meals. Lifestyle behaviours and dietary intake were compared between latent classes. Forty-eight primary and secondary schools in Japan. Totally, 6220 children (aged 8-15 years). Four patterns, labelled 'Very early (20 % of children)', 'Early (24 %)', 'Late (30 %)' and 'Very late (26 %),' were identified and ordered according to the circadian timing. Latter patterns were characterised by later timings of sleep and eating, especially in clock times for wake-up, breakfast and lunch compared with earlier patterns. Children with latter patterns had a less physically active lifestyle, longer screen time (≥4 h/d), shorter study time (<2 h/d) and more frequent skipping of breakfast and lunch than those with earlier patterns. In addition, children with latter patterns had lower intakes of several vitamins, vegetables, fruits, fish and shellfish and dairy products and higher intakes of sugar and confectionaries and sweetened beverages. More than half of the participants had later wake-up, breakfast and lunch during school closure, which was associated with more unfavourable lifestyles and dietary intakes.

IPS TEACHER RECEPTION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING (PTM) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Face-to-face learning (PTM) during the pandemic does not provide comfort for students and social studies teachers in learning at school. Learning requires students and teachers to strictly carry out PROKES, from wearing masks to not being allowed to gather. In addition to students, teachers face the same problem when required to complete curriculum targets (emergency) with shorter study times. The aims of this study are to (1) describe the implementation of learning during a pandemic; (2) the constraints experienced during the implementation of PTM during the pandemic; (3) Implementation of PTM which is expected to overcome the obstacles faced during the pandemic. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers and students in the city of Banjarmasin as many as 37 people. Structured interviews were conducted via google form. Data were analyzed by following the Miles and Huberman models. This article concludes that the choice of learning methods with PTM in the midst of a pandemic, according to students the most important thing is that it is easier to accept lessons and more effective communication with fellow friends and teachers. Social studies teachers are easier to condition the class so that the material that has been prepared is easier to convey. The main obstacle for PTM is the shorter study time so that the curriculum targets are difficult to achieve. Second, the difficulty of communicating between students and teachers because they have to carry out strict PROKES both in the use of masks and prohibition of gathering. This study recommends a more comprehensive investigation of the implementation of PTM in order to find the right formulation for the implementation of PTM to run effectively.

The Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds and Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Fused-Silica Lined Canisters, Polyvinyl Fluoride/Tedlar Bags, and Foil-Lined Bags

Accurate and precise monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) is critical to protect individuals against occupational and environmental exposure. Whole-air sampling containers are commonly employed in monitoring, such as fused-silica lined (FSL) canisters, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) bags, and foil-lined bags. However, these containers have not yet been fully validated, and previous recovery studies are weakened by contradictory findings, short study time, no humidified samples, and unfeasibly high concentrations of VOCs and VSCs. This study evaluated FSL canisters, PVF bags, and foil-lined bags for the recovery of VOCs and VSCs over a period of 20 and 14 days, respectively. This recovery evaluation aimed to quantify the recovery over time of 64 VOCs and 14 VSCs at practical concentrations in the previously specified containers. To better represent field samples, sample containers were prepared at a relative humidity (RH) of 40%, with each set prepared at a “high” (20 ppb for VOCs and 500 ppb for VSCs) and “low” concentration (1 ppb for VOCs and 7 ppb for VSCs). Containers were analyzed intermittently throughout the evaluation period, and sample results were modeled using a first-order natural decay model. From the findings, modeling constants were determined by regression, and a majority (70%) of VOC and VSC models were found to be a good fit (R2 > 0.8). PVF bags were found to have higher recoveries for many VSCs than foil-lined bags, and were stable for periods similar to or longer than previously believed. FSL canisters showed a full recovery (>90%) for all VOCs and VSCs over the entire length of the evaluation (20 days for VOCs, 14 days for VSCs). Foil-lined bags were found to have lower recoveries for all VSCs compared to PVF bags.

P–732 Maternal over-the-counter analgesics use during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: cohort study of 151,141 singleton pregnancies

Abstract Study question Is in utero exposure to five over-the-counter (non-prescription) analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, diclofenac, naproxen) associated with offspring health outcomes? Summary answer Consumption of over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy, either as single compounds or in combinations, is significantly associated with a variety of adverse offspring health outcomes. What is known already A high percentage of pregnant women use over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy globally. Some of these compounds such as paracetamol are considered safe to use, while contraindications exist for others, such as NSAIDs use beyond gestational week 30. Current evidence regarding the safety of use during pregnancy in humans is largely conflicting. Results from many published human studies on the topic suffer from limitations including use of small cohorts, short study time or failure to adjust for important confounders. These may explain conflicting results that cause significant concern regarding evidence-based prenatal guidance on use during pregnancy. Study design, size, duration Retrospective cohort study using the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank. Data from 151,141 singleton pregnancies over 30 years (between 1985 and 2015) were used. Consumption of paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, diclofenac and naproxen during pregnancy was recorded in medical notes of each woman. In our analysis, the control group was pregnancies where no analgesic was consumed, and the exposure groups included pregnancies with over-the-counter analgesic consumption either in combinations or as single compound use. Participants/materials, setting, methods Maternal baseline characteristics were compared using χ2 tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney for continuous variables (significance at &amp;lt; 0.05). Premature delivery, stillbirth, neonatal death, baby weight, neonatal unit admission, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, neural tube defects, amniotic band defects, gastroschisis, and, in males only, hypospadias and cryptorchidism, were the outcomes assessed. Crude (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression to control for confounders. Main results and the role of chance The overall prevalence of over-the-counter analgesics use during pregnancy was 29.1%, increasing over the 30-year study period, to over 60% of women in the last seven years of the study. 83.7% of those women reported first trimester use when specifically asked at their first antenatal clinic visit. Pregnancies exposed to at least one of the five analgesics were independently associated with increased risks for premature delivery &amp;lt;37 weeks (aOR=1.50, 95%CI 1.43–1.58), stillbirth (aOR=1.33, 95%CI 1.15–1.54), neonatal death (aOR=1.56, 95%CI 1.27–1.93), birthweight &amp;lt;2,500g (aOR=1.28, 95%CI 1.20–1.37), birthweight &amp;gt;4,000g (aOR=1.09, 95%CI 1.05–1.13), admission to neonatal unit (aOR=1.57, 95%CI 1.51–1.64), APGAR score &amp;lt;7 at 1 minute (aOR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13–1.23) and 5 minutes (aOR=1.48, 95%CI 1.35–1.62), neural tube defects (aOR=1.64, 95%CI 1.08–2.47) and hypospadias (aOR=1.27, 95%CI 1.05–1.54 males only). ). Associations of paracetamol alone with high birth weight, neural tube defects and hypospadias were not significant in the adjusted analysis. Diclofenac consumption was associated with significantly decreased odds of stillbirth (aOR=0.59, 95%CI 0.41–0.87). Limitations, reasons for caution Our data were based on medical notes; however, consumption is self-reported, and details on the timing, dosage, product type (single-ingredient vs combination) and administration type were not available in the database. Our study only considered neonatal health outcomes and longer-term follow-up of the offspring was not available at this time. Wider implications of the findings: This is one of the largest and most comprehensive studies into analgesic use in pregnancy. The increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes associated with non-prescribed, over-the-counter, analgesics use during pregnancy indicate that healthcare guidance for pregnant women regarding analgesic use should be re-assessed. Trial registration number N/A

ANALISIS DAMPAK PENERAPAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING SEMASA PANDEMI

The aim of this research is to know the impact of applying google classroom toward teachers and students SMK Negeri 1 Marancar online learning in pandemic period. The approach of the research used qualitative descriptive and triangulation was applied on data analysis technique which included interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Data sources were 2 teachers and 10 students. The result of the research shows the impact of online learning is positive impact which includes increase students and teachers ability of using ICT, shorter study time, learning can be done anywhere, and availability of adequate file storage space, and minimize of using paper. Furthermore, negative impact includes difficult to apply the right learning methods and media, learning materials are only in the form of documents, network interference, additional costs for buying internet quota, unfavorable class atmosphere, students become lazy to study, low student manners, teachers and students have to have adequate smartphone.

Influence of active methodologies: projects and cases in the development of digital competences with mobile devices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of two active methodologies on digital competences development using mobile devices. The first methodology is project-oriented learning (POL); the second one is case-based learning (CBL). The analyzed digital competences belong to the communication and collaboration area of framework DIGCOMP.Design/methodology/approachThis article shows the results of the quantitative stage with a design pre-experimental pre-test–post-test. A questionnaire was designed and applied to an intentional sample from two different courses. In total, 178 students completed the questionnaire in the pre-test, and after five months, 38 students completed the questionnaire in the post-test.FindingsThe results show that students to whom POL was applied increase by 7% competence of interaction with mobile technology. The results also show that the students to whom CBL was applied to increase all four competencies (interaction +8%, share +6%, collaboration +5%, netiquette +4%).Research limitations/implicationsSelf-perception for the evaluation of digital competence and the short study time are limitations to generalize the results, so a longitudinal study is necessary and complemented with qualitative analysis, to present a better validation of the contribution of active methodologies to the development of digital competences.Originality/valueThe rapid advance of technology and the results of various investigations make evident the need of digital competences development. The most common process is digital literacy through techno-functional training. However, these research results confirm that it is possible to promote these digital competences from a practical view and implicitly in active methodologies educational practices.

The Role of Teamwork, Work Environment, Compensation System in an Effort to Increase Employee Extrinsic Motivation at the Dompet Dhuafa Integrated Health Hospital

The work motivation of employee which have increased it has a positive impact and is very important for the company, by increasing employee motivation will encourage each of them to work hard in completing all his work so the company goals are achieved. RS X is a private hospital, in preliminary observations several problems emerged, including teamwork that was not working well between employees, the lack of good communication between employees, the compensation provided was not appropriate and employee tardiness from attendance and employee turnover was quite high. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence employee motivation in the hospital. The method of this research was carried out by analytic causality survey with one short study time dimension. The population in this study was 293 people. The sample in this study used purposive sampling technique. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the regression coefficient value shows that the regression coefficient for teamwork has the highest value compared to the regression coefficient for work environment and compensation. This shows the good teamwork can increase employee motivation. The results showed based on the results of the analysis, the simultaneous effect of teamwork, work environment, and compensation on motivation had a positive effect in the hospital. teamwork, work environment, and compensation to motivation have a positive effect. The greatest coefficient value in this study is the variable teamwork at 52.6%. Implications for Hospital Management to enhance team collaboration with team building training and conflict management training. To increase motivation and compensation satisfaction by improving a transparent performance appraisal system, adjusting workloads with compensation and defining a clear career path in the hospital environment.Based on this, solid teamwork, a conducive work environment and a good compensation system in the hospital, it is easy for the hospital to increase motivation and quality of service, so it can produce quality products with competitive service prices.

Acceptance Model of Hospital Information Management System: Case of Study in Indonesia

In this digital era, Hospitals must follow the competition that demands professionally managed services which cannot be separated from the role of computer technology. Therefore, a hospital needs a management information system that can integrate all its activities in order to improve performance and services, which is better known as Hospital Information System Management (HIS). The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual application of hospital management information systems using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) method with behavior intention as the intervening variable.&#x0D; This research method is done using the quantitative approach, type of causality in the form of survey, one short study time horizon in the form of a questionnaire using Path Analysis. The analysis units are 100 respondents of employees at Metropolitan Medical Centre Hospital in Jakarta, who used HIS 2020. Purposive Sampling was used as the sampling technique. The results showed that attitude towards using HIS had a positive effect on behavioral intention to use. Perceived Usefulness has a positive effect on behavioral intention to use. Perceived Ease of use has a positive effect on behavioral intention to use. Behavioral intention to use has a positive effect on actual technology to use. Attitude toward using has a positive effect on actual technology to use. Perceived Ease of use has a positive effect on actual technology to use. The research findings indicate that the behavioral intention to use variable is a variable that increases the use of HIS because it can benefit from the use by the user. The implication in realizing the increase in HIS requires policies and commitment of hospital management in mandatory, advocacy, socialization, training, monitoring and evaluation related to HIS in each unit.

Motivation and satisfaction towards two-year vocational diploma

Lack of students enrolling in diploma programs compared to what occurred Germany is a sign that Indonesian high school graduates are discouraged from enrolling in the program. Previous studies have mostly focused on the perception and expectation toward vocational high school, leaving motivation and satisfaction under-researched. The current study aims to look at the motivation of students enrolling at the two-year diploma and how satisfied they are with the program. Factors contributing to their satisfaction would be presented accordingly. The study used a qualitative research approach with a case study design by examining current students at AKN Aceh Barat. A focus group discussion coupled with interview were employed to obtain the data and a total of 23 first year diploma students participated in the study. The study found that students were encouraged to enroll for the diploma program due to practical skill benefit, short durational advantage, and financial constraints of their families. They valued practical skills over theoretical knowledge and a short time of study over four years in college. The financial constraint also implies that most students enrolled in the program originate from financially unfortunate families. Most students have been satisfied with the program indicating that their initial motivation has been fulfilled. Factors contributing to their satisfaction include practical skills, theoretical knowledge, laboratory facilities, building infrastructure, and the number of students. They have been satisfied with the balance between practical skills and theoretical balance offered by the program yet felt the need for improvement in the other areas.

The analytical capabilities of the systems of artificial sense of smell and taste. Part 1. “Electronic nose”

The first part of the analytical review presents the main directions of application of modern Multisensor systems such as "electronic nose". The review is based on the results of the umbrella search for information on the given words and phrases. Umbrella search has shown its effectiveness in organizing publications in the selected area, reducing the number of repetitive links and unrelated to the topic of the search. The search was carried out on the electronic catalogs of Russian and international search engines. The tendency of growth of interest to the chosen subject for the last 10 years is traced. Traditional research directions for artificial smell systems are noted. After a slight decline in 2005-2010, the share of work to address the challenges of improving quality and safety in all sectors of human activity, including the food industry, agriculture and the environment, is growing. Some solutions in the field of analysis of food products, raw materials, finished products are systematized. A new direction of research using "electronic nose" systems based on sensors of different types of action is discussed. This direction is medicine, while there is a significant breakthrough in the intensity of the use of EN in medical practice for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods. The positive properties of such devices and approaches are a short study time, minimal sample preparation and recovery of the system after measurement, as well as a small mass/volume of the sample, the possibility of non-invasive diagnosis. The most frequently published research on the results of the use of such systems in the analysis of bioassays, especially interesting non-invasive diagnosis. Among the diagnosed lead direction oncological, gynecological, psychiatric. However, there are single publications and to solve problems in Pediatrics, dentistry, endocrinology and others.

Detection of genetic material of Porcine Circovirus type II by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

There is a sufficient number of molecular-genetic methods for the Porcine Circovirus type II (PCV-II) detection, based on conventional or real-time PCR. However, these methods require expensive equipment, heat cycles for amplification, and considerable time to perform the study. The aim of our work was to develop an alternative method of the PCV-II detection based on isothermal amplification (LAMP), which characterized by cost-effectiveness and short time of study performing. By this reaction a few copies of DNA to 109 molecules might be amplified in about one hour at a constant temperature which is suitable for the field conditions. We designed a set of primers using the target cap gene sequence with the further parameters optimizing of the amplification protocol. Amplification was performed for 60 minutes in a water bath, and the result was observed in UV light using a transilluminator by the adding SYBR green I to the reaction mixture. The elaborated set of primers for LAMP showed high sensitivity and specificity. The set of primers was designed to take into account the molecular genetic features of PCV, and it can significantly expand the range of existing molecular genetic screening techniques for PCV –II detection

Using Study Times for Identifying Types of Learners in a Distance Training for Trainee Teachers

One focus of distance learning research is to explore the extent that learner characteristics and skills determine learning outcomes and to elaborate predictive models of performance. Modern approaches can benefit from objective data, such as various time indices and frequencies of learner actions, provided by log systems catching online traces to identify learners that are in threat of performance loss. This approach might result in better online diagnostics and intervention methods when the mechanisms behind log data are known. Following this idea, the current study gained objective and subjective study time parameters and explored how study time is connected to learner characteristics and learning by using a script-based modularized distance-training course about media education. Data was collected from 379 trainee teachers. Given a calculated workload of 60-90 min per training module, students were clustered into two groups: learners having spent less than 25 min for at least one of their completed modules (n = 118; short study time group) and learners having spent more than 25 min for each completed module (n = 261; long study time group). The first goal was to investigate the extent that study time is relevant for learning process and success. Groups were compared in their ratings of content difficulty, difficulty of studying, invested effort, and experienced pressure while learning, and their test performance. Differences between groups were found in all variables. The long study time learners experienced less content difficulty, studying difficulty, and pressure while learning, but reported more effort and showed higher performance. The second goal was to explore the effect of learner characteristics on study time. Groups were compared in their domain-specific prior knowledge, intrinsic motivation, computer attitude, computer anxiety, and use of learning strategies. Long study time learners showed a higher level of motivation, competences in metacognitive learning strategies, and strategy use for arranging an adequate learning environment. These findings revealed that study time is indicative of problematic students that could be targets for interventions.

Organic amendment additions to rangelands: A meta-analysis of multiple ecosystem outcomes.

Interest in land application of organic amendments—such as biosolids, composts, and manures—is growing due to their potential to increase soil carbon and help mitigate climate change, as well as to support soil health and regenerative agriculture. While organic amendments are predominantly applied to croplands, their application is increasingly proposed on relatively arid rangelands that do not typically receive fertilizers or other inputs, creating unique concerns for outcomes such as native plant diversity and water quality. To maximize environmental benefits and minimize potential harms, we must understand how soil, water, and plant communities respond to particular amendments and site conditions. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of 92 studies in which organic amendments had been added to arid, semiarid, or Mediterranean rangelands. We found that organic amendments, on average, provide some environmental benefits (increased soil carbon, soil water holding capacity, aboveground net primary productivity, and plant tissue nitrogen; decreased runoff quantity), as well as some environmental harms (increased concentrations of soil lead, runoff nitrate, and runoff phosphorus; increased soil CO2 emissions). Published data were inadequate to fully assess impacts to native plant communities. In our models, adding higher amounts of amendment benefitted four outcomes and harmed two outcomes, whereas adding amendments with higher nitrogen concentrations benefitted two outcomes and harmed four outcomes. This suggests that trade‐offs among outcomes are inevitable; however, applying low‐N amendments was consistent with both maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. Short study time frames (median 1–2 years), limited geographic scope, and, for some outcomes, few published studies limit longer‐term inferences from these models. Nevertheless, they provide a starting point to develop site‐specific amendment application strategies aimed toward realizing the potential of this practice to contribute to climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on other environmental goals.

The WISDOM Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Trial: Simulation Study to Assess Potential Bias and Analytic Approaches

BackgroundWISDOM (Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures of Risk) is a randomized trial to assess whether personalized breast cancer screening—where women are screened biannually, annually, biennially, or not at all depending on risk and age—can prevent as many advanced (stage IIB or higher) cancers as annual screening in women ages 40–74 years across 5 years of trial time. The short study time in combination with design choices of not requiring study entry and exit mammograms for all participants may introduce different sources of bias in favor of either the personalized or the annual arm.MethodsWe designed a simulation model and performed 5000 virtual WISDOM trials to assess potential biases. Each virtual trial simulated 65 000 randomly assigned participants who were each assigned a risk stratum and a time to stage of at least IIB cancer sampled from an exponential distribution with the hazard rate based on the risk stratum. Results from the virtual trials were used to evaluate two candidate analysis strategies with respect to susceptibility for introducing bias: 1) difference between arms in total number of events over total trial time, and 2) difference in number of events within complete screening cycles.ResultsBased on the simulations, about 86 stage IIB or higher cancers will be detected within the trial and the total exposure time will be about 74 000 years in each arm. Potential ascertainment bias is introduced at study entry and exit. Analysis strategy 1 works better for the nonscreened stratum, whereas method 2 is considerably more unbiased for the strata of women screened biennially or every 6 months.ConclusionCombining the two candidate analysis approaches gives a reasonably unbiased analysis based on the simulations and is the method we will use for the primary analysis in WISDOM. Publishing the WISDOM analysis approach provides transparency and can aid the design and analysis of other individualized screening trials.

The Sage’s Rule (Plato’s Dream Realized). Supplemental Materials

The paper presents collection of the following materials. We propose definitions of “Left” (left liberal) and “Right” (conservative, classical liberal) politician - which we’ll need for further analysis. The R&D spending structure statistics shows the business contributes more than Government in R&D, while the Government generally dominates in universities R&D funding. The last piece is the short case study (time line of the reprisal for purely scientific research - Hall, Tabachnikov, 2017). The reprisal is interpreted as an example of fight of bureaucrats and Left politicians: for seizure of discretionary power by bureaucrats and political base extension and consolidation for the “Left” politicians.