Short Tube Research Articles

High sensitivity and low temperature cross-talk magnetic field sensor with ferrofluid-filled in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

A ferrofluid-filled in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is presented and validated for magnetic field sensing. It is constructed by embedding a short capillary tube filled with ferrofluid which is sandwiched between two SMFs through a short MMF at its both ends, and the device is experimentally proved having extreme high refractive index (RI) sensitivity. When the sensor is placed in an external magnetic field, the RI of the ferrofluid changes, causing a shift in the transmission spectrum of the interferometer. Experimental results show that the proposed sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 8.9657 nm/mT and 4.2642 nm/mT for longitudinal and vertical magnetic field within the range of 0–1.5 mT and 0.8–2.2 mT, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits excellent low temperature cross-talk in longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields as low as 0.014 mT/°C and 0.030 mT/°C, respectively. The sensor offers advantages such as stable operation, compact size, and robust mechanical structure.

A new rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition in a short smooth tube

A new rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition in a short smooth tube

The role of cap-assisted endoscopy and its future implications.

Cap-assisted endoscopy refers to a procedure in which a short tube made of a polymer (mostly transparent) is attached to the distal tip of the endoscope to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. It is reported to be particularly useful in: (1) minimizing blind spots during screening colonoscopy, (2) providing a constant distance from a lesion for clear visualization during magnifying endoscopy, (3) accurately assessing the size of various gastrointestinal lesions, (4) preventing mucosal injury during foreign body removal, (5) securing adequate workspace in the submucosal space during endoscopic submucosal dissection or third space endoscopy, (6) providing an optimal approach angle to a target, and (7) suctioning mucosal and submucosal tissue with negative pressure for resection or approximation. Here, we review various applications of attachable caps in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy and their future implications.

On the Extension-Torsion of Short Hyperelastic Tubes of Axially Functionally-Graded Materials

The mechanical behavior of thick-walled tubes made of axially functionally graded (FG) incompressible nonlinear elastic materials under combined extension-torsion loading is focused on in this study. To achieve more realistic modeling, a computation-efficient semi-analytical approach is proposed, which is subsequently validated through finite element simulations. Axially functional grading is addressed by considering finite length instead of the commonly assumed infinite length. Additionally, a comparative study is conducted to examine twelve different functional grading distributions based on silicon-rubber Neo-Hookean material constant. 3D numerical simulations are outperformed by our approach by up to 50 times in computational efficiency under identical hardware conditions. The results indicate the model's capability to evaluate the non-linear distribution of twisting along the length, also stress analysis suggests that decreased shear stress variation, reaction torque, and force can be achieved by increasing the material gradient in larger than one composition ratio. Overall, valuable insights for engineers are provided by our approach, ensuring structural integrity and safe operation of functionally graded cylindrical components in various engineering applications.

Particle aerosol generation and potential altering in airflow used for acute/repeated inhalation toxicity testing

Reproducible aerosol generation in combination with stable aerosol properties are essential prerequisites for compliant performance of acute or repeated inhalation toxicity tests of particulate materials according to OECD TG 403, 436, 412, or 413. A frequent problem of powder aerosol generation is the formation of coarse agglomerates with low shear resistance, which are beyond the tolerable size range but not detected by the prescribed aerodynamic measurement techniques by cascade impactor as the measurement conditions cause a disintegration into smaller fragments. But such agglomerates are observed during the transport to the inhalation chambers. These effects particularly apply to high mass concentrations and low-density powders, i.e., pyrogenic oxides. This study describes the transport influence in the airflow on the change of powder aerosols and on their respirability.A simplified short tube set-up was developed for the aerosol transport pre-tests, which allows the determination of the optimal aerosol formation conditions for the inhalation tests. The particles were measured with low shear using laser diffraction measurement or optical particle counters. The calculation of the aerodynamic particle sizes prescribed in the guidelines requires knowledge of the effective particle density of the porous aerosol particles. A practicable method for determining these is presented and described. In the outlook, first low concentration measurements show that clear agglomeration effects can also occur at particle concentrations around 20 mg/m³.

Solvent Extraction of PDMS Tubing as a New Method for the Capture of Volatile Organic Compounds from Headspace.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubing is increasingly being used to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from static biological headspace. However, analysis of VOCs collected using PDMS tubing often deploys thermal desorption, where samples are considered as 'one-offs' and cannot be used in multiple experiments. In this study, we developed a static headspace VOC collection method using PDMS tubing which is solvent-based, meaning that VOC extracts can be used multiple times and can be linked to biological activity. Using a synthetic blend containing a range of known semiochemicals (allyl isothiocyanate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, nonanal, (E)-anethol, (S)-bornyl acetate, (E)-caryophyllene and pentadecane) with differing chemical and physicochemical properties, VOCs were collected in static headspace by exposure to PDMS tubing with differing doses, sampling times and lengths. In a second experiment, VOCs from oranges were collected using PDMS sampling of static headspace versus dynamic headspace collection. VOCs were eluted with diethyl ether and analysed using gas chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and coupled GC - mass spectrometry. GC-FID analysis of collected samples showed that longer PDMS tubes captured significantly greater quantities of compounds than shorter tubes, and that sampling duration significantly altered the recovery of all tested compounds. Moreover, greater quantities of compounds were recovered from closed compared to open systems. Finally, analysis of orange headspace VOCs showed no qualitative differences in VOCs recovered compared to dynamic headspace collections, although quantities sampled using PDMS tubing were lower. In summary, extraction of PDMS tubing with diethyl ether solvent captures VOCs from the headspace of synthetic blends and biological samples, and the resulting extracts can be used for multiple experiments linking VOC content to biological activity.

Rohdea gymnogyna (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Gansu, China

Rohdea gymnogyna, a new species from southern Gansu Provinces in northwestern China, is described and illustrated. It is apparently most closely related to R. rotiformis described from Sichuan, southwestern China. These two species share a smooth annular ledge appendage at the throat of the perianth tube. It is, however, readily distinguishable mainly by the lanceolate perianth lobes which strongly curved into a "W" shape in longitudinal section, the very short and bowl-shaped perianth tube, the ovary extends beyond the perianth tube. The taxonomic relationships of the new species to R. urotepala and R. lichuanensis also with an annular ledge appendage were also briefly discussed.

Passive stress-strain model and ultimate strength prediction for short steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns allowing for size effect

Steel tubes can significantly enhance the strength and ductility of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) and steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns. Existing research work have mainly focused on the former type while the later type of members not only avoid longitudinal steel bulking but also provide better ductility performance to resist seismic loads which is further investigated in this paper. Based on partial-interaction shear-friction mechanics, a passive stress-strain model for short steel tube confined concrete columns is proposed. The main benefit of the proposed model is that it is based on mechanics for rectangular and circular cross-sections which could allow for the size effect. Besides, this model also gives the ultimate strength of steel tube confined concrete columns and is further simplified as a design-oriented approach. The proposed passive stress-strain model and the simplified model for the ultimate strength of concrete columns show good correlation with experimental data. Compared with three other existing approaches, the simplified model could enhance the computing efficiency to a new level. Then a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of specimen size on the behaviour of steel tube confined concrete columns.

Dynamic engraving characteristics of nylon belt under different charge conditions

Abstract In the present study, a 105 mm short tube gun system was designed to conduct the firing experiments under low charge conditions, which could precisely obtain the projectile displacement data and projectile base pressure data during the engraving process. Besides, a 3-dimensional dynamic engraving FEM-SPH model was established by coupling the internal ballistic process to much authentic investigate the engraving characteristics of the projectile, which were verified and compared through the experiment. On this premise, the influence mechanism and engraving features of the nylon belt were numerically calculated under higher charge conditions. The comparison between the experimental recovery belt and the numerical calculation results shows that the damage to the front of the nylon belt is axial compression wear, while the damage to the back of the nylon belt is circumferential shear wear. The direction of force exerted by the slope chamber and the projectile body on the belt was inconsistent, causing a bulge in the middle of the nylon belt. The more rapid the average boosting rate, the stronger the instantaneous impact on the nylon belt, the larger the stress and the strain damage on the nylon belt, the higher the pressure at the end of the engraving process and the greater the maximum engraving resistance. When the average boosting rate increased from 2.7 MPa⋅ms−1 to 33.0 MPa⋅ms−1, the engraving time was shortened by 73.9%, while the maximum engraving resistance increased by 78.2%.

First flower inclusion and fossil evidence of Cryptocarya (Laurales, Lauraceae) from Miocene amber of Zhangpu (China)

Lauraceae have one of the oldest fossil records of angiosperms with the earliest known evidence from the mid-Cretaceous. However, most of these records are based on leaves, especially from the Cenozoic of Asia, which are often challenging to assign to extinct or extant genera or species. In contrast, fossils of reproductive organs are more informative, but remain scarce. We here described the first Cenozoic Lauraceae flower of Asia and confirmed the presence of Cryptocarya in the Miocene Zhangpu flora (Fujian Province, south-eastern China) based on an amber inclusion. We scanned the specimen using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) and then compared the fossil with extant flowers of the genus. The present fossil flower is small, bisexual, and polysymmetric, with a whorled and trimerous perianth and androecium along with a hypanthium around the gynoecium. The perianth comprises six undifferentiated tepals, the androecium consists of nine stamens and three innermost staminodes, and the gynoecium of a single carpel with a superior, unilocular (and uniovulate) ovary. Our study also shows that the fossil shares an unusual position of the typical staminal glands and a short androecial tube on the rim of the hypanthium with at least one extant Australian species of Cryptocarya, which have not been reported before. Nowadays, Lauraceae are still present in tropical to subtropical regions, mostly in American and Asian rainforests. The discovery of many Lauraceae leaf fossils in Zhangpu, as well as the amber flower of this study, is consistent with the current reconstruction of the amber source environment as a megathermal seasonal rainforest during the Mid-Miocene.

Early Upper Paleolithic Tubular Beads from the Main Chamber of Denisova Cave

The authors present the results of a technological and functional analysis of bone tubular beads from the Upper Paleolithic layer 11 in the Main Chamber of Denisova Cave, northwestern Altai. Tubular beads are among the most widespread categories of Early Upper Paleolithic ornaments from the cave. The technological sequence of operations has been reconstructed. It included several stages: selection of blank, planing, manufacture of preform by truncating the epiphyses, ornamenting the preform, marking preforms for fracturing into short tubes, sawing or cutting, fragmentation by cuts, removal of cancellous bone, and smoothing the fracture surfaces. Prepared blanks and diagnostic production waste were not noted in the technological context of the complex; this indicates that the tubular beads were probably manufactured outside the excavated area of the Main Chamber. The analyses revealed traces of wear caused by contact with clothing or human skin and by threading on a string or thin strap. Tubular beads were used by the Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of the cave as elements of clothing, necklaces, and probably bracelets. The closest but still considerably distant parallels to the tubular beads from the Altai are Aurignacian ornaments of a similar age from Western, Central, and Eastern Europe.

Comparison between Calculated, Simulated and Actual Plant Data of Multiple Effect Evaporators to Concentrate Sugarcane Juice

Multiple effect evaporators systems operating at steady state can be described by a series of nonlinear algebraic equations that include total and solute mass balances, energy balances, heat transfer rate equations, and the composition and temperature dependence of related thermodynamic properties such as vapor pressures and enthalpies. The main objective is to compare between the manual calculations, simulation and real data collected from Asalaya plant for validation the best design of multiple effect evaporators system in forward feed used in Asalaya Sugar Factory. In this design a short tube vertical evaporator, Calandria type has been used. The models include overall equations of materials balance, equations of energy balance and equations of heat transfer rate for measurement area for all the effects. These equations were solved using manual calculations methods and MATLAB coded program. The results of the present investigations have been compared with the data obtained from the Asalaya Sugar Factory with five evaporators. The results showed that the concentration of sugar cane juice at the final stage is equal to 60 Brix for the manual calculations, simulation and actual plant data with zero error. The temperature of solution in the pre- effect evaporator was found to be about (114.94, 114.94, 115)ºC, with a relative error equal to 0.05% and the steam temperature in the pre effect was found about (120)ºC for the manual calculations, simulation and actual plant data, with zero error. The area and number of tubes in the (pre, second, third and fourth) effect, are in a good agreement, with the standard value (Er=3.26%). The above results show great similarity with the real behavior of evaporator unit. This can be used as a reliable tool\for the simulation of different operating conditions.

Numerical evaluations on enhanced steam–air condensation outside S-type tubes under natural convection conditions

Steam-air condensation is extensively utilized in various industrial fields. In pursuit of better efficiency in applications, this study promoted a novel structure of heat transfer enhancing tube named S-type tube. It combines the superior heat transfer performance of short tubes and inclined tubes, demonstrating a high potential for enhanced condensate heat transfer. To evaluate the heat transfer property and obtain the optimized S-type tube structure, three-dimensional CFD methods were used, coupled with the liquid film model in STAR-CCM + software. The effcts of wall sub-cooling, pressure, air mass fraction and downward forced velocity, bend radius, horizontal section length on the steam–air condensation heat transfer characteristics outside S-type tubes were investigated. It was identified that S-type tubes can enhance the steam–air condensation heat transfer capability, and the enhanced heat transfer ability increases with the increase of pressure and the decrease of air mass fraction, and remains basically unchanged with changes in sub-cooling. The condensation heat transfer coefficients outside S-type tubes are 0.9 ∼ 1.71 times that of vertical tube range 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa. The main mechanisms affecting the condensation heat transfer are summarized: the scouring effect between tube segments to enhance heat transfer and the air layer pileup effect to inhibit heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement capacity for the S-type tube is determined by the relative magnitude between the scouring effect and the pileup effect. Both effects increase as bend radius decreases; therefore, selecting an appropriate bend radius is crucial.

Short milking tube thermogram analysis: an indicator of mastitis in Murrah buffaloes.

In the present study, thermal images of the short milking tube of the milking machine representing four udder quarters independently attached to a milking animal, along with pre-milking and post-milking udder and teat thermograms, were taken using a hand-held digital infrared thermal camera (DarviDTL007) during morning milking of lactating Murrah buffaloes (n = 132) to assess the mastitis status. California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk samples were carried out to screen the udder quarters as healthy, subclinical (SCM), and clinical mastitis (CM). The thermograms revealed an increase (p < 0.05) of 2.19 and 3.72ºC in the mean values of short milking tube (SMT) surface temperature among SCM and CM quarters compared to healthy quarters, respectively. The mean values of udder skin surface temperature (USST) for pre-milking, milking, and post-milking of SCM and CM compared to healthy quarters showed an increase (p < 0.05) of 2.17, 1.96, and 1.61ºC and 3.11, 2.88, and 2.73ºC, respectively. Similarly, compared to healthy quarters, the mean values of teat skin surface temperature (TSST) for pre-milking and post-milking of SCM and CM showed an increase (p < 0.05) of 2.12 and 1.66ºC and 3.07 and 2.45ºC, respectively. Also, CMT and SCC results showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.68-0.91, p < 0.01) with all the thermographic parameters. Thus, thermograms of SMT alone can be used as an efficient detection tool in assessing SCM among Murrah buffaloes.

Finite Element Analysis of Combined Energy Piles with Long and Short Heat Exchanger Tubes

To improve the heat exchange effect of energy piles in coastal areas, a new energy pile with a combination of long and short heat exchanger tubes is proposed. This technology combines the characteristics of implanted pile construction and arranges heat exchanger tubes of different lengths inside and outside the precast pipe pile, which can make full use of the geological conditions in coastal areas. Finite element analysis was applied for a project in a deep, soft soil ground to study the effectiveness of the new combined energy pile technology. The influences of the combined heat exchanger tubes and groundwater seepage conditions on the heat transfer and stress state of the energy pile were analyzed. The results show that the deformation and internal force of the pile body are closely related to temperature change. The temperature change is determined by heat transfer, which is closely related to the arrangement of heat exchanger tubes and underground water flow. With the increase of groundwater seepage velocity, the heat taken away by the heat exchanger tubes gradually increases; thus, the heat exchange between the heat exchanger tubes and the pile body decreases. The inner heat exchanger tube of the pile leads to an increase in heat exchange. However, as the length of the inner heat exchanger tube increases from 40 m to 80 m, the heat exchange decreases. The research results provide technical support for further development of the new energy pile technology.

Stability analysis of pultruded basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) tube under axial compression

This study analyzed mechanical properties and stability of pultruded basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) tubes under compressive axial loading for large-span space and truss structures applications. This study assessed the compressive strength of BFRP tubes with three different cross-sectional shapes and investigated the failure modes under compression with slenderness ratios ranging from 20 to 150. The results demonstrated that short BFRP tubes can achieve a compressive strength of up to 122.36 MPa with a compressive elastic modulus of 40.39 GPa. Three types of compressive failure modes were observed in the BFRP tubes, including local material, critical, and overall buckling failures. Furthermore, based on the analysis of experiment results, two design-oriented three-stage theoretical models were proposed for BFRP tubes with three different cross-sectional shapes. The proposed models were able to predict both the stress–strain and load-lateral deflection curves by taking into account the post-peak softening behavior of the stress–strain curve. In addition, a stability equation was also derived for predicting the compressive strength of slender BFRP tubes and was validated by experiments. The predictions derived from proposed models were consistent with experiment results.

Elbow valgus stress during towel drills in college baseball players

In baseball players with elbow injuries, towel drills are clinically used before initiating active throwing exercises to gradually increase stress across the elbow. However, elbow valgus torque during towel drills remains unknown. Moreover, towel drills and active ball throws might have different relationships between biomechanical metrics, such as elbow stress, arm slot, and arm speed. Therefore, the aims of this study were 1) to demonstrate the difference in elbow valgus stress between towel drills and active ball throws and 2) to evaluate the correlation between elbow valgus torque and other biomechanical metrics including arm slot and arm speed in towel drills and active ball throws. Seventeen healthy college baseball players performed three towel drills using a face towel, short foam tube, and long foam tube, followed by full-effort throwing on flat ground. Each participant completed five consecutive trials of each task, and the elbow valgus torque, arm slot, and arm speed were measured using wearable sensors. One-way repeated analysis of variance and post-hoc tests were used to determine the differences in biomechanical metrics among the tasks. Furthermore, the correlation between the elbow valgus torque and other metrics was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Elbow valgus torque was lower in towel drills compared to that of active ball throws; however, the stress during towel drills using a face towel reached almost 80% of the maximum effort of active ball throws. There was no relationship between elbow valgus stress and arm slot in either the towel or active ball throw tasks. However, a higher arm speed was associated with greater elbow valgus torque in towel drills, whereas no relationship between elbow stress and arm speed was found in active ball throws. Precaution must be taken in athletes following a progressive throwing program because elbow valgus stress reaches almost 80% of the full-effort throw, even when using a face towel in a towel drill. Hence, the subjective intensity must be controlled even in towel drills to gradually increase the medial elbow stress. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying changes in elbow stress may differ between towel drills and active ball throws. Future investigations on the difference between towel drills and active ball throws may help understand the underlying mechanism of alterations in elbow valgus torque during the throwing movement.

Short-milking-tube thermograms: An alternative to udder thermograms for mastitis detection in Sahiwal cows

Mastitis is a multi-etiological production disease that causes substantial financial loss to dairy farmers. In this context, early detection of mastitis using thermograms can aid the dairy sector in managing mastitis efficiently, and this technology could be a supportive tool in precision dairy farming. Infrared cameras can detect minor temperature changes on the udder surface by taking multiple images of the udder and teat. In the current study, a thermogram of the short milking tube (SMT) of the milking machine, as well as the udder and teat of lactating Sahiwal cow (n = 100 quarters of 25 Sahiwal cows), was captured using a hand-held digital infrared thermal camera (DarviDTL007) during morning milking to assess the mastitis status. CMT and SCC of milk samples were carried out for further confirmatory diagnosis of healthy, sub-clinical (SCM), and clinical mastitis (CM). Cut-offs for short milking tube temperature were developed using the receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results of thermal image analysis revealed that the pre-milking, milking, and post-milking parameters of the udder and the teat skin surface temperatures showed a significant difference in the healthy, SCM, and CM-affected quarters. The thermogram analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of 1.11 and 2.04°C in the mean values of SMT surface temperature among SCM and CM quarters compared to healthy quarters, respectively. In addition, the values of CMT and SCC revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SCM and CM samples and a positive correlation to SMT surface temperatures. Short milking tube thermograms can be a useful assessment tool for detecting sub-clinical mastitis in dairy animals.

Lowering the percolation threshold when filling polystyrene with surface-functionalized carbon nanohorns

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are highly porous material composed of spherical aggregates of short carbon tubes with closed ends. Given their significant potential for a variety of applications, including electromagnetic shielding, it is important to tune the morphology and surface functionality of CNHs. In this study, CNHs functionalized with –CHx groups were synthesized by arc discharge of a graphite rod with the addition of toluene vapor. The resulting material was used as a filler for polystyrene composites, whose electromagnetic properties were studied over the frequency range of 1 kHz–4 GHz. Our research showed that functionalization increases the electrostatic association of CNHs, thereby facilitating the formation of conduction paths. As a result, polymer composites containing functionalized CNHs exhibit improved electromagnetic response and lower electrical percolation threshold. The insights gathered from this study provide crucial information on the relation between charge transport and polarization phenomena, the structure of CNHs, their surface state, and their arrangement in the polymer matrix. This information could potentially aid in the further development of this exceptional material.

FRI080 Post Bariatric Hypoglycemia And Pregnancy: Successful Utilization Of Remnant Stomach Gastrostomy Tube Placement In Severe Refractory Hypoglycemia After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Abstract Disclosure: S.S. Habbsa: None. A. Port: None. Introduction: Post bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) can occur following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Due to an exaggerated glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) response from rapid nutrient transit to the distal bowel, patients with PBH exhibit endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia following a carbohydrate load. Severe cases can result in significantly impaired quality of life (QoL), including syncope, seizures, and nutritional deficits from restricted intake. Recently, remnant stomach percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement has been reported in a handful of cases as a successful long-term strategy for RYGB-PBH refractory to nutritional and medical therapy. However, there are no known outcomes in pregnancy. Case: A 25-year-old female with a history of RYGB presented with increasingly severe and frequent PBH beginning 12 months after surgery. Mixed meal testing was consistent with prandial hypoglycemia (down to 20 mg/dL) with hyperinsulinemia (C-peptide 11 [0.80 - 3.10 ng/mL], Insulin 50 [&amp;lt;23 uIU/mL]). Ultrasound was negative for pancreatic anomalies. Dietary modification and medical therapy with acarbose, diazoxide, and liraglutide were unsuccessful. 3 years after RYGB, she required hospitalization for hypoglycemic seizures, and she underwent remnant stomach PEG tube placement. Oral intake was discontinued (except for protein for comfort) and substituted with 12-hour nocturnal feeds. Her PBH diminished, and she reported significant improvement in QoL. 6 years after PEG placement, the patient became pregnant. Working closely with a dietician, she increased caloric intake by 200-250 kcal/day in the second and third trimesters. Screening for gestational diabetes with oral glucose tolerance testing was deferred given risk of PBH exacerbation, and CGM was used instead for glycemic monitoring. Intolerance to overnight feeds was remedied using concentrated enteral formulas and incorporation of short daytime tube feed boluses. She delivered a healthy baby via elective C-section. During lactation, due to concern for food protein allergy, she was transitioned to a non-dairy non-soy-based feeding regimen. She returned to her pre-pregnancy weight and her sugars remained stable. Conclusion: This is the first case report documenting safe and effective use of remnant stomach enteral feeds for management of severe refractory PBH post RYGB during pregnancy and lactation. Pregnancy presents a unique situation in which increased carbohydrate intake is necessary to support fetal development; however, this can be life-threatening for patients with severe PBH. Remnant stomach PEG feeds utilize the original gut without need for surgical RYGB reversal, preventing rapid nutrient transit. Long-term reversal of PBH, sustained weight loss and customizable feeding regimens support the use of remnant PEG placement for severe RYGB-PBH in the appropriate patient. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023